• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.293-302
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• 2019

In the past, there was a theory that influenza wasn't transmitted directly from birds but was infected to humans via swains. Recently, molecular level research has progressed, and it was confirmed that the avian influenza virus can directly infected to human lung and intestinal epithelial cells. Three pandemicsin the past 100 years were also infected to humans directly from birds. In view of such scientific background, we are developing a method for screening sick birds by monitoring the physiological characteristics of birds in a contactless manner with sensors. Here, the movement of respiratory muscles and abdominal muscles under autonomic innervation was monitored using a magnet and Hall sensor sewn on the thoracic wall, and other multimedia devices. This paper presents and discusses the results of experiments involving continuous periodic noise discovered during flight experiments with a data logger mounted on a Japanese pheasant from 2012 to 2015. A brief summary is given as the below: 1. Magnet and Hall sensor sewn to the left and right chest walls, bipolar electrocardiograms between the thoracic walls, posterior thoracic air sac pressure, angular velocity sensors sewn on the back and hips, and optical reflection of LEDs (blue and green) from the skin of the hips allow observation of periodic vibrations(fasciculations) in the waves. No such analysis has been reported before. 2. These fasciculations are presumed to be derived from muscle to maintain and control air sac pressure. 3. Since each muscle fiber is spatially Gaussian distributed from the sympathetic nerve, the envelope is assumed to plot a Gaussian curve. 4. Since avian trunk muscles contract periodically at all time, we assume that the sympathetic nerve dominates in their control. 5. The technique of sewing a magnet to the thoracic wall and measuring the strength of the magnetic field with a Hall sensor can be applied to screen for early stage of avian influenza, with a sensor attached to the chicken enclosure.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 1988

These studies were taken experimentally to clarify the clinical and histopathological findings of listeriosis in Korean native goat(KNC). Four KNGs of 4 to 5 months of age were inoculated orally or in-travenously (IV) with Listeria monocytogenes isolated from a field case of KNG. 1. On the clinical findings, depression, anorexia and fever were observed in all inoculated goats, and nasal discharge, keratoconjunctivitis and diarrhea in 3 of 4 goats. Highest rectal temperature after in-oculation was 2.5$^{\circ}C$ higher in IV inoculated goats and 1.9$^{\circ}C$ higher in orally inoculated than normal rectal temperature observed before inoculation. Durations of clinical course after inoculation in IV and orally inoculated goats were 5 days and 8 days, respectively. 2. On the gross lesions, swelling of the lymph nodes, hemorrhage and .inflammation of the small intestine and rigor mortis were observed in 4 of 4 goats, and keratoconjunctivitis, hemorrhage and inflammation of the large intestine, swelling of the spleen, pneumonia and hydropericardium in 3 of 4 goats. Congestion of the visceral organs and ecchymosis of the sin in a fetus were observed. Keratoconjunctivitis, hemorrhage of the abomasum, swelling of the lymph node, hemorrhage and inflammation of the small intestine, swelling of the spleen, necrosis of the liver and pneumonia were observed as severe lesions. These lesions were more severe in IV inoculated goats than those in orally inoculated goats. 3. On histopathological findings, focal necrosis found throughout the livers occurred mainly on peripheral areas of hepatic lobules. These necrotic foci consisted of neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, short rod bacteria and necretic hepatic cells. Suppurative pneumonia of the lung, hyperemia, congestion, epithelial necrosis and sloughing of the small and large intestine, swelling in periventricular regions of the central nervous system, swelling of the kidney, spleen and lymph node were observed as listerial lesions.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.507-511
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• 2009

Purpose: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant epithelial neoplasm derived from the salivary glands. In some cases, ACC may arise in other primary sites, such as skin. We report a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma arising the scalp skin of 69 - year - old woman. Methods: A 69 - year - old woman presented with a tender scalp nodule. A local wide excision was performed. Histopathologic examination was revealed the adenoid cystic carcinoma with basaloid cells in a cribriform pattern. The resection margins were free of tumor. Two years later a tumor recurred in the scarred area. The lesion was removed surgically and the histopathological diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma was again established. After two years, tumor recurred again and diatant metastasis of the lung was diagnosed. A surgical wide excision was done and the close regular follow - up for recurrence was done. Two years later, third recurrence of the scalp was observed. We also performed the wide local excision with tumor free margin. Results: We experience the recurrent adenoid cystic carcinoma of the scalp with pulmonary metastasis. We have performed the wide local excision for three times. The patient has been followed up for 10 years with regular work - up for recurrence and metastasis Conclusion: primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare skin neoplasm with a high potential for recurrence after local excision. The standard treatment of ACC is wide local excision with tumor - free margins established by permanent section.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2002

저자들은 객혈을 주소로 내원한 62세 여자환자에서 굴곡성 기관지내시경 조직검사상 확진된 기관지 유두종 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.531-537
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• 1999

The present study was carried out to investigate the pathogenicity and pathogenesis of wild rats(Rattus norvegicus), trapped in nature, intranasally infected with Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV/NYJ-1-87) by histopathology, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization(ISH). Fifteen rats inoculated intranasally were roughened haircoat, anorexia, listlessness, and depression second day after inoculation, and three rats died in 66-72 hours. Eight rats showed severe pruritus at the face that was accompanied by frequent face-washing movements of the forelegs, and then became violent and spasmodic for an hour or until they died. Four rats slowly recovered after showing mild clinical signs of the disease. Microscopic lesions in infected rats were characterized by meningitis, perivascular round cell infiltration, focal gliosis, and neuronal degeneration and necrosis. And intranuclear inclusion bodies were frequently detected in the cerebral cortex and medulla. Positive reaction to ADV by immunohistochemistry and ISH were detected in the following areas : trigermimal ganglion, brain, tonsil, nasal mucosa, spleen, lung and liver. The result has suggested that ADV intranasally infected in wild rats is followed by replication in epithelial calls of nasal mucosa and tonsil, then invade local lymph nodes by way of the lymphatics. It is also believed that the virus invades bipolar olfactory cells and trigerminal ganglion; and then spread into central nervous system.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.440-448
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• 1996

Bronchial carcinoid tumors are uncommon, constituting approximately 3-5% of all primary lung cancers. Classification of these tumors has evolved substantially as our understanding of the cellular, biologic, and clinical aspects of these neoplasms has improved. Initially, bronchial carcinoids were thought to be benign and therefore were classified as bronchial adenomas. Currently, however, they are well recognized as having the potential for both local invasion and distant metastatic involvement. Consequently, carcinoid tumors are frankly malignant. Thus bronchial adenoma is a misnomer that should no longer be used for bronchial carcinoids. Most investigators currently favor classifying carcinoid tumors as a type of neuroendocrine neoplasm because of their potential to secrete a variety of chemical substances found in both the central nervous system and the epithelial cells of numerous organs. Bronchial carcinoids are usually characterized by a slow growth pattern and a low incidence of metastasis, and histologically conformed by the azurophil staining and the presence of the characteristic neurosecretary granule on electron microscopy. Atypical carcinoid tumor was first defined by Arrigoni et al, who proposed the following criteria for separation of atypical carcinoid from typical carcinoid tumor : 1) increased mitotic activity with 1 mitotic figure per 1-2 high power fields(or 5-10 mitoses /10 HPF), 2) nuclear pleomorphism, hyperchromatism, and an abnormal nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, 3) areas of increased cellularity with disorganization of the architecture, and 4) tumor necrosis. In contrast, typical carcinoid tumor may have focal cytologic pleomorphism, but necrosis is absent and mitotic figures are rare. Recently we experienced a case of atypical bronchial carcinoid with multiple distant metastasis, so we report this case with a review of the literature.

• Yonsei Medical Journal
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• 제59권9호
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• pp.1079-1087
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• 2018

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are independent risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and their coexistence is known as overlap syndrome (OS). Endothelial dysfunction is the initial stage of CVD; however, underlying mechanisms linking OS and CVD are not well understood. The aim of this study was to explore whether OS can lead to more severe inflammation and endothelial apoptosis by promoting endothelial dysfunction, and to assess the intervention effects of antioxidant tempol. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=66) were exposed to normal oxygen [normal control (NC) group], intermittent hypoxia (IH group), cigarette smoke (CH group), as well as cigarette smoke and IH (OS group). Tempol intervention was assessed in OS group treated with tempol (OST group) or NaCl (OSN group). After an 8-week challenge, lung tissues, serum, and fresh blood were harvested for analysis of endothelial markers and apoptosis. Results: The levels of intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1, and apoptosis in circulating epithelial cells were the highest in OS group and the lowest in NC group. These levels were all greater in IH group than in CH group, and were lower in OST group than in OS and OSN groups (all p<0.001). Conclusion: Synergistic effects of IH with cigarette smoke-induced emphysema produce a greater inflammatory status and endothelial apoptosis. OS-related inflammation and endothelial cell apoptosis may play important roles in promoting cardiovascular dysfunction, and antioxidant tempol could achieve a partial protective effect.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.95-111
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• 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important healthcare problem worldwide. Often, glucocorticoid (GC) resistance develops during COPD treatment. As a classic hypoglycemic drug, metformin (MET) can be used as a treatment strategy for COPD due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, but its specific mechanism of action is not known. We aimed to clarify the role of MET on COPD and cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced GC resistance. Through establishment of a COPD model in rats, we found that MET could improve lung function, reduce pathological injury, as well as reduce the level of inflammation and oxidative stress in COPD, and upregulate expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2). By establishing a model of GC resistance in human bronchial epithelial cells stimulated by CSE, we found that MET reduced secretion of interleukin-8, and could upregulate expression of Nrf2, HO-1, MRP1, and HDAC2. MET could also increase the inhibition of MRP1 efflux by MK571 significantly, and increase expression of HDAC2 mRNA and protein. In conclusion, MET may upregulate MRP1 expression by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, and then regulate expression of HDAC2 protein to reduce GC resistance.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.373-380
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• 2011

We have reported that a 24 kDa protein (22U homologous; As22U) of Anisakis simplex larvae could elicit several Th2-related chemokine gene expressions in the intestinal epithelial cell line which means that As22U may play a role as an allergen. In order to determine the contribution of As22U to allergic reactions, we treated mice with 6 times intra-nasal application of recombinant As22U (rAs22U). In the group challenged with rAs22U and ovalbumin (OVA), the number of eosinophils in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was significantly increased, as compared to the group receiving only OVA. In addition, mice treated with rAs22U and OVA showed significantly increased airway hyperresponsiveness. Thus, severe inflammation around the airway and immune cell recruitment was observed in mice treated with rAs22U plus OVA. The levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 cytokines in the BALF increased significantly after treatment with rAs22U and OVA. Similarly, the levels of anti-OVA specific lgE and lgG1 increased in mice treated with rAs22U and OVA, compared to those treated only with OVA. The Gro-${\alpha}$ (CXCL1) gene expression in mouse lung epithelial cells increased instantly after treatment with rAs22U, and allergy-specific chemokines eotaxin (CCL11) and thymus-and-activation-regulated-chemokine (CCL17) gene expressions significantly increased at 6 hr after treatment. In conclusion, rAs22U may induce airway allergic inflammation, as the result of enhanced Th2 and Th17 responses.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 1996

연구배경: 폐포대식세포가 내독소에 노출되면 이 후 자극에 의해 종양괴사인자, 활성산소 등 독성이 강한 분비물 방출이 더욱 촉진되어 성인성호흡곤란증후군과 같은 각종 폐질환이 초래되는 중요한 기전으로 이해되고 있다. 그러나 문헌에 보고된 내독소에 의한 이런 priming효과는 다형핵백혈구, 단핵세포나 동물의 폐포대식세포를 대상으로 한 결과로서, 인체 폐포내에서의 폐포대식세포, 폐포상피세포 및 내독소의 상호작용을 밝히는 면에서는 한계가 있었다. 방법: 폐포상피세포에서 기원한 폐암세포주인 A549 24-well Linbro plate에 배양하여 세포단층을 형성한 후 기관지폐포세척술로 얻은 사람의 폐포대식세포($10^6/ml$)를 A549세포에 부착시켜 생체내와 유사한 환경을 만들어 실험을 시행하였다. 방법은 A549세포 부착 전후에 내독소(500 ng/ml)로 전처치한 다음 PMA, fMLP로 자극하여 방출된 과산화수소를 nM/well/2hrs 단위로 측정하여 대조군과 비교하였고 아울러 A549세포만종 없이 각 well에 직접 폐포대식세포단층을 형성한 후 동일하게 처치하였으며 결과는 다음과 같았다. 결과: 1) 24-well의 표면에 폐포대식세포단층을 형성한 후 내독소로 처치(n=7)한 경우, 대조군은 무자극군, PMA 자극군, fMLP자극군에서 각각 $9.48{\pm}2.44$, $10.38{\pm}2.34$, $10.28{\pm}2.33$ nM/well/2hrs의 과산화수소 분비능을 보였고 내독소 전처치군은 각각 $9.56{\pm}2.15$, $9.82{\pm}1.80$, $11.31{\pm}2.48$ nM/well/2hrs을 보여 내독소에 의한 priming효과는 없었다. 2) 폐포대식세포를 미리 내독소로 처치한 후 A549세포단층에 부착(n=7)시킨 경우에는 대조군의 과산화수소 분비능은 무자극군 $4.82{\pm}1.59$, PMA자극군 $8.31{\pm}1.67$, fMLP자극군 $7.06{\pm}1.82$ nM/well/2hrs이고 내독소 전처치군은 각각 $4.44{\pm}1.41$, $7.05{\pm}1.64$, $6.32{\pm}1.69$ nM/well/2hrs로서 내독소에 의한 priming 효과는 없었다. 3) 폐포대식세포를 A549세포단층에 부착시킨 후 내 독소로 처치(n=11)하면 대조군은 무자극군, PMA자극군, fMLP자극군에서 각각 $4.33{\pm}1.04$, $7.94{\pm}1.42$, $6.00{\pm}1.22$ nM/well/2hrs의 과산화수소를 분비하였고 내독소 전처치군은 각각 $5.43{\pm}1.19$, $7.56{\pm}1.31$, $6.38{\pm}1.19$ nM/well/2hrs를 보여 A549세포 부착후에도 내독소의 priming 효과는 관찰되지 않았으나 PMA나 fMLP로 자극하지 않은 무자극군에서 내독소 전처치군이 대조군에 비해 과산화수소 분비능의 유의한 증가를 보였다(p<0.05). 결론: 이상의 결과는 사람 폐포대식세포에서 내독소에 의한 priming효과는 없으나 폐포상피세포와의 상호작용에 의해 내독소가 폐포대식세포를 직접 자극함을 시사하는 소견이며 향후 추시가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.