• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

The role of respiratory cytology is to detect and classify pulmonary disease, with an emphasis of neoplastic disease, so that proper therapy can be instituted. As in many branches of cytology, the recognition of malignancy in the cells obtained from the respiratory tract is more straightforward than identifying the type of tumor cell. It is important to accurately determine the true cytopathological cell type in cases of primary lung cancer and to know the accuracy of the diagnosis achieved by the cytological procedures. The well differentiated tumors have characteristic cytoplasmic and nuclear abnormalities that enable physicians to firmly categorize these lesions, as in squamous cell or adenocarcinoma, but some moderately and most poorly differentiated tumors show few distinctive features. This article reviews the malignant and reactive pulmonary cytologic findings and we also report on some of their pitfalls and the cytologic criteria.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 1970

Bleomycin is known as a antibiotic agent for malignant tumors especially sguamous cell carcinoma. We have treated 2 cases of malignant tumors, each one esophageal and lung carcinoma with bleomycin, 630 mg and 510 mg respectively. In case of esophageal carcinoma. the subjective symptoms such as dysphagea and swallowing disturbance are temporally relieved, but the irregular filling defect is not significantly changed in esophagogram. In case of lung carcinoma, the atelectasis of right upper lobe on chest X-ray was slightly regressed in its size without effective improvement of subjective symptoms. However, following additional radioactive $^60{Co}$ irradiation therapy (5200r), marked regression of tumor density and aeration of right upper lobe was observed. But 2 weeks later of ceasatioil of irradiatio:J, atelectasis of right upper lobe was again developed. Fever, anorexia, headache and eruption were developed during the treatmeat with bleomycin in both cases but the sign or symptoms of hone marrow depression, renal or liver damage were not noted.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.417-423
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• 2011

Thymosin ${\beta}4$ (TB-4) has been reported to play a key role in tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis. In addition, TB-4 induced the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stabilized the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-$1{\alpha}$ in melanoma cells. Although the importance of thymosin ${\beta}4$ in angiogenesis and metastasis has been proven, there are few studies that show the expression patterns of TB-4, VEGF and HIF-$1{\alpha}$. This study was conducted to analyze the relationship among these proteins in various tumors. Using tissue microarray analysis, we investigated the expression patterns of TB-4, VEGF and HIF-$1{\alpha}$ in various tumors to identify the expression patterns and relationships of these proteins in certain tumors. TB-4 was highly expressed in osteosarcoma, colon adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, kidney and urinary bladder transitional carcinoma, lung cancer, and liver cancer. HIF-$1{\alpha}$ was highly expressed in nasal cavity inverted papilloma, lung cancer, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The expression patterns of TB-4 and HIF-$1{\alpha}$ were almost similar and co-localized. VEGF expression was high in the blood vessels in tumors, but usually not high in the tumors themselves. VEGF was moderately expressed in stomach cancer, liver angiosarcoma, gall bladder adenocarcinoma, and uterus endometrial adenocarcinoma. The expression patterns of VEGF shows similarities in certain tumors including stomach cancer, osteosarcoma, liposarcoma, lung cancer, liver cancer, gall bladder adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, stomach cancer, colorectal carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. These results suggest that the expression patterns of TB-4, HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and VEGF were co-localized and related to tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of certain tumors.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1108-1114
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• 2001

Objective : Prognostic factors of metastatic brain tumors have been widely reported and their operative indications also have been extended gradually even to the poor grade patients. Authors intended to analyze the causative factors for the clinical outcome of metastatic brain tumors, especially with relevant to the poor prognosis by one year follow-up evaluation. Patients and Methods : The authors retrospectively studied the clinical characteristics of 46 cases(35 patients) with metastatic brain tumors among 466 cases(437 patients) which were operated on due to the brain tumor, during the period between January 1994 to June 1999. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 8.0$^{(R)}$. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered clinically significant. Result : Among the variable clinical factors in patients with metastatic brain tumors, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score of less than 70(16 patients), uncontrolled primary tumor(8 patients), and surgical resection without further adjuvant therapy(9 patients) showed statistically significant poor prognosis ; p value of 0.002, 0.032, and 0.001, respectively. Other tested variables, such as old age(greater than 65 years ; 10 patients), gender(male ; 20 patients), type of primary cancer(primary undefined ; 6 patients, lung cancer ; 15 patients), location(infratentorial ; 9 patients, sellar ; 5 patients), number of lesion(multiple ; 12 patients), and number of operation(multiple craniotomy ; 7 patients) were not related to the poor prognosis. Conclusions : The most common primary site of distant metastasis was lung. The poorer prognosis was highly correlated with various factors including low KPS score(<70), no postoperative adjuvant therapy, and uncontrolled primary tumors.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.609-627
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• 1992

The study was carried out to obtain the basic data for types, incidence and histopathological features of the spontaneous tumors of the specific pathogen free (SPF) Ktc : ICR mice bred in a barrier system in Technology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology. One hundred of the mice consisted of 50 males and 50 females were examined for 18 months. 1. The overall incidence rate of spontaneous tumors was 51(51%) of 100 heads tested. The male mice showed slightly higher incidence(28%) than the female(23%), and the incidence rate and the number of affected organs were increased with the increasing age of mice. 2. The incidence rate of primary tumor was 59(59%) of 100 heads tested, consisted of 30 cases (50.8%) of benign tumors and 29 cases(49.2%) of malignant tumors. Among the malignant tumors twenty cases were metastasized to various organs. 3. In tumor incidence rates by systems and organs, the male mice showed the high incidence rate in the liver (18%), hematopoietic system (16% ) and lung (14%), while the female mice, in the hematopoietic system(18%), lung(12%), liver(8%) and uterus(8%). 4. The tumors showing the particularly low incidence rates (<1.0%) were rhabdomyosarcoma in the skeletal muscle, malignant schwannoma in the peripheral nerve, cortical adenoma in the adrenal gland, transitional cell carcinoma in the urinary bladder, tubular cell adenoma in the kidney and adenoma in the pituitary gland and harderian gland.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.10
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• pp.889-897
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• 2020

K-RAS is frequently mutated in human lung adenocarcinomas (ADCs), and the p53 pathway plays a central role in cellular defense against oncogenic K-RAS mutation. However, in mouse lung cancer models, oncogenic K-Ras mutation alone can induce ADCs without p53 mutation, and loss of p53 does not have a significant impact on early K-Ras-induced lung tumorigenesis. These results raise the question of how K-Ras-activated cells evade oncogene surveillance mechanisms and develop into lung ADCs. RUNX3 plays a key role at the restriction (R)-point, which governs multiple tumor suppressor pathways including the p14^ARF-p53 pathway. In this study, we found that K-Ras activation in a very limited number of cells, alone or in combination with p53 inactivation, failed to induce any pathologic lesions for up to 1 year. By contrast, when Runx3 was inactivated and K-Ras was activated by the same targeting method, lung ADCs and other tumors were rapidly induced. In a urethane-induced mouse lung tumor model that recapitulates the features of K-RAS-driven human lung tumors, Runx3 was inactivated in both adenomas (ADs) and ADCs, whereas K-Ras was activated only in ADCs. Together, these results demonstrate that the R-point-associated oncogene surveillance mechanism is abrogated by Runx3 inactivation in AD cells and these cells cannot defend against K-Ras activation, resulting in the transition from AD to ADC. Therefore, K-Ras-activated lung epithelial cells do not evade oncogene surveillance mechanisms; instead, they are selected if they occur in AD cells in which Runx3 has been inactivated.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.269-272
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• 1978

Mucoepidermoid tumors of lung are extremely uncommon, with fewer than 50 such cases having been reported. The degree of tumor malignancy has been discussed by some authors without any definite conclusion. This report describes a case of this, occurred in a 53-year-old female, having a highly malignant process and finally confirmed by postoperative histopathological evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.100-103
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• 2007

Glomus tumors are uncommon soft tissue tumors which usually found in a subungual lesion of hand, producing pain. This uncommon tumors have been reported in other locations, including nasal cavity, stomach, mediastinum, heart, lung, and vagina etc. Especially, it was a very rare case found in an extradigital lesion of foot. Glomus tumors should not be ruled out for an extradigital mass lesion of foot and also any other locations. Although glomus tumors are generally considered a benign lesion, it should be considered that glomus tumors have also reported as a malignant type tumor, even the diagnosis based on histologic features not clinical one.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.201-205
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• 2009

Background: Cryosurgery has been used to treat primary malignant pulmonary tumors at our institute since November 2004. In this study we analyzed our treatment results and complication rates. Material and Method: A retrospective study using medical charts and imaging data was conducted involving 17 patients with a total of 17 malignant pulmonary tumors who were treated between November 2004 and March 2007. Fourteen patients were males and 3 were females. The median age of the patients was 64 years (range, $54{\sim}77$ years). The average size of the tumors was 48.8mm (range, $36{\sim}111mm$) in diameter. The patients were followed with chest CT scans 7 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. PET scans were obtained between 6 and 9 months postoperatively. The treatment response was analyzed according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria. Result: Six months after treatment, 6 tumors (35.3%) showed a complete response, 4 (23.5%) had a partial response, 3 (17.6%) had stable disease, and 4 (23.5%) showed disease progression. In tumors <4 cm in diameter, a complete response was reported in 50% of the tumors. A $x^2$-test showed that in tumors <4 cm in diameter, the p-value for results better than a partial response was 0.034. With respect to procedural complications, there was 1 case of blood-tinged sputum which resolved spontaneously within 1 or 2 days, a spontaneously relieved case of subcutaneous emphysema, and 1 patient with a fever. There were no mortalities and the average hospital stay was 6.3 days. Conclusion: The effects of cryosurgery on primary lung cancer is greatest in patients with small tumors. Considering the facts that cryosurgery is minimally invasive, has a low complication rate, and can be performed repetitively, we believe that it may play an important role in the treatment of high risk lung cancer patients.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.162-163
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• 2013