• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.19-29
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• 2001

This study was carried out to examine the recovery of forest ecosystem at the burned areas of coniferous (Mt. Chosdae) and broad leaved forest (Samsinbong in Mt. Chiri) by investigating the changes of forest vegetation. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. In the Samsinbong, the total number of species appeared at the burned area were 5 species at tree layer, 11 species at sub-tree layer and 24 species at herb layer, and at the unburned area were 5 species at tree layer, 14 species at sub-tree layer, 18 species at shrub layer and 23 species at herb layer, respectively. In the Mt. Chosdae, the total number of species appeared at the burned area only showed to 83 species at herb layer, and at the unburned area were 7 species at tree layer, 13 species at sub-tree layer, 21 species at shrub layer and 46 species at herb layer, respectively. 2. In the soil chemical properties of the burned area of Samsinbong, pH was 5.8, and contents of Organic matter, Total nitrogen, Available $P_2O_5$, Exchangeable $K^+$, Exchange $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ and Exchange $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ were 7.42%, 0.73%, 28.5mg/kg, 1.3me/100g, 13.3me/100g and 2.2me/100g, respectively. But they showed a tendency to decrease by passing the time. In the soil chemical properties of the burned area of Mt. Chosdae, pH was 5.3, and contents of Organic matter, Total nitrogen, Available $P_2O_5$, Exchangeable $K^+$, Exchange $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ and Exchange $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ were 6.42%, 0.25%, 24.4mg/kg, 0.7me/100g, 3.7me/100g and 2.1me/100g, respectively, and they also showed a tendency to decrease by passing the time. 3. An the burned and unburned areas of Samsinbong, the total evolved amounts of soil respiration were $4,049.1mg/m^2/h$ and $9,950.0mg/m^2/h$, respectively. An the burned and unburned areas of Mt. Chosdae, the total evolved amounts of soil respiration were $4,392.4mg/m^2/h$ and $8,286.5mg/m^2/h$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.6 s.117
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• pp.657-669
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• 2006

Rates and processes of bare patch denudation were observed at Janggumokoreum(1,710m) and Minoruem(1,600m) in order to clarify some characteristics of turf exfoliation in the subalpine grassland of Mt. Halla. The bare patches have marginal terrace fronts with a maximum height of 85 cm. The terrace risers usually develop an overhanging edge 2 to 38 cm long that eventually hangs down and protects the riser beneath. The patches are largely covered with angular pebbles and cobbles. The mean rate of riser retreat for the period 2002-2004 is 39.2 mm, equivalent to 19.6 mm/yr. However, there is a disparity of the rate of riser retreat at individual sites. The maximum rate is 131 mm measured at Janggumokoreum patch while the minimum rate is 0 mm at Minoreum patch. The rate of riser retreat also varies with seasons. The thawing season of April exhibits a maximum rate of retreat. The freezing season of October and November and the rainy season of June and July show relatively high rates of retreat. Several Processes such as frost action, aeolian deflation, rainwash, rainsplash and fauna activity cause the denudation of bare patches. In particular, the needle ire action which is combined with rainwash or deflation plays a primary role in turf exfoliation due to the diurnal freeze-thaw cycles occurred over 100 days, melted snow and strong wind in the subalpine zone of Mt. Halla. Rainwash is also an important contributing process in the rainy season because Mt. Halla has the highest precipitation in Korea. By contrast, rainsplash erosion has a minor effect on the bare patch denudation due to the overhanging edge of terrace risers. Recent increase in roe deer appears to be responsible for turf destruction.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 2007

Di-(ethyhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), commonly used as a plasticizer for manufacturing flexible vinyl products, has been the topic of extensive research, especially concerning endocrine disrupting properties. Metallothionein (MT) is a low molecular weight (6,000$\sim$7,000 Da), cysteine-rich (22$\sim$23%), metal-binding protein and is known to be induced by extrinsic factors such as chemical agents and stresses. Some of the known function of MT include detoxification of heavy metals and alkylating agents and neutralization of free radicals. Nonetheless, the definitive physiological function of MT are still unknown. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of DEHP on the ultrastructural changes and the expression of MT of the rat liver. The rats were orally intubated with either corn oil (experimental control) or 0.5 mg, 1.5 mg and 4.5 mg DEHP kg$^{-1}$ day$^{-1}$ in 0.5 mL of corn oil for 15 days before sacrificing and sampling. DEHP induced mild ultrastrctural changes of some cell organelles such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes and peroxisomes in the rat liver treated with DEHP. In the respect of immunogold labelling and Western blotting, MT expression of the liver tissue was up-regulated by DEHP. In conclusion, DEHP has effects on the ultrastructures and hepatic function for MT expression in rat.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 1987

This study was carried out to inverstigate the oribatid fauna at Mt. Moak near Chonju, Korea. Samples were taken from 4 sites at the north sides, 200, 300, 500 and 600 above sea levels and south sides, 200, 400, 600, and 700m above sea levels. The results were as follows: Oribatid mites of 37 families, 62 genera, 118 species were collected in this study. Numbers of species were less at high level than at low level sites. Species diversity index was less at high level than at low level sites, and less at the south than at the north side. Species similarity index indicated that there are two types, i.e. "high sea level type", and "low sea level type" at Mt. Moak. According to the MGP analysis-I, most of the sites belonged to "Type G". "Group M" and "Group P" appeared more in the lower level sites.up P" appeared more in the lower level sites.ites.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1688-1695
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• 2016

The maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region is widely used for exploring genetic relationships and for investigating the origin of various animal species. Currently, domestic ducks play an important role in animal protein supply. In this study, partial mtDNA D-loop sequences were obtained from 145 samples belonging to six South-East Asian duck populations and commercial duck population. All these populations were closely related to the mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos), as indicated by their mean overall genetic distance. Sixteen nucleotide substitutions were identified in sequence analyses allowing the distinction of 28 haplotypes. Around 42.76% of the duck sequences were classified as Hap_02, which completely matched with Anas platyrhynchos duck species. The neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree also revealed that South-East Asian duck populations were closely related to Anas platyrhynchos. Network profiles were also traced using the 28 haplotypes. Overall, results showed that those duck populations D-loop haplotypes were shared between several duck breeds from Korea and Bangladesh sub continental regions. Therefore, these results confirmed that South-East Asian domestic duck populations have been domesticated from Anas platyrhynchos duck as the maternal origins.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.335-339
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• 1998

The factors affecting the isolation and culture of the protoplast of embryogenic callus, derived from immature ovule in Citrus junos, were examined. An incubation time in enzyme solution of 16 hrs was preferable for protoplast isolation. Efficient protoplast yields were obtained from the treatment of equal concentration of 0.7 M $\textrm{BH}_{3}$ to the enzyme solution containing 1.0% cellulase, 1.0% macerozyme and 0.2% pectolyase. Protoplast cultured in MT medium with 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D showed vigorous division and some of them formed callus. Induced callus was subcultured on solid MT medium but the callus showed very slow growth. The above results show the possibility to culture from protoplast fusion in Citrus genera.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.23-28
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to procure basic data to be used for solar power plant and concentrating collector designs. Site elevation is one of the major factors which influences the incoming insolation to the earth surface. Because the nonpermanent gases such as ozone, water vapor are unmixed components of the atmosphere and their concentrations are the function of height, the site elevation effects the relative proportion of the atmospheric constituents. We have measured solar radiation on Jiri Mt. (1,400m) and in Gurye area(115m) at the near same latitude. These values were then compared to obtain their characteristics and to investigate the potential for the solar utilization for both high and low elevated areas. From the experimental results, we concluded that 1) Daily mean horizontal global radiation and normal beam radiation on Mt. Jiri are 9.5%, and 35.3% higher than Gurye area respectively for a clear day. 2) A significant difference in atmospheric clearness index is observed between Mt. Jiri and Gurye areas.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.310-323
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• 2008

This study was to establish the floristic composition of vascular plants of Mt. Hwangjang (1,077.3m). Floristic composition of vascular plants were conducted during April 2006${\sim}$August 2007. Vascular plants were composed of 97 families, 257 genera, 357 species, 5 subspecies, 42 varieties and 9 formae, totaling 413 taxa. Among the investigated resources plants, 6 taxa were Korean endemic species. The special plants based on floral region by Ministry of Environment (2006) were 55 taxa. A naturalized plants were 15 species, correspond to 5.2% of totaling 290 species (Kim and Lee, 2006) appeared in South Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.5_2
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• pp.501-518
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• 1998

Mt. Paektu(2,749.6m)m the biggest mountain in Northeast Asia, located on the border line of Korea and China is characterized as an aspite with broad gentle mountain area and rich biota. however, it seems that the study of forest vegetational feature or vegetation zones in the whole area of this mountain is not yet sufficient in spite of contribution by many investigators. in this paper thermal climatic approach was carried out for the determination of vegetation zones of the mountain with the meteorological data of four stations including Cheonjj and various vegetational data. the application of Warmth Index and/or coldness Index(Kira 1977) for the determination of forest vegetation boundary was useful also here, and their boundaries largely coincided with those of thermal indicies obtained in the Korean Peninsula(Yim and Kira, 1975), including the lapse rate of air temperature along increasing elevation. However, in the mountain the boundary of vegetation zones in not clear like those of mountains in Korea. It may be due so the topographic differences between this area and the Korean Peninsula. Besides, the broad ecotones between different vegetations in this area support the vegetation continum concept rather than the unit concept, and the limit of timber line or tree line reflects various hypothesis(Steven and fox 1991). Therefore, for the explantion of vegetation zone of this area should be considered topography or soil condition, for example, as known the hierachy of ecological units (zonobiomes, orobiomes and pedobiomes, Walter, 1973).

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.367-374
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• 2021

This paper presents the characteristics of gentamicin-loaded into cetyl trimethyl ammonium intercalated montmorillonite (GtM/CTMA/Mt) as a hybrid composite for a slow-released antibacterial delivery systems. The work describes the successful immobilization of gentamicin into the interlayers of surfactant-modified montmorillonite. Physicochemical characterization of the material is carried out by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The kinetics of the gentamicin release is investigated by in vitro study and analyzed based on UV-Vis spectrometry. In addition, antibacterial study is performed towards Klebsiella pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus pyogenes. The results show that the gentamicin loading into CTMA/Mt increases the effectiveness of the antibacterial activity, as shown by the higher inhibition zone for all tested bacteria, compared to gentamicin as a positive control. The kinetics study suggests that the gentamicin release obeys the modified Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The physicochemical study and activity test demonstrate the feasibility of the GtM/CTMA/Mt for practical applications.