• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.193-201
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• 2003

Mastoparan B (MPB), an antimicrobial cationic peptide isolated from the venom of the hornet Vespa basalis, is a basic amphipathic α-helical peptide composed of fourteen amino acid residues. In this study, we have investigated the algicidal effect of MPB against harmful algae blooms (HABs) casative Alexandrium tamarense, Chattonella marina, Cochlodinium polykrikoides and Gymnodinium catenatum. The algicidal effect of MPB showed in the concentration of 31.3 $\mu{g}$/mL to 500 $\mu{g}$/mL against 4 HAB species and observed cell lysis or cell ecdysis by microscopy. MPB reacted more sensitive to C. marina and C. polykrikoides than A. tamarense and G. catenatum. The algicidal study of MPB against HABs will provides much insight into development of new algicidal substances.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2005

Objective: Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that intracisternal administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rt-PA) can facilitate the normal clearing of blood from the subarachnoid space. Urokinase, a first generation fibrinolytic agent, has been used to liquify such clots with some success. Therefore, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, a second generation fibrinolytic drug that may be safer and more effective, is studied to evaluate its dosage to lyse clots in vitro and reactivity in the brain parenchyme. Methods: Intracerebral hematomas were created by stereotactically injecting 2ml of clotted autogenous blood into the brain parenchyme of total 28 anesthetized adult cats (weighting 3.8 to 4.1 kg). The control animals (group A) received 1 ml of normal saline injected into the clots and the experimental animals received each 0.1 mg of rt-PA (group B), 0.5mg of rt-PA (group C) and 1 mg of rt-PA (group D) at 6 hours after the clot injection. Results: 1. The amount of remained clots after lysing the hematomas were as follows: $1.80{\pm}0.17ml$ in group A, $1.65{\pm}0.23ml$ in group B, $0.61{\pm}0.37ml$ in group C and $0.52{\pm}0.34$ in group D. The result indicated that hematomas in rt-PA treated groups (C & D) were lysed better than the control group. 2. At least 0.5mg of rt-PA should be required for the lysis of 2ml of hematomas. 3. Light microscopic examination revealed no histological evidence of hemorrhage in tissue sections from each brain. Conclusion: Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator may be safely and effectively employed for the lysis of intracerebral hematomas in animal model.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.3-9
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• 1988

Infrared (IR) spectroscopic techniques for the analysis of wood samples and the absorbance spectra of solid woods were presented. KBr pellets were prepared by throughly mixing approximately 300 mg of dried KBr and 1 mg of finely milled wood powder extracted with ethanol-cyclohexane previously. This mixture was made into a transparent disc by means of a pellet-making die (10 ton/$cm^2$ for 10 min). This IR techniques were applied for the analysis of archaeological wood samples. The most notable difference in the IR spectra between the recent and the archaeological waterlogged woods is that the absorption band centered at $1,730cm^{-1}$ was significantly diminished in the waterlogged ones. Total loss of absorption in $1,730cm^{-1}$ might be mainly due to the result of hemicellulose degradation. Another feature indicated by IR spectral comparision are that the degraded waterlogged wood samples showed 1) the increased intensity of the 1,600, 1,500 and $1,270cm^{-1}$ due to the residual lignin and the increased intensity at 1,470 and $1,425cm^{-1}$ due to the degradation of hemicellulose and 2) to the emergence of single band around $1,050cm^{-1}$ instead of three bands at 1,110, 1,060 and $1,040cm^{-1}$ in recent wood due to the degradation of cellulose crystalline. It was revealed from the IR examinations that the first change of wood in the waterlogged situation was the lysis of hemicellulose and the second the lysis of cellulose. It was also suggested that IR spectroscopy could serve a fast method for the investigation on the chemical characteristics of archaeological wood samples.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 2006

The rat is an accepted model for studying human psychiatric/neurological disorders. We provide a protocol for total soluble protein extraction using trichloroacetic acid/acetone (TCA/A) from rat (female) whole brain, 10 brain regions and the pituitary gland, and show that two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) using precast immobilized pH (4-7) gradient (IPG) strip gels (13 cm) in the first dimension yields clean silver nitrate stained protein profiles. Though TCA/A precipitation may not be "ideal", the important choice here is the selection of an appropriate lysis buffer (LB) for solubilizing precipitated proteins. Our results reveal enrichment of protein spots by use of individual brain regions rather than whole brain, as well as the presence of differentially expressed spots in their proteomes. Thus individual brain regions provide improved protein coverage and are better suited for differential protein detection. Moreover, using a phosphoprotein-specific dye, ingel detection of phosphoproteins was demonstrated. Representative high-resolution silver nitrate stained proteome profiles of rat whole brain total soluble protein are presented. Shortcomings apart (failure to separate membrane proteins), gel-based proteomics remains a viable option, and 2-DGE is the method of choice for generating high-resolution proteome maps of rat brain and brain regions.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.115-126
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• 1983

The results that the effect of 6 detergents on the structural changes and biochemical composition of bacterial membrane of Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus are as follows ; 1. Population growth of the bacteria was increased in case of the treatment with palmitoyl carnitine and sodium deoxy cholate but was increased in case of the treatment with palmitoyl carnitine and sodium deoxy cholate but was decreased by sodium dodecyl sulfate and palmitoyl choline, in E.coli and was decreased by palmitoyl carnitine and palmitoyl choline at the low concentration, in B. cereus. 2. The electron micrograph showed that cell wall lysis or cell collapse were observed in the treatment of sodium dodecyl sulfate and palmitoyl choline, and also cell wall was condensed by triton X-100 and sodium deoxy cholate, in E.coli. And in B. cereus, endospore formation of the bacteria was stimulated by palmitoyl choline, and cell lysis or structural changes of the membrane were observed in the treatment of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium cholate, and triton X-100, respectively. 3. As to the effect of detergent on the biochemical composition of biomembrane, the content of carnitine, in E.coli, and B.cereus, the content of structural protein and phospholipid were decreased by treatment of sodium dodecyl sulfate and structural protein was denatured by palmitoyl choline. 4. The profile of membrane protein revealed that the bacterial membrane were composed of various proteins. By dint of this result, some of membrane proteins were solubilized or changed to small molecules by the treatment of sodium dodecyl sulfate and palmitoyl choline, in E.coli and membrane protein of the biomembrane by treatment of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium deoxy cholate, palmitoyl choline, and palmitoyl carnitine were confirmed to be different profile as compared with those of the control, in B. cereus. Therefore, it is suggested that sodium dfodecyl sulfate and palmitoyl choline soulbilized biomembranes or inhibited membrane transport and that palmitoyl carnitine and sodium deoxy cholate were used as an energy source or stimulating the membrane transport, in E.coli. And, it is suggested that all of detergents were inhibited biomembrane synthesis, expet saponin, in B.cereus.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2004

Apidaecin Ⅰb, an antimicrobial peptide isolated from lymph fluid of the honeybee (Apis mellifera), is a basic non-helical peptide composed of eighteen amino acid residues. In this study, we have investigated the algicidal effect of Apidaecin Ⅰb against harmful algae blooms (HABs) causative Alexandrium tamarense, Chattonella marina, Cochlodinium polykrikoides and Gymnodinium catenatum. The algicidal effect of Apidaecin Ⅰb showed in the concentration of 12.5 $\mu{g}/mL$ to 50$\mu{g}/mL$ against 4 HAB species and observed cell lysis or cell ecdysis by microscopy. Apidaecin Ⅰb reacted more sensitive to C. marina than A. tamarense, C. polykrikoides and G. catenatum. The algicidal study of Apidaecin Ⅰb against HABs will provides much insight into development of new algicidal substances.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1025-1029
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate whether a DNA comet assay could be applied for identifying irradiated pork and beef. Pork and beef were irradiated with Co-60 gamma rays at 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 kGy, and stored in a freezer Cells separated from the samples were embedded in agarose gel on a slide, dissolved in a lysis solution, and electrophoresed at 2 V/cm for 2.0 min by horizontal electrophoesis. The cells were then stained with a silver staining in order to visualize the DNA using a micro-scope. The DNA fragments of the irradiated cells stretched or migrated out of the cells and formed tails towards the anode, giving the appearance of comets, while unirradiated cells formed very short or no tails. The distance of DNA migration increased with irradiation dose. Since the statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between tail length and irradiation dose, a DNA comet assay could provide not only identification but also estimation of the irradiation dose for irradiated beef and pork.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1628-1634
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• 1999

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the sensitive and specific detection of Listeria monocytogenes was employed by using LM 1 and LM 2 primers which were based on the listeriolysin O gene. The direct use of cell suspension as DNA template, without DNA extraction or lysis step, was suitable and specific enough to detect L. monocytogenes at the level of $10^2$ CFU or less per PCR for the pure culture and milk sample, however, the detection sensitivity became blunt for other food samples such as kimchi and chicken. The nested PCR, in which L-1 and L-2 (both designed from listeriolysin O gene) were employed as inner primers, was specific for detecting L. monocytogenes and enhanced the detection limit by 10 times. The PCR using LM 1 and LM 2 primers was very effective to detect L. monocytogenes from foods in terms of the specificity and time consumed, i. e. within $4{\sim}8\;hrs$ (nested PCR).

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 2006

Sperm-mediated gene transfer(SMGT) can be used to transfer exogenous DNA into the oocyte at fertilization. The main objective of this study was to assess efficiency of transferring mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) fragment into boar spermatozoa in either presence or absence of liposome and quality of transfected spermatozoa. The mtDNA of chicken liver was isolated and purified by phenol and alkaline lysis extraction, and it was inserted to plasmid. The genome of transfected spermatozoa treated with DNase I was purified by alkaline lysis, and then amplified by the PCR analysis. After electrophoresis, DNA quantitation of each well was calculated by comparison of the band intensity with standard. As a result, exogenous DNA was composed of mtDNA fragment(1.2 kb) and plasmid(2.7 kb). On the other hand, efficiency of transfection by liposome($9.0{\pm}0.34ng/{\mu}l$) in SMGT was higher than that by DNA solution($6.9{\pm}0.53ng/{\mu}l$). However, there was no significant difference. Transfering exogenous DNA into spermatozoa was completed within 90 min of incubation. In another experiment, there were significant (p<0.05) differences between transfected spermatozoa using both DNA solution and DNA/liposome completes with unheated spermatozoa for viability ($70.8{\pm}1.80$ and $68.0{\pm}2.16%$ vs. $83.3{\pm}1.69%$, respectively) and motility($78.7{\pm}1.59$ and $79.3{\pm}2.14%$ vs. $86.7{\pm}1.59%$, respectively). This study indicates that exogenous mtDNA can be efficiently transferred into boar spermatozoa regardless of the presence of liposome, and transfected spermatozoa can also use insemination and in vitro fertilization to generate transgenic pig.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.289-296
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• 1985

A simple procedure for rapid isolation of plasmid DNA from lactobacillus species and streptococcus species is described. Lactic acid bacteria were cultured in the TCM broth containing 0.5％ glycine and plasmid DNA was isolated from cells treated with mutanolysin by alkaline-detergent lysis method. Good results for releasing and isolating plasmid DNA from lactobacillus species were obtained by treatment of cells with 30$\mu\textrm{g}$ of mutanolysin per ml at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 5 to 10 min. For the streptococcus species, the optimum conditions were slightly different. The procedure could be used for rapid characterization of plasmid DNA in Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, Streptococcus lactis, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus faecium, and Streptococcus cremoris strains. Using this procedure, plasmids isolated from $1.5m\ell$ cultures could readily be visualized in agarose gel.