• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.575-584
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in recognition of brand and advertisement image according to the advertisement expression forms of domestic make-up cosmetics. This study was conducted by means of a questionnaire survey of female which age from twenties to the thirties. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency distribution, Percentage, mean, factor analysis, and paired t-test by the SPSS program. The results of this study were as follows. The brand and advertisement image of domestic Make-up cosmetics were classified into seven factors. : Of good quality, high-toned, modern, chic, unique, familiar, stimulative brand and advertisement image. The brand image and advertisement image recognition didn't correspond in general except HERCYNA and ETUDE.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.453-466
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the origin of make-up and the beginning of 'Yoenji' cosmetics. The result of this study is as follows: 1. The origin of make-up can be summarized as being originated from the sexual display to maintain tribes and incantatory religion for their existence. The reason for the preference to Yeonji in make-up is that Yeonji has a characteristic of red in color, which seems to hold effective for the sexual display of human beings. 2. The origin of Yeonji (焉支; Safflower) was from Egypt, but its inception as a cosmetic product was with Huns. 'Yeonji' was a term of Hungro race, and was also called Unji (焉支), Yeonji (燕支), Inji (姻支), Urji (閼氏), following the similarity of the sound. These terms were not only the interpretation of the Hunnish sound into Chinese, but also allegorical expression. Unji (焉支), Yeonji (燕支), and Inji (姻支) meant Safflower. Urji(閼氏) meant 'Empress' or 'Wife,' which was pronounced Yeonji (燕支) and Asi (閼氏).

• 복식
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.128-138
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to identify the effects of body satisfaction and self-esteem on the make-up degree of middle and high school girls. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection from 432 students. The results were as follows: 1) Most of middle and high school girls were in height of 161-165cm and weight of 56-60kg. Satisfaction level of middle and high school girls with their eyes was the highest and that of weight was the lowest. They showed strong intention to modify their appearances and were dissatisfied with their body. 2) Middle and high school girls' satisfaction level of home life self-esteem was the highest, but that of school life was the lowest. 3) Middle and high school girls used cosmetics to protect their skins and paid much attention to their skins. They collected cosmetics informations from their friends or family members, and began to use point make-ups from their middle school years. They purchased cosmetics at cosmetic specialty store or internet shopping mall frequently. Most of them spent less than 10,000 won monthly for cosmetics, and used lip gloss and ultraviolet rays interceptors over their face with basic cosmetics. 4) Expenditures for cosmetics, self-esteem on their appearances, and pocket money affected on make-up degree. Middle and high school girls who spent more money for cosmetics and more pocket money with higher self~esteem on their appearances showed higher degree of make-ups.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.157-169
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze clothing fashion leadership and make-up fashion leadership of women's university students and investigate the relationships of information sources and ongoing information search. To achieve the purposes, a questionnaire was conducted to 400 female students from September 21 to October 30, 2011. The final data was analyzed with spss 17.0 program. The results were follows. First, It was found that information sources were classified 3 factors of marketer source, personal source, and mass media source. Second, there were significant differences of clothing fashion leadership and make-up fashion leadership by major and clothes and cosmetics purchasing expenses. Third, there were significant differences of clothing information sources and ongoing information search by major and clothes and cosmetics purchasing expenses. Forth, there were significant differences of make-up information sources and ongoing information search by major and clothes and cosmetics purchasing expenses. Fifth, there were significant relations of clothing/make-up fashion leadership, information sources, and ongoing information search. Thus, it was found that clothing fashion leadership and make-up fashion leadership are related to information sources and ongoing information search.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.425-437
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• 2006

The focus of this study is on the diffusion and aspects of Yoenji make-up in China. The diffusion of Yoenji make-up into China was achieved by Zhuang-Kun's departure for the West of China, after Emperor Moo of Han Dynasty defeated the Huns (B.C. 121). The Yoenji make-up is basically used as a unique sign and from the result of excessive development from the facial beauty point in accordance with luxurious Court culture and opening door of culture. It can diversely express kinds, names, ways, types and patterns, places and bodily parts, the colors of materials for use, and time zones of a make-up.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify the variables influencing consumers' deal proneness. The data were collected from 385 college female students living in Daegu, Korea via self-administered questionnaires and were analyzed by frequency, factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha},\;X^2-test$, t-test and stepwise regression analysis. The results of the study were as follows: 1) There was found significant differences of demographic variables between domestic and imported cosmetics' consumers. 2) Deal proneness which were Consumers' responses to sales promotion were classified into six factors which were mileage proneness, display proneness, gifts proneness, sample/coupon proneness, sweepstakes proneness, make-up show proneness. 3) Domestic cosmetics' consumers who had higher gift proneness, sample/coupon proneness, mileage proneness had significantly positive influence on the buying experience of promoted cosmetics. Imported cosmetics' consumers who had higher sample/coupon proneness and lower make-up show proneness had significantly positive influence on the buying experience of promoted cosmetics.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.63-83
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• 2011

This study aims to prove the changes, development and social background of Korean male cosmetics over the period of 2000-2010. There were total 574 articles written about male make-up and cosmetics in Chosun Daily, Joongang Daily and Donga Daily, which are the top three Korean local daily newspapers in terms of sales revenue for that period. These articles were analyzed together with social background research from various books and daily newspapers. The analysis of articles was divided into different categories; such as foundation cosmetics, color cosmetics, hair, and the social background. It was found that the articles related to foundation cosmetics were written the most, the articles related to male appearance management were second, articles on other items including how to manage the skin being the least. As for the social background of Korean male cosmetics, first of all, a change in social recognition can be pointed out. The traditional understanding of gender roles has changed, men's appearance management has started to be regarded as a competitive talent, and at the same time, the esthetic viewpoint for men also has changed. One example is the newly made popular term, "flower-handsome man", which shows the new trend of favoring males with nice skin. Second, the expansion of mass culture can be pointed out. As consumers can get information and fashion trends easier and faster, the fashion spreads fast, and this has led to the generalization and popularization of the sense of beauty. Third, the development of scientific technology and medical science can be pointed out. Thanks to the progress in those areas. the extension of youthfulness has become possible and the cosmetics industry was also affected greatly, as shown in the market spread of functional products for anti-ageing and wrinkle control as the interest in anti-ageing has grown. There are benefits from the development of scientific technology, but the problem of environmental pollution has appeared due to machinery and industrialization and thus the issue of well-being has been raised. Rising interest in naturalism, pro-environmentalism and organic cosmetics has influenced the cosmetics industry. In addition, the quantity of ultraviolet rays exposed to our skin has increased due to the air pollution caused by the destruction of environment, leading to increased usage of sun block lotion. Lastly, the influence of consumer society and the expansion of consumerism culture can be pointed out. In the modern society, consumption acts not only as the use of products and services but it also has an important role of mediating individuals with others and the society. The market for male cosmetics has been expanding and the number of men putting on make-up has been increasing rapidly. Therefore, this study is meaningful in that the analysis of the mode of change and the social background are an essential process in order to provide a direction for the future market for male cosmetics.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권11호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze the use and satisfaction on cosmetics of middle- and old-aged women with well-being pursuit disposition. A survey was conducted from January 20 to February 10 in 2006. The statistical analysis methods used to analyze the 393 middle- and old- aged female subjects were frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, crosstab, and multiple regression analysis. First, middle- and old-aged women were using functional cosmetics for wrinkle and whitening as well as skin lotion, moisture lotion and nutritive cream. They applied basic skin make-up only or partial make-up on the eyes and lips. Second, the well-being pursuit disposition factors were determined to be eco-friendly pursuit disposition, economical pursuit disposition, and health pursuit disposition. The well-being pursuit disposition factors had an effect on satisfaction of basic cosmetics. While the economical pursuit disposition factor had an effect on satisfaction of colored cosmetics. Third, the clusters from well-being pursuit disposition were determined to be wellbeing unconcerned group, eco-friendly concerned group, economical concerned group, and health concerned group. The proportion of subjects applying basic and colored cosmetics was high in health concerned group.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.106-121
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to classify the attitudes toward fast fashion into groups and analyze the differences of the self-consciousness, and make-up behavior by groups. Questionnaires are being administered from 179 high school girls living in Deagu metropolitan City. Frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncant-test, and ${\chi}^2$-test are all used for data analysis. Our findings are as follows. The attitude toward fast fashion shows a significant correlation with the sub-variable self-consciousness and make-up behavior. Attitude toward fast fashion is being categorized into convenience focus, fashion focus, design focus, and season focus. Self-consciousness is social self-consciousness, social anxiety, private self-consciousness, and private anxiety. Make-up behavior is positive effect, fashion leader, and conformity. Attitude toward fast fashion is classified into three groups: disposability, fashionability, and low interest of fashion. The groups show a significant difference in the self-consciousness, and make-up behavior. Groups display no distinctions between the sub-variables in the actual conditions of cosmetics such as a first time for make-up and frequence of visit.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.107-128
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• 2001

The objectives of this study were to classify the consumer group based on the lifestyle traits of cortege women, to examine the demographic characteristics of each group, and to find out the differences of buying and using behavior of cosmetics among each group. The survey was conducted and 392 samples were analyzed by SPSS package program. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The lifestyle types were clasified 4 groups. They were named 'Progressive fashion pursuing type' 'Reality adaptable living-satisfaction type','Traditional frugal faithful type','Passive living-unconcern type'. 2. The demographic characteristics of each lifestyle group showed meaningful differences according to the following variables ; major, average monthly pocket money, religion, living standard, educational level and occupation of the head of a family. 3. The buying behavior of cosmetics(the degree of product involvement, information search behavior, product choice criteria, store choice criteria) showed meaningful differences among each lifestyle group. 4. The using behavior of cosmetics( the motive of make-up, the extent of make-up, average monthly cosmetics expenditure) showed meaningful differences among each lifestyle group.