• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제35권8호
• /
• pp.1250-1257
• /
• 2022

Objective: Low fat duck meat sausages were prepared by replacing the fat in the formulations with soy protein isolate (SPI) and inulin to find the best formulation having superior shelf-life without affecting its quality attributes. Methods: Four sausage mix formulations were prepared viz.control (0% SPI and inulin), T₁ (2.5% inulin), T₂ (2.5% SPI), and T₃ (2.5% SPI+2.5% inulin) replacing duck fat as per the recipe. Five batches of duck meat sausages of each formulation were prepared, and the final products were evaluated for physico-chemical, organoleptic, and microbiological qualities. Results: The % moisture and crude protein content of the sausages revealed an increasing trend (p<0.01) from control to the treated formulations, while the % total ash contents were found to be non-significant (p>0.05). On the contrary, the per cent ether extract decreased significantly (p<0.01) from the control to the treated groups. In terms of calorie value, control samples exhibited the highest values with a significant (p<0.01) regression from control to treated formulation, respectively. The colour profile study (L, a^*, b^*) of the formulations were found to be non-significant. Texture profile study in terms of springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and resilience revealed no significant difference in all the treatment groups except the hardness scores, which revealed a significantly (p<0.01) increasing trend from control to the treated formulations. The total viable count showed a significant decrease in the treated groups. However, there was a significant increase in the bacterial load during the storage till day 15th. The total viable psychrophilic bacterial count showed a significant (p<0.01) increase in bacterial load from day 5th to 15th day of storage. Colititre counts were negative for all the formulations until the 15th day of storage. Conclusion: The present study results may conclude that duck meat sausages could be prepared satisfactorily by replacing duck fat with SPI and inulin at the rate of 2.5% of each with superior quality attributes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제55권2호
• /
• pp.240-249
• /
• 2022

본 연구에서는 인간 유방암 세포 라인인 MDA-MB-231 세포에서 GD에 의해 EVs분비 억제에 의한 항암효과를 처음으로 확인하고자 하였다. MDA-MB-231 세포에 GD를 처리하였을 때 농도 의존적으로 세포의 증식률을 억제하는 것을 MTT assay를 통해 확인할 수 있었으며, ROS 염색과 apoptosis marker 단백질인 p-JNK단백질의 증가를 통해 GD에 의한 세포의 증식 억제 효과가 세포사멸에 의한 것임을 유추할 수 있었다. 또한 wound-healing assay, 세포 침윤 및 VEGF 농도를 측정한 결과 GD가 암세포의 이동, 전이 능력을 억제하는 것을 확인하였다. Nanosight를 통해서 MDA-MB-231 세포에서 분비되는 대조군 EVs 및 GD에 의해 변화된 EVs의 사이즈를 확인하였다. 마지막으로 GD를 처리한 MDA-MB-231 세포에서 분비된 EVs보다 GD를 처리하지 않은 대조군에서 분비된 EVs의 단백질 및 particles수가 유의적으로 감소하는 것을 확인을 하였다. 그리고 GD가 MDA-MB-231 세포에서 EVs분비를 감소시키는 것을 대표적인 exosome marker인 TSG101, CD63의 발현 감소로 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 인해 GD가 암세포의 EVs 분비를 감소시켜 암세포의 성장 및 전이를 억제하였음을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 GD가 인간 유방암 세포인 MDA-MB-231 세포의 EVs 분비를 억제하는 효과가 있음을 제시하고 있다. 따라서 GD가 유방암의 화학요법 약물로 작용할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 융합정보논문지
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.199-205
• /
• 2021

본 연구는 매염제인 황산아연(ZnSO4)의 피부독성을 배양 피부세포주인 SK-MEL-3 세포를 재료로 산화적 손상측면에서의 조사와 함께 ZnSO4의 독성에 대한 멍석딸기(RP)의 영향을 항산화와 미백효과 측면에서 알아보았다. 본 실험을 위하여, 세포생존율, DPPH-라디칼 소거능 및 melanin합성 저해능을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 ZnSO4는 농도 의존적으로 세포생존율을 유의하게 감소시켰으며, XTT50값이 173.3 uM로 중간 독성으로 나타났다. 또한, 항산화제의 일종인 ascorbic acid는 ZnSO4에 의하여 손상된 세포생존율을 유의하게 증가시켰다. 한편, ZnSO4의 독성에 대한 RP 추출물의 영향에서, RP 추출물 처리는 유의한 세포생존율의 증가와 함께 DPPH-라디칼 소거능과 melanin합성 저해능을 통하여 항산화와 미백효과를 나타냈다. 결론적으로, RP 추출물과 같은 천연성분은 향후 항산화제와 미백제로서의 대체물질 개발에 있어 활용적 가치가 클 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.9-19
• /
• 2022

Objectives : Angelicae Gigantis Radix (AG) is a plant of the Ranunculus family. AG have been reported to have various pharmacological effects on human health which include uterine growth promotion, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immune enhancement. However, research on dermatitis disease is insufficient. Therefore, we investigated the effects of AG on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/interferon-γ (IFN-γ) stimulated HaCaT cell. Methods : To investigate the effect of AG on HaCaT cell, HaCaT cells were pre-treated with AG for 1 hour and then stimulated with TNF-α/IFN-γ. After 24 hours, media and cells were harvested to analyze the inflammatory mediators. Concentration of human interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and TNF-α in the media were assessed by ELISA. mRNA expression of human thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), IL-6, and IL-8 were analyzed by RT-PCR. Additionally, the mechanisms of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway were investigated by Western blot. Results : The treatment of AG inhibited gene expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TARC and protein expression levels of IL-1β, MCP-1, and GM-CSF. Also, AG significantly reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and NF-κB translocation in TNF-α/IFN-γ stimulated HaCaT cell. Conclusions : Taken together, these results demonstrate that AG can alleviate inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis by regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Also, it suggest that AG may a promising candidate drug for the treatment of inflammatory disease such as atopic dermatitis.

• 운동영양학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.34-43
• /
• 2020

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to assess changes in blood glucose level, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness after a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in elderly women aged over 65 years with hypertension and either normal glycemic control, impaired fasting glucose tolerance, or diabetes mellitus. We also wished to investigate the relationship between stages of diabetes and physical fitness. [Methods] A total of 24 elderly women with hypertension were assigned to a control group (CON; n=7), impaired fasting glucose group (IFG; n=9), and diabetes mellitus group (DM; n=8). In each group, blood glucose level, brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV), and blood pressure were measured at baseline as well as 60 and 120 minutes after a 75 g OGTT. Physical fitness factors such as hand grip strength, balance test, 4 m gait speed test, chair stand test, short physical performance battery, and 6-minute walking test were subsequently assessed. [Results] In all three groups, blood glucose levels were significantly increased at 60 and 120 minutes after a 75 g OGTT. In the DM group, blood glucose levels were significantly higher before and after a 75 g OGTT than in the CON group. In the CON group, PWV was significantly increased at 60 minutes after a 75 g OGTT; however, there were no changes in other groups after glucose ingestion. In the CON group, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly decreased at 60 and 120 minutes after a 75 g OGTT compared to baseline. However, there was no change in blood pressure after ingestion in the DM group. The IFG group had greater grip strength than the CON group; however, there were no differences in other variables between the groups. [Conclusion] After a 75 g OGTT, elderly women with hypertension and diabetes maintain higher blood glucose levels compared to those with hypertension alone. Unlike elderly women with hypertension alone, those with hypertension and diabetes did not show changes in arterial stiffness and blood pressure after a 75 g OGTT. Therefore, elderly women with hypertension and diabetes may not be able to control their blood vessels following a 75 g OGTT due to impaired vascular endothelial function. Moreover, there was no association between diabetes stage and physical fitness in elderly women with hypertension.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제54권3호
• /
• pp.209-216
• /
• 2022

발효된 황매화의 상업적 사용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 항산화능 실험과 세포 독성, 항염능 실험을 실시하였다. 항산화능 실험에는 DPPH 실험, ABTS 실험, polyphenol 농도 측정, flavonoid 농도 측정을 실시하였다. polyphenol과 flavonoid 농도 측정에서는 발효군이 대조군에 비해 높은 농도를 나타내어, 발효를 통해 추출물의 유효성분 및 추출 수율을 높인다는 것을 확인하였다. DPPH, ABTS에서는 대조군에 비해 발효군의 항산화능이 높은 것을 확인하였다. 이는 S. fibuligera가 발효 과정에서 생산해 낸 효소에 의해 황매화의 세포벽 연화와 유기산과 에탄올 생성에 의한 추출 수율 증가에 의한 요인으로 생각된다. 항염능 실험에서는 세포 독성과 항염능을 알아보았다. 세포독성의 경우 대조군과 발효군 모두 낮은 세포독성을 보였으며, 염증 전달 물질인 NO 생성 억제능의 경우 발효군이 대조군에 비해 통계적으로 유의한 수준의 항염능 증가를 보였다. 염증성 cytokine인 IL-1β, IL-6의 농도를 측정한 결과 200 ㎍/mL 농도에서 각각 48.1±6.2%, 30.4±2.2%의 억제효과를 나타내었다. 이를 통해 발효 황매화가 염증 억제를 위한 물질로서 사용가능함을 보였다.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.216-223
• /
• 2022

Objectives: Oxidative stress plays a key role in chronic and acute brain disorders and neuronal damage associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) and other neurodegeneration symptoms. The neuroprotective effects of berberine and Berberis vulgaris (barberry) root extract against apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in the human SH-SY5Y cell line were studied. Methods: The methanolic extraction of barberry root was performed using a maceration procedure. Oxidative stress was induced in SH-SY5Y cells by H₂O₂, and an MTT assay was applied to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of berberine and barberry root extract. The cells were pretreated with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of each compound (including berberine, barberry root extract, and H₂O₂), and the anti-apoptotic effects of all components were investigated using RT-PCR. Results: The SH-SY5Y cell viability increased in both groups exposed to 75 and 150 ppm barberry extract compared with that in the H₂O₂-treated group. The data showed that exposing SH-SY5Y cells to 30 ppm berberine significantly increased the cell viability compared with the H₂O₂-treated group; treatment with 150 and 300 ppm berberine and H₂O₂ significantly decreased the SH-SY5Y cell viability and was associated with berberine cytotoxicity. The mRNA levels of Bax decreased significantly under treatment with berberine at 30 ppm compared with the control group. A significant increase in Bcl-2 expression was observed only after treatment with the IC₅₀ of berberine. The expression level of Bcl-2 in cells exposed to both berberine and barberry extracts was also significantly higher than that in cells exposed to H₂O₂. Conclusion: The outcomes of this study suggest that treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with barberry extract and berberine could suppress apoptosis by regulating the actions of Bcl-2 family members.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.120-128
• /
• 2022

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are a basic component in the electronics industry and are widely used in nearly all electronic products, such as mobile phones, tablet computers, and digital cameras, as well as in electric equipment. PCB manufacturing involves the use of many chemicals and chemical processes and therefore has more risks than other manufacturing sectors. This study aims to identify the causes of possible accidents during PCB manufacturing through risk assessment, develop and implement safety measures, and evaluate the effectiveness of these measures. Note that the safety measures developed to mitigate the risks of a certain process were also implemented for other similar processes. The risk assessments conducted over seven years, from 2015 to 2021, at a PCB manufacturing company identified 361 hazardous processes. Between 2016 and 2019, 41-56 hazardous processes were identified per year; such processes decreased to fewer than 20 per year after 2020. Application of the risk assessment results to the improvement of the hazardous processes with the similar characteristics seems to be effective in decreasing the risks. Equipment-related factors such as lack of appropriate maintenance, low work standards, and defective protection devices were responsible for 59.8% of all possible accidents. Because PCB manufacturing involves many chemicals, skin contact with hazardous substances, electric shock, fire, and explosion were the most common types of possible accidents (81.7%). In total, 505 safety measures were implemented, including 157 related to purchase and improvement of equipment and devices for safety (31.1%), 147 related to the installation/modification of fire prevention facilities (29.1%), and 69 related to the use of standard electrical appliances (13.7%). Risk assessment conducted after implementing the safety measures showed that these measures significantly decreased risk; 247 processes (68.4%) had a risk level of 3, corresponding to "very low," and 114 processes (31.6%) showed a risk level of 4, corresponding to "low." In particular, risk assessment of 104 processes with risk scores of 12 and 10 other processes with risk score of 16 showed that the risk decreased to 4 after implementing the safety measures. Thus, implementing these measures in similar manufacturing sectors that involve chemical processes can mitigate risk.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.72-85
• /
• 2022

목적 : 본 연구는 발달성협응장애 아동을 대상으로 인지기반 작업수행 중재의 목표 활동, 중재 방법 및 중재 효과, 평가도구에 관한 정보를 수집하고 분석하여 중재 효과에 대한 근거를 제시하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 2012년 1월부터 2022년 10월까지 게재된 논문을 대상으로, PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Cochrance Library 데이터베이스를 이용하여 검색하였다. 검색어는 ('developmental coordination disorder' OR 'DCD') AND ('Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance' OR 'Cognitive Orientation to Occupational Performance' OR 'CO-OP')이었다. 검색된 211편 중 선정기준과 배제기준에 따라 총 7편의 논문을 선정하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 : 대상 문헌은 무작위 대조군 연구가 2편, 비무작위 두 집단 연구가 1편, 비무작위 한 집단 연구가 3편, 단일 대상 연구가 1편으로 전반적으로 근거 수준이 높게 나타났다. 중재의 목표 활동은 놀이, 교육, 일상생활활동 영역 순으로 선호도가 높았다. 인지기반 작업수행 중재는 대부분 한 회기에 1시간씩, 10회기로 진행하였으며, 작업수행과 운동기술에 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 중재의 효과는 주로 Canadian Occupational Performance Measure(COPM)과 Performance Quality Rating Scale(PQRS)을 이용하여 작업수행 향상을, Movement Assessment Battery for Children(MABC)를 이용하여 운동 기술 향상을 평가하였다. 결론 : 본 연구는 발달성협응장애 아동의 인지기반 작업수행 중재 적용에 있어 임상적 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한방비만학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.125-135
• /
• 2022

Objectives: A restrospective chart review were conducted to investigate the overall weight loss effect of the integrated Korean medicine treatment on obese patients (body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m²) in Korean medicine clinic and analyze the difference in the effect according to lifestyle behaviors. Methods: The medical records of 43 obese patients were retrospectively analyzed including body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and body composition who received integrated Korean medicine treatment for 4 weeks at 24 Korean medicine clinics in Daejeon metropolitan city. All outcome measures were evaluated again 8 weeks after the end of treatment at week 12 for follow-up. EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D), the Korean version of the obesity-related quality of life scale (KOQOL) and patient's satisfaction were also evaluated. The analysis was divided according to the treatment period and observation period, and subgroup analysis was performed according to drinking and exercise habits. Results: Body weight, body fat, waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat were significantly reduced at week 4 and week 12. Theses weight reduction effects were significantly greater within treatment period (0 to 4 week) than observation period (4 to 12 week). Especially in the non-exercise group, the changes in body fat mass and body fat percent showed a significant difference between the treatment period and the observation period. KOQOL were also significantly improved at 12 week, but not in EQ-5D. No severe adverse events were observed. Conclusions: The integrated Korean medicine treatment could be effective to treat obesity including weight loss. It is necessary to prevent additional weight regain through regular exercise even after Korean medicine treatment.