• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.952-966
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences of food habits and food preferences between lower and higher grade students through the survey of elementary school students in Daejeon four elementary schools located in Jung-Gu and Seo-Gu in Daejeon are selected for this survey randomly and the completion of the questionnaires are according to grade. 1. Practical Analysis of Food Habits: For regular meals, the highest number of subjects skipped breakfast. It is being found that the girl students (81.61%) consumed more cooked rice than the boys (78.85%) and more boys (13.10%) ate bread or milk more than the girls (9.20%). The most important thing for the lower grades students (34.20%) when consuming is the nutritious foods, while the higher grades students (49.67%) consumed the set meals. During consumption, the highest number of the subjects watched TV or read books from time to time. More higher grades students (38.98%) preferred spicy and salty foods than the lower grades (22.09%). 2. Food Preferences: Between rice and noodles, most subjects preferred cooked rice (81.38%), Jajangmyeon (80.80%), Ramyeon (79.43%), and disliked bean-mixed rice (28.39%). For soups, Most students enjoy the Deokkguk. Majority of the subjects prefer meat and fried or steamed foods, and also grilled and pan-fried dishes. For the pan-roasted and fried dishes, most subjects did not enjoy the rhizome fry and sweet-pumpkin fry methods, and for vegetables, they did not like wild vegetable and seasoned cucumber (40.57%) The higher grades students enjoy the vegetables and salads more than the lower grades students. For Kimchi varieties, it is found that subjects like the cabbage Kimchi (69.66%) the most. There is little difference in food preference between the lower and higher grade students, but the rankings of food preferences are different according to various grades.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.64-75
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• 2019

This study analyzed the clothing color preferences of elementary students and the colors of clothes actually worn at school in terms of hue and tone. The sample consisted of 385 students enrolled at a public elementary school in Seoul. In this study, 120 color cards were used to guide the hue and tone. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were used to analyze the data. The results were as follows. First, the most preferred clothing colors were achromatic, purple blue, red, and blue, while the most preferred tones were vivid, and pale. Second, the largest percentage of top colors worn at school were achromatic and vivid tones, while the largest percentage of bottom colors at school were achromatic and dark tones. Third, elementary boys preferred vivid and strong tones, while girls preferred pale and vivid tones. Fourth, students at higher grades preferred deeper and darker tones compared with students in lower grades.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.475-493
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• 2020

In Korea, the lower elementary grades are applying a topic-oriented integrated curriculum. It causes a lack of science content and inquiry experience for young children. The purpose of this study is to understand the scientific experiences and perceptions of the lower elementary graders and to inquire about the meaning of those experiences in their science learning. Four students (male 2, female 2), their parents, and their first-year homeroom teachers participated in the study. The data collection was mainly conducted through in-depth interview of them. Results showed that the 'experiments' were the student's the main perception of science, and the epistemic emotion that students mainly feel about science was 'curiousness'. Since most experiences were dependent on non-formal educational experience, the parents were an important factor to determine their experiences about science. Various factors, such as students' scientific experiences, their epistemic emotions, and the parents, interacted to form children's perception of science. The positive perception of science affected the level of motivation and expectation for science learning as the third grade. It is suggested that improvement of curriculum and textbooks should emphasize scientific exploration for the lower graders of elementary school, which provides them meaningful scientific experience in school.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2003

This study was conducted in order to provide basic study material for children's garment design. The subjects of this study are fifth and sixth grade elementary school girls, who demonstrate rapid growth and the differences among individual somatic types are apparent. Their bodies are studied, categorized into patterns and the characteristics are examined. 1 The increase of height and length measurements according to age increase are much larger than that of breadth, depth and girth menasurments. 2. Eight factors are drawn upon factor analysis and the rate of factors comprisedare 78.68%. 3. The shapes of lower body of higher grades girls in elementary school are classified into three categories. The first type is slender in lower body and the second type is more contoured around waist area with longer length and higher height than the average elementary school girls. The third type is heavy in the lower body. 4. Eighteen items important for somatic categorization are selected through stepwise discriminant analysis and the exactitude rate of these items is 93.3%.

• 실천공학교육논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2020

근래 다문화가족의 급증 및 코로나-19로 인한 원격수업 등 비대면교육의 지속으로 초등 저학년의 교육격차가 발생하고 있다는 우려가 있다. 특히, 초등 저학년에서는 우리 말을 읽고, 쓰고, 듣고, 말하는 능력이 정착이 되어야 한다는 점에서 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 최근 관심도가 높은 인공지능 도구를 활용함으로써 이해도를 높이고, 놀이를 통하여 흥미롭게 한글교육을 할 수 있는 콘텐츠를 개발하였다. 앞으로 인공지능 도구들이 초등 저학년 교과교육에서 활용할 수 있는 다양한 시도가 필요하다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.802-811
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to 1) examine the dietary patterns of fatty acids and the fatty acid composition in serum, 2) determine selenium (Se) concentrations, and 3) investigate how serum fatty acid compositon affects serum levels of Se in Korean elementary school children. The subjects consisted of 168 school children(82 boys & 86 girls) belonging to 1st through 6th grades, and their dietary assessment was evaluated. The serum fatty acid composition was analyzed by GLC, and the ICP/MS method was employed to measure serum Se concentration. Total average intake of PUFA, MUFA and SFA were 10.5g, 12.7g, 11.2g respectively. Total average dietary P/M/S ratio was 1.10/1.18/1.0. The average intake of $\omega$3 fatty acids and $\omega$6 fatty acids were 1.33g, 9.19g, respectively. The $\omega$6/$\omega$3ratio was 14.2 which is higher than the recommended range. In serum fatty acid composition, PUFA, MUFA, SFA were 40.6%, 28.1% and 31.6% respectively. The average $\omega$3 fatty acid composition was 3.80%, and the mean value of $\omega$6 series was 36.8%. The M/S ratio of girls was significantly higher than boy's in fatty acids intake and in serum composition. Mean Se concentration of total subjects was 416.7ug/l and it was significantly higher in the lower grades(1st-3rd)than in the upper grades(4th~6th, p<0.05). Although the mean serum Se concentration was negatively correlated with PUFA composition in total boys and girls, it was not significant. Serum Se concentration was negatively correlated with P/S ratio and C24:1 concentration(p<0.05). In addition, serum composition of $\omega$6 PUFA and C24:1 showed negative correlations with serum Se in only lower grades girl(1st~3rd), and further studies are needed to clarify in these phenomena. In conclusion, the mean serum Se concentration was significantly lower in upper grades (4th~6th)than in lower grades(1st~3rd) of elementary school children and was negatively correlated with P/S ratio of serum fatty acids. More detailed studies on relationship between Se and fatty acids are required.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.21-38
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• 2008

본 연구는 초등학교 학생들의 학년과 성적에 따른 실태를 조사하였다. 공간 능력은 크게 공간관계와 공간시각화로 나누고 그 하위요소들을 각각 3가지와 5가지로 두어 자세하게 분석하고자 하였다. 학년에 따른 공간능력의 실태를 살펴보면 고학년일수록 그 능력이 높았으며, 성적에 따른 공간능력의 경우, 성적 우수 아동이 그 능력이 더 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 그러나 교육과정에서 해당 공간능력을 다루느냐, 다루지 않느냐에 따라 상이한 차이를 보였다. 따라서 본 논문은 이와 관련하여 교수학습 과정 및 현재 교육과정에 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2015

본 연구는 장기간에 걸친 로봇활용교육이 학생들의 창의성에 어떠한 효과를 미치는지를 밝히는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2011년부터 2012년까지 로봇활용교육 연구학교로 지정된 초등학교의 237명 학생을 대상으로 2차에 걸친 창의성 검사를 실시하였다. 검사 결과를 바탕으로 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 장기간 동안 로봇활용교육에 참여한 학생들의 창의성은 유의미하게 향상되었고, 특히 1차 검사 점수와 유의미한 향상이 나타났다. 둘째, 창의성 하위요인 중 유창성과 독창성이 유의미하게 향상되었고, 1차 검사 이전에 유의미한 향상이 나타났다. 셋째, 남학생과 여학생 모두 창의성이 유의미하게 향상되었고, 검사 시기와 성별 간의 상호작용은 유의미하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 초등학교 저 중 고학년 모두 창의성이 유의미하게 향상되었고, 검사 시기와 학년군 간의 상호작용은 유의미하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 학년군에 따른 창의성 향상에 대한 차이를 살펴본 결과, 고학년과 중 저학년 간에는 유의미한 차이가 나타났다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.443-456
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• 2022

본 연구는 초등학교 저학년 학생을 대상으로 과학 진로교육 프로그램을 개발하고 적용하여 초등학교 저학년에서의 과학 진로교육의 가능성과 발전방안을 모색하는 데 목적이 있다. 그를 위하여 먼저 초등학교 저학년 학생이 가진 과학자와 과학에 대한 이미지를 분석하고, 과학 진로교육 프로그램 적용 후 과학자와 과학에 대한 인식의 변화를 살펴보았다. 또 과학자 되어보기 활동을 통하여 과학에 대한 흥미를 알아보고, 과학 진로교육 프로그램에 대한 학생의 인식을 설문지와 면담을 통하여 분석하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등 저학년용 과학 진로교육 프로그램은 학생들의 과학자와 과학에 대한 인식에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 둘째, 초등 저학년용 과학 진로교육 프로그램은 학생들의 과학에 대한 흥미에 영향을 준다. 셋째, 초등 저학년용 과학 진로교육 프로그램에 대한 학생들의 인식은 긍정적으로 나타났다. 학생들은 프로그램에 대한 흥미도, 참여도, 이해도 모두에 높은 점수를 주었다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.935-944
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• 2014

This study was about to investigate the characteristics of elementary school students' feet growth, comparing and analyzed the measured values and the index values of 3D scan data. As the results from analyzing the measured values, the all measurement items excluding 'Toe 5 angle' showed some significant differences among the age classes, knowing that the elementary school students' feet were continually grown. Although, the items of length, thickness, width, height and circumference indicate some rapid growth of feet at 11 years old, but it appears slowing growth of 'Foot width' after the age of 11 years old. The angle item didn't show any sequential differences according to ages. As the results from analyzing the index values, the children in higher grades have longer 'Toe 5', thicker ankles, wider and thicker the superior part of feet than the children in lower grades. For the superior and the middle part of feet were lowly raised, their Arch height was low and thick. The inferior part of feet showed narrow width and higher height. Giving that the Medial ball width was wide and the Toe 1 angle is high for the children in higher grades, it is expected that the Metatarsophalangeal I might be more projected than that of children in lower grades. Likewise, knowing that the male students' feet shape was bigger than female students' feet from the result that the male students' index values were higher.