• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.181-186
• /
• 1986

Organophosphorus insecticide residues were investigated in six kinds of fruits and five kinds of vegetables.The materials used in this experiment were grape, musk melon, apple, peach, plum, apricot, lettuce, green pepper, cucumber, pumpkin and tomato which were collected from June to september 1986 in Seoul. Residual pesticides investigated were Diazinon, Parathion, MEP (Fenitrothion), Malathion, EPN, MPP (Fenthion), PAP (Phenthoate) and Dimethoate and all samples were analysed by gas chromatographic technique with NPD (Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector). No sample was found to approach proposed national maximum residue limits in Korea.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.203-212
• /
• 2010

Distribution of organophosphorous pesticides (OPs) was studied from February to September 2008 in the seawater of Asan Bay, Korea. Among the 29 types of OPs detected during the study period, IBP(S-benzyl O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate), ranging from <1 ng/l to 377 ng/l, was the most abundant. Other commonly observed OPs concentrations in the study area included diazinon (Diethyl 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidinyl phosphorothionate; <1~307 ng/l), azinphos ethyl (3,4-Dihydro-4-oxo-3-benzotriazinylmethyl O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate; <1~1997 ng/l), malathion (1,2-Di(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl O,Odimethyl phosphordithioates; <1~3013 ng/l), demeton-O (Diethyl 2-(ethylthio)ethyl phosphorothionate; <1~2403 ng/l), and DDVP (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate; <1~283 ng/l). Seasonal distribution of OPs in seawater is dependent on the OP application period. In August, OPs concentrations were generally decreased with the increased salinity of seawater, implying progressive dilution of pesticides in the estuarine system. OPs were deposited into Asan Bay from Asan and Sabkyo Lakes as well as surrounding tributaries. Ten OPs, including diazinon, were detected in the suspended particles of Asan Bay.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 1987

수종(數種)의 과채류(果菜類)에 대(對)한 농약(農藥)의 잔류량(殘留量)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 채소류(菜蔬類)(무우, 배추, 오이, 도마토)에서의 MEP, Malathion이 검출(檢出)빈도가 비교적 높았으며, Parathion, Captan은 전시료(全試料)에서 부검출(不檢出)되었으며 검출(檢出)된 농약(農藥)의 잔류량(殘留量)도 낮은 수준(水準)으로서 허용기준(許容基準)의 $\frac{1}{3}{\sim}\frac{1}{66}$이었다. 2. 과실류(果實類)(포도, 복숭아)에서는 MEP, PAP, Parathion의 검출(檢出)빈도가 높았고 Diazinon, Captan은 전시료(全試料)에서 부검출(不檢出)되었다. 검출(檢出)된 농약잔류량(農藥殘留量)은 극히 낮은 수준(水準)으로서 허용기준(許容基準)의 $\frac{1}{8}{\sim}\frac{1}{500}$이었다. 3. 국내생산(國內生産) 과채류중(果菜類中)의 농약잔류량(農藥殘留量)은 국내외(國內外)의 잔류허용기준(殘留許容基準)에 훨씬 미달(未達)되는 수준(水準)이었으며 그 잔류량(殘留量)도 세정(洗淨)이나 조리과정(調理過程)에서 상당한 량(量)이 제거(除去)될 것으로 생각되므로 실제로 인체에 섭취(攝取)되는 잔류농약(殘留農藥)의 량(量)은 적을 것으로 판단된다.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.489-495
• /
• 2002

본 연구는 우리나라 수계에 서식하는 어류와 양서류에 대해 trifluralin, atrazine, metribuzink, alachlor, malathion, nitrofen, permethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, parathion 등의 유기 농약의 잔류실태를 조사한 것이다. 전국의 주요 하천 유역 31개 지점에서 양서류와 어류를 채집하였으며, 이들의 근육 부분을 최종 분석시료로 하였다. 전처리 과정에서 아세토니트릴로 추출한 후 n-헥산으로 씻어 지질성분을 제거하고 정제수를 넣고 디클로로메탄으로 재추출하였다. 추출액을 탈수 농축하여 플로리실 컬럼으로 정제한 후 동위원소 표준물질을 첨가하여 GC-MS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 검출된 농도 범위는 양서류에서는 $0.17{\sim}6.8{\mu}g/kg$, 그리고 어류에서는 cypermethrin이 최대 $16{\mu}g/kg$을 비롯해서 $0.26{\sim}16{\mu}g/kg$의 농도로 검출되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.144-153
• /
• 2021

Organophosphorus nerve agents (OPNAs), including both G- and V-type nerve agents such as sarin, soman, tabun and VX, are extremely neurotoxic organophosphorus compounds. Catalytic bioscavengers capable of hydrolyzing OPNAs are under development because of the low protective effects and adverse side effects of chemical antidotes to OPNA poisoning. However, these bioscavengers have certain limitations for practical application, including low catalytic activity and narrow specificity. In this study, we generated a fusion-hybrid form of engineered recombinant human paraoxonase 1 (rePON1) and bacterial organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH), referred to as GV-hybrids, using a flexible linker to develop more promising catalytic bioscavengers against a broad range of OPNAs. These GV-hybrids were able to synergistically hydrolyze both G-type OPNA analogs (paraoxon: 1.7 ~ 193.7-fold, p-nitrophenyl diphenyl phosphate (PNPDPP): 2.3 ~ 33.0-fold and diisopropyl fluorophosphates (DFP): 1.4 ~ 22.8-fold) and V-type OPNA analogs (demeton-S-methyl (DSM): 1.9 ~ 34.6-fold and malathion: 1.1 ~ 4.2-fold above) better than their individual enzyme forms. Among the GV-hybrid clones, the GV7 clone showed remarkable improvements in the catalytic activity toward both G-type OPNA analogs (kcat/Km (106 M-1 min-1): 59.8 ± 0.06 (paraoxon), 5.2 ± 0.02 (PNPDPP) and 47.0 ± 6.0 (DFP)) and V-type OPNA analogs (kcat/Km (M-1 min-1): 504.3 ± 48.5 (DSM) and 1324.0 ± 47.5 (malathion)). In conclusion, we developed GV-hybrid forms of rePON1 and bacterial OPH mutants as effective and suitable catalytic bioscavengers to hydrolyze a broad range of OPNA analogs.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 2006

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) contents in the sewage sludge derived from the residential and industrial areas were determined in order to characterize contemporary organic contamination levels as a part of the ongoing development of the environmentally sound sewage sludge management strategy in Korea. OPPs were extracted from freeze-dried sludges in a ultrasonic extractor. The extracts were cleaned-up by florisil column and subsequently fed into gas chromatograph/nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC/NPD) for determining OPP contents. Diazinon, dimethoate, disulfoton, EPN, malathion, methyl parathion, parathion, phorate and sulfotep were present in the appreciable amount in the domestic sewage sludges. The sum of the 9 OPPs in the sewage sludge varied from 534.8 to 15552.1 ${\mu}g/kg$, dry wt..

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.47-49
• /
• 1970

Laboratory susceptibility tests with various insecticides against houseflies(Musca domestica L.) were simultaneously conducted with larvae. As a result of these experment the following conclusion has been obtained. 1. The relative ratio to various insecticidal effects were naled>DDVP>diazinon>${\gamma}-BHC$>malathion>dieldrin>DDT in houseflies larvae. 2. It was noted that resistance to various insecticides in larvae was in proportion to resistance in adults.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.218-221
• /
• 1993

복숭아혹진딧물 방제용약제를 공시하여 1983년부터 4년에 걸쳐 포장에서의 약효와 실내에서 약제감수성을 조사하였다. 마라치온을 포함한 7종의 살충제의 방제가가 현저히 낮았다. 또한 포장에서 계절별로 발생한 개체군에 대한 각 약제의 감수성시험을 실시한 결과 약제에 따라 1~167배의 약제 감수성 차이를 보였다.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.303-308
• /
• 2001

The potential for a given anticholinesterase pesticide to exhibit age-related toxicity is essential information for an accurate and proper risk assessment of that compound. This investigation was designed to study the age-related toxicity of active metabolites of four organophosphates using in vitro detoxification measurement. The blood samples were collected from 1 month and 18 months old rats. The $IC_{50}$ values of mouse brain recombinant AChE of chlorpyrifos-oxon, diazoxon, malaoxon and paraoxon were 10.35, 112.84, 151.28 and 18.43 nM, respectively. When the plasma of young rats, and $CaCI_2$were added, the $IC_{50}$ values of mouse brain recombinant AChE of chlorpyrfos-oxon, diazoxon, malaoxon and paraoxon were 31.89, 164.25, 139.94 and 16.36 nM, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ values of mouse brain recombinant AChE of chlorpyrifos-oxon, diazoxon, malaoxon and paraoxon were changed to 136.840, 1244.45, 654.54 and 52.66 nM by A-esterases In adult rats. These results suggest that four organophosphates have a potential toxicity to exhibit age-related sensitivity.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 1984

수종(數種)의 과실채소류(果實菜蔬類)에 대(對)한 유기린계(有機燐系) 살충제들의 잔유량(殘留量)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 채소류(菜蔬類)(무우, 배추, 오이, 토마토)에서 diazinon의 검출률(檢出率)은 20%, 검출범위(檢出範圍)는 부검출(不檢出)${\sim}0.020ppm$ 이었으며, 검출시료(檢出試料)의 평균(平均)은 0.004ppm이었다. DEP는 검출률(檢出率)이 52.5%, 검출범위(檢出範圍)는 부검출(不檢出)${\sim}0.273ppm$이었으며, 검출시료(檢出試料)의 평균(平均)은 0.096ppm 이었다. Malathion의 검출률(檢出率)은 15%이며 검출범위(檢出範圍)는 부검출(不檢出)${\sim}0.038ppm$이고 검출시료(檢出試料)의 평균(平均)은 0.021ppm 이었다. 2) 고추에서는 EPN은 전시료(全試料)에서 부검출(不檢出) 되었으며, PAP는 1점(點)의 시료(試料)에서만 0.006ppm으로 검출(檢出)되었다. 3) 포도에서의 PAP는 검출률(檢出率)이 20%이고 검출범위(檢出範圍)는 부검출(不檢出)${\sim}0.008ppm$ 이었으며 검출시료(檢出試料)의 평균(平均)은 0.006ppm 이었다. EPN은 전시료(全試料)에서 부검출(不檢出)되었으며 MEP의 검출률(檢出率)은 20%, 검출범위(檢出範圍)는 부검출(不檢出)${\sim}0.007ppm$이며 검출시료(檢出試料)의 평균(平均)은 0.005ppm이었다. 4) 복숭아에서 EPN은 전시료(全試料)에서 부검출(不檢出)이었고, demeton-methyl은 검출률(檢出率)이 30%, 검출범위(檢出範圍)는 부검출(不檢出)${\sim}0.047ppm$이였으며, 검출시료(檢出試料)의 평균(平均)은 0.032ppm이었다. parathion은 1점(點)의 시료(試料)에서만 0.003ppm으로 검출(檢出)되었다. 5) 본(本) 조사결과(調査結果)에서 대상농작물(對象農作物)인 국내생산(國內生産) 과실채(果實菜) 소중(蔬中) 유기린계(有機燐系) 농약(農藥)의 잔유량(殘留量)은 국내외(國內外)의 잔류허용기준(殘留許容基準)에 훨씬 미달(未達)되는 수준(水準)이었으며 그 잔유량(殘留量)도 세정(洗淨)이나 조리과정(調理過程)에서 상당한 량(量)이 제거(除去)될 것으로 생각되므로 실제(實際)로 인체내(人體內)에 섭취(攝取)되는 잔유농약(殘留農藥)의 량(量)은 극소(極小)한 것으로 판단(判斷)된다.