• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2007

This study compares, analyzes and reevaluates color conditions and images before and after the execution of the 7th curriculum with elementary schools in Gwang-ju Metropolitan City based on the fact that color among physical environments of elementary classrooms has an important influence on children's emotion and draws problems and aims to accumulate the basic materials for preparing guidelines of improving color environment at general classrooms of elementary schools. Consequently, according to color conditions, major colors on ceiling and wall were high brightness/nigh chroma of Y and YR line regardless of division of grades and other color factors of classroom showed that wall and ceiling used similar colors, but brightness was higher after change than before it. In evaluation of color images, lower grades showed negative color images such as 'common,' 'rustic,' and 'strange' before change, but they showed positive color images after change such as 'clean,' 'unique,' and 'soft'. But, most of higher grades showed negative reactions before change such as 'common,' 'strange,' and 'rustic' and they showed positive reactions after change only in such items as 'clean,' 'warm,' and 'unique', but Indicated negative reactions in remaining items such as 'strange,' 'rustic,' 'stiff,' and 'artificial'. Accordingly, in using colors for lower grade classroom, arrangement of colors through adjustment of brightness and chroma between ceiling, wall and other components based on coloring of high brightness and low chroma of similar colors should be considered and for higher grade classroom, arrangement of colors of unique images of mid-brightness/mid-chroma among warm color lines of similar colors should be examined.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.442-450
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relation between personality traits and awareness of gender equality. Method: A descriptive survey design was used and 688 students in fifth and sixth grades in 3 elementary schools were selected as participants. Result: 1. Level of gender equality awareness among the students was 2.82. This is higher than average and was most influenced by awareness of family life, followed by awareness in education, work environment and social-cultural life. 2. Students with higher levels of extraversion-introversion had higher levels of awareness of gender equality in family life, work environment, and education. Students with higher levels of tough-mindedness showed lower levels of gender equality awareness in family life and work environment, while those with higher levels of lying showed lower levels of gender equality awareness in social-cultural life. Conclusion: Personality traits and awareness of gender equality were correlated to some degree. However, in order to understand the characteristics of childhood personality traits and the behaviors of our children though the mediation of the gender equality awareness as society changes, and to let them grow with understanding of gender equality, it is essential to implement various kinds of education in families, schools, and the society.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.847-857
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• 2021

최근 국내 학교에서는 코로나-19와 심각한 기후 위기와 관련 환경교육과 빠르게 우리에게 다가온 4차산업혁명 관련 인공지능교육에 대한 관심도가 날로 높아지고 있다. 특히 인공지능교육은 초등학교 5~6학년에 적용될 가능성이 높아 1~4학년과의 연계성 관련 대책이 필요한 실정이다. 또한, 초등학교 저학년은 컴퓨터에 능숙하지 않은 학생들이 많아 현재 사용되는 교구를 사용하기에 많은 제한이 따를 수 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 인공지능교육의 연계성 확보를 위해 초등학교 저학년 대상 인공지능교육 프로그램을 개발하고자 하였다. 프로그램의 주제는 최근 관심도가 높아지고 있는 환경교육 주제를 바탕으로 개발하였다. 교육방법은 초등학교 저학년 학생 발달단계를 고려하여 컴퓨터 없이 놀이와 게임을 활용한 언플러그드와 여러 교과와 융합하여 교육하는 STEAM 교육방법을 활용하였다. 프로그램의 타당성 검증을 위해서 Lawshe(1975)의 내용타당도 비율(Content Validity Ratio: CVR) 계산 공식을 활용하였다. 검증 결과는 전체 프로그램 모두 개발 취지에 적합한 것으로 분석되었다. 향후 이 연구에서 제안한 프로그램을 초등학교 저학년 학생에게 적용하여 효과성 정도를 측정할 필요가 있겠다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.525-534
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• 2007

Elementary students are tend to depend heavily on visual informations in the cognitive process. Thus, elementary science textbooks provide science contents mostly by inscriptions, the visual materials, with little verbal information in the limited page area. Especially, since the textbooks include many accompanying inscriptions rather than a basic inscription, it is very important to understand the relationships among many inscriptions in teaching and leaning science. Therefore, this study analyzed the status and characteristics of accompanying inscriptions used. in elementary science textbooks, and classified them according to their functions. As results, we found six types of the accompanying inscriptions such as inner part, detail, result, process, emphasis, and explanation. Accompanying inscriptions were used more frequently in the lower grade (3rd and 4th grades) than the higher grade (5th and 6th grades). We discussed the examples of each type in detail, and thus revealed some possible difficulties in understanding inscriptions caused by the inconsistency of the directions of the basic inscription and accompanying inscription, and by the absence of the sign linking the basic and accompanying inscriptions.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.113-137
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• 1985

It is the purpose of this study that is to develop the materials of the Scientific activities by the medium of "play" having influence on the growth of the lower grades in elementary school. For the sake of this object, this study develops and presents the materials of tile basic logical thinking play and sense-thinking play activities. And it analyzes the degree that they can be applied to the elementary science textbook of nature current now. As a result this provides 39 of materials of the sense-play and 23 of materials of the logical thinking play activities. And then, if the materials presented here are changed adequatly and have the same main subject as contents of the present textbook, we shall be able to utilize them for the textbook of nature.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2004년도 춘계 학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.251-255
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of using songs for the acquisition of English Prosody in elementary school. For the purpose, 8 classes were chosen to teach songs for four months, and listening tests and reading test were performed for analyzing the effect. The result is as follows : (1) The result of listening test showed that the average scores of the experimental classes were higher than those of comparative classes, and it was more effective in lower grades than in upper grades. (2) In pronunciation tests, the pronunciations of experimental classes were more similar to native speaker's pronunciation that those of comparative classes in intonation, lexical stress and sentence stress. (3) Singing songs repeatedly is more important than learning many songs. It means that to give the chances to sing as many times as possible is advisable for teaching pronunciation.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.475-485
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• 2016

This study explored mothers' and grandmothers' perception regarding child rearing practices as overprotective behaviors for first to third grade levels of elementary school. The study was conducted on 202 mothers and grandmothers of first to third grade elementary school students. Questionnaires were made with 40 questions on overprotection behaviors selected from the existing questions for preschooler, high grade elementary students, and youth. The questionnaires were distributed to target subjects to answer how they would perceive when each of question is applied to their lower grade elementary students. Based on the collected responses and the factor analysis, it was found out that the overprotective behaviors were classified into four factors such as "reduction in independence," "over-sensitiveness to safety," "interference in daily life," and "health anxiety." There were significant differences in the perception of the overprotective behavior by the subjects depending on the generations, features of children and mothers. This study focused on the lower grade elementary school students who have been removed from studies due to the lack of intervention measures. It has the implication in that the findings of the study can give the basic data for the development of the scale on overprotective behaviors in lower grade elementary school students.

• Food Quality and Culture
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the elementary students' knowledge, attitudes, and practice for food hygiene and safety. A self-administered questionnaire was developed and offered to 375 elementary school students throughout the Seoul region. The results of the survey were as follows: First, the knowledge, attitudes, and practice were not at satisfactory level. The scores of children's knowledge, attitudes, and practice were 67.42%, 3.83, and 3.81 out of 5 point scale, respectively. Second, knowledge, attitudes and practice levels were significantly different according to demographic characteristics. The lower grade-students had significantly higher scores for knowledge (p<.05), attitudes (p<.05) and practice (p<.01) than higher gradestudents, suggesting that food hygiene and safety education is more effective in younger students or that repeated education is needed for higher grade-students. Third, knowledge, attitudes and practice levels were significantly correlated each other. These results suggest that the education programs for food hygiene and safety should be developed for, as well as implemented in, lower elementary school grades.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.405-414
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the sexual maturation, body image, and self-esteem of Korean elementary school girls with symptoms of precocious puberty compared to those with no symptoms of precocious puberty. Methods: The subjects were 309 girls of lower grades in elementary school. Tanner's Sexual Maturation Rating (SMR), Self Image Scale, and Self-esteem Scale were utilized to determine the presence of symptoms of precocious puberty, body image, and self esteem. Collected data were analyzed by Chi-square test, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Results: The percentage of the girls with breast development was 14.9%. Breast development usually began in the third grade (56.5%). Of the subjects, 0.3% were experiencing menstruation. Breast development was related to grade, age, height, weight, and a cause of worry. There was a significant difference of body image between girls with breast development in the first grade and in the second grade. Conclusion: An effective intervention that can improve the self-image of children with symptoms of precocious puberty should be developed to prevent and treat physical and mental problems related to sexual maturation.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.998-1008
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• 2011

이 연구는 초등학생의 관찰능력 측정준거를 개발하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서는 관찰능력의 측정준거를 관찰대상, 관찰관점 및 요구정신용량으로 설정하였다. 관찰대상은 평면모양과 입체모양, 관찰관점은 고정과 변화로 구분하고, 요구정신용량은 2부터 5까지로 하여, 관찰능력 측정 준거의 삼차원틀을 개발하였다. 측정 준거의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 삼차원틀에 따라 조사도구를 개발하였고, 초등학교 저 중 고학년 166명에게 투입하였다. 연구결과, 관찰대상, 관찰관점 및 요구정신용량의 세 가지 준거에 따라 관찰능력 검사점수에 의미 있는 차이가 나타났고, 학년에 따라 의미 있는 차이가 있었다. 관찰대상에서는 평면모양, 관찰관점에서는 관점고정, 요구정신용량이 작을수록 관찰능력 점수가 높게 나타났고, 저학년에서 고학년으로 갈수록 관찰능력 점수가 높았다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 개발한 관찰능력 측정 준거는 초등학생들의 관찰능력을 의미있게 파악하고 변별할 수 있으며, 신뢰롭고 타당한 초등학생의 관찰능력 측정도구를 개발하는데 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.