• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.1 s.49
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• pp.127-134
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• 2005

This study is to identify the psychological effect of make-up, to examine women's tendency toward make-up and to figure out relationships between their psychological properties and its functions. This study has verified that makeup has a positive effect on their interpersonal relationships, psychological reaction and self- confidence as well as it meets their fundamental aesthetic needs. And further studies about psychological reason why they wear makeup need to be made. Makeup has an effect on their looks and it has a psychological effect of being able to decorate and move their mind. finally, it is anticipated that the study for psychological approach to makeup could contribute on the study for positive makeup treatment.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.336-342
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of media on makeup and hairdressing behavior. The data collected for this study were gathered through questionnaire survey with 443 female students in Seoul. The first study focus is on makeup behavior. The ANOVA test reveals that those exposed to magazine show higher level of concern with makeup compared to those exposed to other types of media. Using logistic regression method, we find that those exposed to magazine or those with positive body image are more likely to take makeup course. The next focus is on hairdressing behavior. The ANOVA test reveals that those exposed to magazine show more frequent use of hair salon. They also spend more money on hairdressing. The regression analysis also shows that those exposed to magazine or those with sexual attraction visit hair salon more frequently than others.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.5 s.114
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• pp.99-111
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• 2007

The purpose of this study were to identity face satisfaction and make-up behavior according to their lifestyles of middle aged women. The subjects were 350 women of 40 - 59 years old. The results of this study were as follow: 1. Lifestyle factors of middle aged women were self confidence, leisure activities, interests in appearance, economical efficiency, conservatism, and value-orientation. They were classified into four types of dignified & appearance interested group, passive stagnated group, unconfident & economic group, and value-oriented & leisure group according to their lifestyles. 2. They were satisfied with their eyes, lips, and eyebrows, but not satisfied with face tone, face shape, and skin texture. Total face satisfaction level was over average. The face satisfaction level of dignified & appearance interested group and value-oriented & leisure group were higher than other groups, but that of passive stagnated group was the lowest. 3. They pursued internal beauty and natural makeup, and did not follow trendy colors. Dignified & appearance interested group pursued characteristic, elegant, changeable, and various make-up colors, but value-oriented & leisure group pursued more various, changeable, and trendy colors. They did not prefer trendy products because of high price. Dignified & appearance interested group and unconfident & economic group were highly price-oriented, but value-oriented & leisure group purchased trendy products. 4. Dignified & appearance interested group included working women with not much income, but passive stagnated group included low-educated and non-working women. Unconfident & economic group included low-educated non-working women with not much income, but value-oriented & leisure group included highly-educated working women with high income.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.107-128
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• 2001

The objectives of this study were to classify the consumer group based on the lifestyle traits of cortege women, to examine the demographic characteristics of each group, and to find out the differences of buying and using behavior of cosmetics among each group. The survey was conducted and 392 samples were analyzed by SPSS package program. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The lifestyle types were clasified 4 groups. They were named 'Progressive fashion pursuing type' 'Reality adaptable living-satisfaction type','Traditional frugal faithful type','Passive living-unconcern type'. 2. The demographic characteristics of each lifestyle group showed meaningful differences according to the following variables ; major, average monthly pocket money, religion, living standard, educational level and occupation of the head of a family. 3. The buying behavior of cosmetics(the degree of product involvement, information search behavior, product choice criteria, store choice criteria) showed meaningful differences among each lifestyle group. 4. The using behavior of cosmetics( the motive of make-up, the extent of make-up, average monthly cosmetics expenditure) showed meaningful differences among each lifestyle group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.2 no.2 s.2
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• pp.34-47
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to investigate the perception of males about make-up and the make-up process, analyze principal factors affecting their decision when purchasing cosmetics and, ultimately, to provide basic data for further survey and research into features of cosmetics and their satisfaction. The subjects of the study a.e male adults living in Jeonju, Iksan and Gunsan cities of Jeonbuk province. Surveyors made direct interviews with the subjects from October 21 to 30, 2003 and collected 174 questionnaires from them, which were subsequently put to the final analysis. The demographic characters of the surveyed showed that 60.9% of them were in the age ranging 30 to 39, 75.3% married, 69.5% undergraduates or graduates, 39.1% self-employed, 25.9% earning more than 3.01 million Won monthly and 43.7% spending less than 10,000 Won a month for cosmetics. Their make-up and purchasing pattern of cosmetics featured that 54.0% of the surveyed use cosmetics for skin care, 54.0% for cleanness and health, 84.5% for foundation(lotion or skin lotion) only, and 60.9% once a day. Out of the surveyed males, 79.3% haven't experienced any adverse side effects after make-up. Of those who experienced, 80.5% named disagreement of cosmetics with skin for the reason. As for kind or symptom of the side effects, 38.8% set forth itching. Among those who had aftermath or intoxication from make-up, 52.8% said they could recover naturally. According to the survey, 57.5% felt somewhat awkward after make-up, but not quite bad though. Thirty-seven point nine percent of the males surveyed replied they cared little about the purpose of male-oriented cosmetics. Quality was raised by 31.0% as the foremost issue to improve. Television turned out to be the main source for 56.9% of the surveyed to get information about cosmetics. For 56.35%, general discount shops are preferred to buy cosmetics and 24.7% of them take ones recommended by salespeople. When buying cosmetics, 47.1% considered color and fragrance most seriously.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.2 s.161
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• pp.206-216
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the cosmetic purchasing behavior influenced by make-up preference images, and the orders of importance in the cosmetic store selection. The questionnaires were given to female residents in the ages between $20{\sim}45$ in Seoul and Kyung-gi province. 322 questionnaires were used for data analysis. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 10.0 software with various techniques such as Frequency analysis, Factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ reliability analysis, Paired t-test, ANOVA test and Duncan test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. After investigating how the make-up preference image influences the selection of the off-line cosmetic store, it was found out that the personal service, shopping convenience, and product composition had significant differences. 2. After investigating how the make-up preference image influences the selection of the on-line cosmetic store, it was found out that only the product composition had significant difference. 3. After studying the factors that influence the off-line cosmetic store selection, it was found that the personal service was considered most important. After studying the factors that influence the on-line cosmetic store selection, it was found that the price was considered most important.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.175-189
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• 2012

This paper examines the effect of star-entertainer imitation on female high school students in terms of their appearance management activities such as school uniform modification behaviors, hair style care behaviors, and make-up behaviors. For this research, data of 379 female high school students living in Jeollabuk-do was analyzed through reliability analysis, factorial analysis, cluster analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and cross-tabulation analysis. In the research, based on the type of star-entertainer imitation, the female high school students were divided into three categories: active followers, psychological followers, and passive followers. The research showed that active followers, who exhibited imitation behavior most frequently and had the highest imitation desire, were most frequently involved in school uniform modification. Inclined to imitate the school uniform styles of star-entertainers in soap operas, they modified their school uniforms. The active followers were also enthusiastic about hair care, were well aware of trendy hair styles, and demonstrated a fondness for star-entertainer hair styles. In addition, they were actively involved in make-up activities. They put on basic make-up everyday and exhibited a desire to learn about make-up styles. However, passive followers, who showed the least frequent imitation behavior and the lowest imitation desire, were not as keenly involved in school uniform modification behaviors, hair style care behaviors, or make-up behaviors. The study concludes that by providing teenagers with systematic education on desirable mass media and educating them on proper behavior, an effective educational tool for guidance on clothing habits can be derived.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.1 s.43
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• pp.35-45
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of make-up attitude, self-esteem and body satisfaction on clothing behavior. The data was collected from 356 female college students in Seoul. For data analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, stepwise multiple regression and t-test were used. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Five factors of make-up attitude were identified: pursuit of confidence, aesthetics, sociality, fashion and attractiveness. 2) Five factors of make-up attitude had Positive correlation related to clothing behavior i. e. aesthetics, exhibition, dependence and sexual attractiveness. 3) The aesthetics and dependence of clothing were influenced by pursuit of confidence, aesthetics, sociality and fashion. The exhibition of clothing was influenced by pursuit of confidence, pursuit of aesthetics and self-esteem. The sexual attractiveness of clothing was influenced by self-esteem, pursuit of aesthetics, attractiveness and fashion. 4) There was significant difference between the group of high self-esteem and low self-esteem on aesthetics and sexual attractiveness of clothing. 5) There was significant difference between the group of high body satisfaction and low body satisfaction on sexual attractiveness of clothing.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.85-97
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• 2018

For a further understanding of the Chinese consumer, this study investigated 1) the effects of aesthetic consciousness on make-up attitude, and 2) the differences in the effect of aesthetics consciousness on make-up attitude among age groups. An online survey was conducted on female consumers belonging to the post-80s and 90s generations, living in Xian China. SPSS 24.0 and Amos 18.0 was used for data analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis for the research variables were performed and three factors of aesthetic consciousness (social relations consideration, internal consideration, and external consideration), and four factors of make-up attitude (psychological pleasure, self-satisfaction, consciousness of others, and tool of transformation) were identified. The results from the model test were : 1) aesthetics consciousness was found to vary depending on make-up attitude. Social relations consideration had a positive effects on psychological pleasure, self-satisfaction, and tool of transformation. Internal consideration had a positive effect on self-satisfaction and tool of transformation, and a negative effect on psychological pleasure. External consideration had positive effects on all four factors of make-up attitude. 2) In the post-80s participants, social relations consideration and external consideration had positive effects on all four factors of make-up attitude. Internal consideration s had a negative effect on consciousness of others and a positive effect on tool of transformation. In the post-90s participants, social relations consideration had positive effects on psychological pleasure, self-satisfaction, and tool of transformation. Internal consideration had positive effects on psychological pleasure and self-satisfaction.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.799-807
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examined which the pursuing image, make-up and hair style desire on their wedding day and how the future brides managed their appearance for the wedding. This qualitative research was based on the data collected by in-depth interviews with 15 brides in their 20s, 30s and 40s who reside in Daegu and Gyeongbuk. The results of the study are shown follow: The images that the brides most pursued for the wedding day were elegant images and refine images. The favorite wedding-dress styles of brides were elegant, refine, lovely, classical, and natural style in order of preference. The design of the dress was top priority when selecting the wedding-dress and it was followed by the function that complements anyones' shape. The brides liked natural style wedding make-up most and refine and young one followed. They considered eye make-up most important after skin expression, that is, covering defects of their skin. Concerning wedding hair styles, an up-style which is typical for wedding is desired most and a natural flowing hair style second. Regarding fitness, they mainly took physical exercise and went on a diet which is not unreasonably harsh.