• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.5
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• pp.127-163
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• 2003

This thesis analyzes the Chapter "Hoyeonjigi(浩然之氣)" of Mencius(孟子), using text linguistics theory and reading theory of Korean. In this process the model of macro-structure #1∼5 are presented, according to Vandijk′s rules of macro-structure; Auslassen, Selektierne, Generalisieren, Konstruieren odor Integrieren. As a result, this certifies; First, macro-structure could make arbitrarily a several steps of macro-structure by types of text or purpose of analysis. Second, macro-structure applies various cognitive mechanisms of outer world as well as inner world. Third, a text with profound symbolism could be figured as a two-or threefolded symbolic structure. At the same time, macro-structure enables the clearer analysis of the content of the Chapter to verify the following; first, Hoyeinjigi itself is the best measure of developing "Imperturbable Mind(不動心)" Second, benevolence-righteousness(仁義) and wisdom(智) would be reached by cultivating Hoyeonjigi. Third, Mencius′ own view of language is well expressed in "Jieon(知言)", which is not only a condition for Imperturbable Mind, but also the Oriental view of language focused especially on listening in terms of language usage, not language analysis. This Mencius′ view of language has a thread connection with that of Oriental′s.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.315-334
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• 2015

This study's primary aim is to check the existence of a representative volume element for granular materials and determine the link between the properties (responses) of macro structures and the size of the discrete particle assembly used to represent a constitutive relation in a two-scale model. In our two-scale method the boundary value problem on the macro level was solved using finite element method, based on the Cosserat continuum; the macro stresses and modulus were obtained using a solution of discrete particle assemblies at certain element integration points. Meanwhile, discrete particle assemblies were solved using discrete element method under boundary conditions provided by the macro deformation. Our investigations focused largely on the size effects of the discrete particle assembly and the radius of the particle on macro properties, such as deformation stiffness, bearing capacity and the residual strength of the granular structure. According to the numerical results, we suggest fitting formulas linking the values of different macro properties (responses) and size of discrete particle assemblies. In addition, this study also concerns the configuration and displacement fluctuation of discrete particle assemblies on the micro level, accompanied with the evolution of bearing capacity and deformation on the macro level.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.479-486
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• 1986

It is necessary to consider a rotor movement in dynamic analysis on the flux distribution of electric machinery by FEM. Therefore, if air-gap domain was subdivided into triangular elements, computation results contain errors due to variation of element shape in air-gap because the nodal points corresponding to the rotor are displaced in analyzing domain for the time difference. In order to reduce this errors, the paper presents a application of a Macro Air-gap Element that interpolation function is obtained analytically and a means to join it with linear triangular elements in the rotating machine or in the linear machine. At the end of paper, setting up analytic domain model, it compares analytic solution with the computation results of Macro Air-gap Element appliction and that of linear triangular element subdivision only to each cases of nodal displacement. And it carries out that errors due to variation of element shape are reduced effectively by application of a Macro air-gap element.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.133-156
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• 2014

In general, quantity results of empirical analysis using model shows how much big performance policy has. Therefore this is useful to evaluate a policy. This paper composed macro economic model based on Bank of Korea's quarterly model and annual model, that estimates performance of overseas oil and gas development project to Korean economy in aspect of quantity. In this model, we estimated each effect in real GDP, current account, unemployment rate, CPI and exchange rate carried by recovered amount from overseas oil and gas development project. The recovered amount was evaluated in currency coming from oil and gas acquired from overseas oil and gas development project. Macro economic model of this paper benchmarked macro model composed by Bank of Korea(1997, 2004, 2012). We reviewed model robustness using statistical suitability of each equation and historical simulation for from 1994 to 2011. The recovered amount of overseas oil and gas development project has positive effect in every macro economic index except CPI and exchange rate. Economic effect to macro economic index become bigger with time because the recovered amount of overseas oil and gas development project are increasing until now. Although empirical results of economic effects in every year from the recovered amount of overseas oil and gas development project are different, as of 2011, empirical results showed that the recovered amount of overseas oil and gas development project increase 2.226% and 0.401% in current account and real GDP respectively. And it also decrease 0.489%p in unemployment rate. Exchange rate to US dollars also decrease in amount of 0.379%.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.75-80
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• 2020

This study verified the moderating effect of brand familiarity and openness in the relationship between micro and macro-national image in Chinese market and brand attitude. The research methods used in this study based on previous studies, a research model was established, related research hypotheses were set up, and Chinese consumers were selected as survey subjects to conduct surveys and data collection, and the suitability test and research hypothesis of the model were verified. As a result of this study, Micro and macro-national image had a positive effect on brand attitude, brand familiarity and openness had no moderating effect on micro-national image, and macro-national image had a moderating effect on macro-economic image. The results of this study provide implications for companies in Korea, the United States, and Japan, which have close relations with China in the Chinese market, to utilize various business strategies.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.569-579
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• 2011

Reinforced concrete walls subjected to cyclic loading show complicated inelastic behaviors varying with aspect ratio, re-bar detail, and loading condition. In the present study, a macro model for nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete walls was developed. For exact prediction of inelastic flexure-compression and shear behaviors, the macro model of the wall was idealized with longitudinal and diagonal uniaxial elements. The uniaxial elements consist of concrete and re-bars. Simplified cyclic models for concrete and re-bars under uniaxial loading was used. For verification, the proposed model was applied to slender, lowrise, and coupled walls subjected to cyclic loading. The results showed that the proposed method predicted the nonlinear behaviors of the walls with reasonable precision.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.12
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• pp.55-67
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• 2010

The electrical properties of a back drilled via-hole (BDH) without the open-stub and the plated through via-hole (PTH) with the open-stub, which is called the conventional structure, in a high-count multi~layered (HCML) printed circuit board (PCB) were investigated for a high-speed digital system, and a selected inner layer to transmit a high-speed signal was farthest away from the side to mount the component. Within 10 GHz of the broadband frequency, a design of experiment (DOE) methodology was carried out with three cause factors of each via-hole structure, which were the distance between the via-holes, the dimensions of drilling pad and the anti-pad in the ground plane, and then the relation between cause and result factors which were the maximum return loss, the half-power frequency, and the minimum insertion loss was analyzed. Subsequently, the empirical formulae resulting in a macro model were extracted and compared with the experiment results. Even, out of the cause range, the calculated results obtained from the macro model can be also matched with the measured results within 5 % of the error.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1594-1599
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• 2008

Haptic rendering is a process that provides force feedback during interactions between a user and an object. This paper presents a haptic rendering technique for a telemanipulation system of deformable objects using image processing and physically based modeling techniques. The interaction forces between an instrument driven by a haptic device and a deformable object are inferred in real time based on a continuum mechanics model of the object, which consists of a boundary element model and ${\alpha}$ priori knowledge of the object's mechanical properties. Macro- and micro-scale experimental systems, equipped with a telemanipulation system and a commercial haptic display, were developed and tested using silicone (macro-scale) and zebrafish embryos (micro-scale). The experimental results showed the effectiveness of the algorithm in different scales: two experimental systems applied the same algorithm provided haptic feedback regardless of the system scale.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.81 no.2
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• pp.131-146
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• 2022

This study highlights the accuracy of several single strut models to predict the global response of infilled reinforced concrete (R/C) frames. To this aim, six experimental tests are selected to calibrate the numerical modeling. The width of the diagonal strut is calculated using several macro models from the literature. The mechanical properties of the diagonal strut are determined by using two methods: (a) by subtracting the bare frame response from that of the infilled frame, and (b) by calculating the axial strength in the diagonal direction. A combination between the different width and the axial force models is carried out to study the effects of each parameter on global response. Non-linear pushover analyses are conducted using SAP2000. The results indicate the accuracy of the macro-modeling approach to predict the behavior of the infilled frames.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-60
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• 1995

The distribution of economic activity over a mutually exclusive and exhaustive categorical industry-region matrix is modeled as a composition of two random components: the probability-like share distribution of jobs and the dynamic evolution of absolute aggregates. The former describes the individual activity location choice by comparing the predicted profitability of the current industry-region pair against that of all other alternatives based on the available information on industry-specific, region specific, or activity specific attributes. The latter describes the time evolution of macro-level aggregates using a dynamic reduced from model. With the seperation of micro choice behavior and macro dynamic aggregate constraint, the usual independence and identicality assumptions become consistent with the activity share distribution, hence multi-regional industrial migration can be represented by a set of probability evolution equations in a conservative Markovian from. We call this a Micro-Macro Composition Approach since the product of the aggregate prediction and the predicted activity share distribution gives the predicted activity distribution gives the predicted activity distribution which explicitly considers the underlying individual choice behavior. The model can be applied to interesting practical problems such as the plant location choice of multinational enterprise, the government industrial ploicy to attract international firms, and the optimal tax-transfer mix to influence activity location choice. We consider the latter as an example.