• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2022

Maca roots (Lepidium meyenii) are an important medicinal herb that have long been used by the Andes-indigenous peoples and South Americans. In Korea, recently, it has attracted attention as a health food material because of nutritional values and physiological activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the industrial applicability of maca (red and golden varieties; R&G) as immunostimulating materials. In the macrophage stimulating assay using RAW 264.7 cells at 125~500 ㎍/mL of non-cytotoxicity doses, G-HW showed the most potent production of TNF-α, IL-6 and nitric oxide compared to red maca or the other extracts. The general component analysis results showed that all extracts comprised more than 90% neutral sugars with small amounts of uronic acid and protein. Meanwhile, component sugar analysis showed the difference in the content of uronic acids of cold- and hot-water extract. Additionally, the further fractionation of G-HW into crude polysaccharide (G-CP) greatly enhanced the macrophage stimulating activity, and G-CP contained macromolecules over 144 kDa, comprised mainly of glucose and galacturonic acid (51.0 and 34.9%). In conclusion, crude polysaccharide from maca showed industrial applicability as immunostimulating material, and especially golden maca showed higher macrophage stimulating activity than red maca.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2001.04b
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• pp.747-750
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• 2001

직전자수가 2개인 nongroup CA 중 전이행렬의 최소다항식이 $x^d$(x+1)인 선형 MACA의 행동을 분석하고 그 tree를 구성하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 또한 선형 MACA의 0-tree에서 0이 아닌 상태를 여원으로 갖는 또 하나의 MACA의 행동을 밝혔다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.669-677
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to develop a functional drink using maca extract, and to evaluate the latter's antioxidative activity during storage. Maca extract was added in five different content percentages (0, 8, 16, 24, and 32%), and the physicochemical properties were investigated. The pH of the control drink was lower than that of the drink to which maca extract was added. The $^{\circ}Brix$ increased with the increasing amount of maca extract. The Hunter L value decreased while the yellowness (b) value increased as the maca extract level increased. The results of the consumer acceptance test showed that no significant differences in overall acceptability were observed between the control and the 8%-, 16%-, and 24% maca-added drinks. Therefore, it is suggested that up to 24% maca extract can be added to drinks without depressing the quality. The changes in the total polyphenol content, DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory effect were monitored during storage at 4 and $37^{\circ}C$ for four weeks. The results showed that there was a gradual decrease in the total polyphenol content and antioxidant activities after four-week storage, and the drinks containing maca extract exhibited a smaller decrease in antioxidant activity than did the control drink. Moreover, microbial growth was not shown during the same periods.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.153-157
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• 2008

Maca (Lepidium meyenii) has been used as a food and medicine in Peru for thousands of years. More recently a wide array of commercial maca products have gained popularity as dietary supplements with claims of anabolic and aphrodisiac effects. Even though the biologically active principles of maca are not fully known, the lipidic extract of maca tubers containing macamides showed promising physiological activities. In this study, the lipidic extract were collected from maca tubers by using supercritical carbon dioxide ($SCO_2$). Substance estimated as macamide in the extract was isolated and purified by preparative HPLC with recycling system. Two of the purified substance was identified as N-benzyl-5-oxo-6E,8E-octadecadienamide and N-benzylhexadecan amide by LC/MS, $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR analyses.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2020

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the Ultrasonication-Assisted (UA) extraction on the functionality of the herbaceous biennial plant maca (Lepidium meyenii). The specific objectives include comparison of the antioxidant activities among various maca extracts, determination of the macamide B content of the extracts, and in vitro evaluation of maca on cell viability and creatine kinase (CK) activity. The antioxidant activities of the water, ethanol, and UA extracts were compared by determining the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the extracts. The macamide B content of maca extracts were analyzed by HPLC. The effects of the extracts on muscle cell viability and creatine kinase activity were also determined using C2C12 myoblasts. UA extraction significantly increased the total phenolic content (2.90 GAE ㎍/mg, p < 0.05), without affecting the flavonoid content. DPPH radical scavenging activity did not exhibit any statistical difference among the extracts. The ethanol and UA extracts exhibited significantly higher FRAP than the water extract (p < 0.05). The macamide B content of ethanol and UA extracts were 0.087 and 0.083 ㎍/mg, respectively. The water and UA extracts exhibited higher C2C12 muscle cell viability than the ethanol extract, and both extracts resulted in a significantly lower CK level than the H₂O₂-treated control group. This research suggests that the maca extract can protect muscle cells and serve as an antifatigue agent under oxidative stress conditions.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.315-320
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• 2010

Classifying multi-class pattern plays an important role in grouping of records in database systems, detection of faults in the VLSI circuits and so on. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for the construction of multi-class pattern classifier with minimum memory capacity using MACA(Multiple Attractor Cellular Automata) and the subspace concept for given multi-class patterns.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.375-378
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 선형 MACA의 0-트리의 한 경로를 기본 경로로 하여 나머지 다른 트리를 구성하고 여원벡터를 선형 MACA의 하나의 상태로 해석하였을 때 상태전이그래프에서 놓이는 위치에 따라 선형 MACA로부터 유도된 여원을 갖는 CA의 모든 트리를 구성하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 주어진 전이행렬과 여원벡터를 가지는 additive CA의 트리를 구성함에 있어 보다 빠르게 구성할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.264-267
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• 2008

Many researchers have studied synthesis method of 90/150 group CA. However, there is a lack of researches for synthesis method of 90/150 nongroup CA. In this paper we report some interesting properties of 90/150 multiple-attractor CA in which all of the cycles are of unit length. 90/150 multiple-attractor CA is a class of nongroup CA. And we propose a construction of 90/150 single-attractor CA. Also we construct 90/150 multiple-attractor CA derived from 90/150 single-attractor CA.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.365-370
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• 2001

In this paper, we analyze behavior of complemented CA derived from a linear Two-Predecessor MACA(TPMACA) and obtain the state-transition diagram of complemented CA by using a basic path in the 0-Dee of a linear TPMACA.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.851-854
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• 2015

수중음파통신은 물속에서 지상과는 달리 음파를 사용하여 통신한다. 또한 제한된 전력과 자원을 사용하기 때문에 최소한의 연산으로 본래의 목적을 수행해야만 하는 조건이 따른다. 따라서 수중음파통신에 보안을 적용하기 위해서는 기밀성과 안전성도 중요하지만 무엇보다 가용성을 고려한 보안설계가 중요하다. 본 논문은 제한된 전력과 자원 환경에서 동작하는 수중음파통신용 MAC 프로토콜에 가용성이 부각할 수 있는 LEA 블록암호알고리즘의 적용방안을 논하고자 한다. 또한 기존의 AES(Advanced Encryption Standard)와 ARIA(Academy, Research Institute, Agency) 블록암호알고리즘과의 성능분석을 통해 LEA의 우수성과 수중음파통신에 적합성을 보이고자 한다.