• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.594-608
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• 1998

Comparative studies regarding the nutritional status of 93 home-living elderly people taking free congregate lunch meals(FL) and 87 middle income class elderly people(MI) were performed in Taejon city. Data was obtained from questionaires, anthropometry and interviews for the 24-hour dietary recall of 2 nonconsecutive days during August, 1996. The average age for FL was 75.8 years. The monthly familly income for FL belonged to the low-income class. FL females had lower heights and weights than MI females. The average daily nutritional intake of both FL and MI were low, particularly in FL whose %RDA of energy was 68.5%, protein 65%, Ca 29.6%, Fe 50.8%, vitamin A 34.5%, vitamin E 30.5%, riboflavin 40.6%, vitamin C 76.9%. MI's %RDA of energy was 76.4%, protein 80.a2%, Ca 48.1%, Fe 78.6%, vitamin A 67.3%, vitamin E 117.4%, riboflavin 45.6%, vitamin C 136.5%. Comsumption of Zn, vitamin $B_6$ and folic daily average. There was no nutrient having average INQ(Index of nutritional quality) over 1 for either group. The INQs for protein, Ca, Fe and vitamin A were 0.802, 0.377, 0.625 and 0.296 in FL, and 0.900, 0.601, 0.784 and 0.602 in MI, respectively. The MAR(Mean adequacy ratio) was low with the value of 0.500-0.518 in FL and 0.630-0.723 in MI. The percentage of main nutrients from lunch was the highest among the three meals for FL males, while that from breakfast was the highest for MI. Free lunches taken by FL supported higher percentages of main nutrients than home-lunches taken by MI. Eating-out was done more frequently by MI than by FL and that eating-out brought them more nutritional intake. The above data indicated that the dietary nutritional intake status of the FL elderly was very poor in both quantity and quality and that free congregate lunch significantly contributed to the daily nutrient-intake for the FL elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2016

본 연구는 저소득층 아동들의 삶의 만족도와 자아존중감과의 관계에서 우울이 가지는 매개효과를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 2013년 3월부터 4월까지 2개 광역시에 소재한 영구임대아파트에 거주하는 기초수급1, 2급 및 차상위계층 가정의 초등학교 5, 6학년 과 중학생 자녀 385명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 20.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석, 기술통계 분석, 그리고 상관관계분석을 실시하였고, AMOS 20.0 프로그램을 이용하여 구조방정식 연구모형을 검증하였다. 그 결과 저소득층 자녀들의 자아존중감이 삶의 만족에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자아존중감이 우울을 감소시키고, 감소된 우울은 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 우울의 부분매개효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 연구결과에 기초하여 저소득층 아동의 자아존중감을 향상시키기 위한 이론적, 실천적, 정책적 합의가 필요함을 밝히는 바이다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.135-154
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• 1991

The purposes of this study are: 1) To find out overall family life issues percieved by the middle-classhousewives in their forties. 2) To examine detailed aspects related to middle years crises, leisure activities, children issues, family economy issues, and housing issues. 3) To clarify solutions to, and provide basic data on family issues raised by the middle-class families. The middle-class housewives in their forties living in the Seoul area were the subject of the survey. The sample size analysed in this study was 422. Data were analysed by the frequency, mean, percentile, standard deviation, X2-test, analysis of variance, multiple classification analysis, analysis of multiple regression, and Scheffe-test as a post-hoc analysis. The conclusions are as follows: First, the middle-class housewives tend to give more importance on children issues, especially on academic achievement and career development. Second, family cohesion of middle-class families is comparatively high and intra-familial conflict is low, and middle years crisis of housewives is comparatively low, too. Third, the stability of middle-class families can be found in household economic management patterns. one fourth of the families own stocks and two fifths of the families own real estate except their own dwelling house. Be based on their property income add to their labor income, middle-class families are showed their economic stability, however, intra-class inequality is found, too. Fourth, the great part of middle-class families that possess their own house, tend to be unsatisfied with their housig scale, and a half of the families expect to enlarge their housing scale for more comfortable and convient living.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.53-66
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• 1986

The prensent study was aimed to explore the reality of the low-income consumers problem by the comparison among five income classes. Specifically, this study was intended to (1) compare the levels of consumer skill, market risk, and consumer problem among the five income classes, (2) examine the relationship between consumer problem and consumer skill, and the relationship between consumer problem and market risk, and (3) search the types of consumer problems that each income class consumers might experience the most often. For this purpose, a survey was conducted using questionaire on 525 home managers in Seoul. The deta were analyzed by ANOVA and DMR test. The major findings were as follows; First, the consumer skill was the poorest in the low-income consumers. There was curvilinear relationship between consumer skill and income level. Second, the market risk was the highest in the low-income consumers. Market risk had a negative linear relationship with income level. Third, consumer problem was the most serious in the low-income consumers and was the least serious in the middle-income consumers. Fourth, the lower consumer skill and the higher market risk the consumers had, the more consumer problems they tended to experience. Finally, the low-income consumers had relatively more difficulties in door-to-door sale and inferior goods problem than the middle and the high-income consumers. On the other hand, the latter experienced relatively more difficulties in false and misleading advertising, overcharge, unfair bargain, and warrenty-repair-exchange problem than the former. Taken together, the research hypotheses were well supported in this study. It was suggested that the quality and the quantity of the low-income consumers problem were different from those of the middle-and the high-income consumers problem.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.27-43
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate depression of mothers with children in early childhood and to identify predictors by income level. Methods: The research was conducted with 1,761 data from the 3rd wave of the Panel Study of Korean Children(PSKC) data. Independent variables were socio-demographic data, self-esteem, normative life-events, non-normative life events, parenting stress, marital conflict, social support. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, hierarchical multiple regression analysis were conducted. Results: Significant factors of depression of female in low-income were non-normative life events, parenting stress, marital conflict. In middle class, significant factors were education, birth order of children, self-esteem, normative and non-normative life events, parenting stress, marital conflict, sociable support. At last, we found that marital conflict was the biggest factor for depression of female in low-income and parenting stress was the most powerful predictor in middle class. Conclusions: Mother's depression has a enormous impacts on development of children in early childhood. Therefore It is required to prevent depression in mothers and it is important to intervene at the early stage of depression. Results of this study showed a different pattern of predictors by income level. Therefore, Intervention and services for a mother's depression should change the direction depending on the level of income.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.493-504
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• 2017

본 연구는 청소년의 가정요인이 친구요인을 매개하여 우울에 미치는 영향에 대해 저소득층과 중산층의 차이를 검증함을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위하여 한국아동 청소년패널 제6차 중1 패널에서 1,522명(저소득층 246명, 중산층 1276명)을 대상으로 구조방정식의 다중집단 분석하였다. 분석한 결과는 첫째, 청소년이 지각한 부모양육방식이 우울에 미치는 직접효과는 저소득층에는 나타나지 않았으나, 중산층에는 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 부모양육방식이 친구요인에 미치는 영향은 저소득층이 중산층보다 더 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 친구요인이 우울에 미치는 영향은 중산층이 저소득층보다 더 크게 부적으로 나타났다. 넷째, 부모양육방식이 우울에 미치는 친구요인의 매개효과는 중산층이 저소득층보다 더 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 친구요인 중에서 또래 소외에 대한 매개효과는 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 독거노인의 사회경제적 지위 잠재유형을 분류한 후, 사회경제적 지위 잠재유형과 자아존중감과의 관계를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 2009년도 전국노인학대실태조사의 자료 중, 65세 이상 독거노인 1,333명의 자료를 분석하였다. 연구문제를 해결하기 위해 잠재유형분석 및 일원변량분석, 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회경제적 지위는 5개의 잠재유형으로 분류되었으며, 각각 고학력-저소득 집단, 저학력-저소득 집단, 중간학력-저소득 집단, 고학력-고소득 집단, 저학력-고소득 집단으로 명명되었다. 둘째, 자아존중감은 저학력-저소득 집단이 저학력-고소득 집단, 고학력-저소득 집단, 고학력-고소득 집단보다 낮게 나타났으며, 중간학력-저소득 집단이 고학력-저소득 집단과 고학력-고소득 집단보다 낮게 나타났다. 또한, 저학력-고소득 집단의 자아존중감이 고학력-고소득 집단보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 저학력-저소득 집단에 비해 고학력-저소득 집단, 중간학력-저소득 집단, 고학력-고소득 집단, 저학력-고소득 집단은 자아존중감에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 결과는 통제변수가 추가 투입된 모형에서도 일관되게 나타났다. 이를 근거로 독거노인의 하위집단별 특성에 관한 기초자료와 그들의 삶의 질을 향상하기 위한 실천 및 정책적 함의를 제공한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.536-545
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• 2021

본 연구는 다문화청소년의 가족 소득계층에 따른 진로장벽 차이를 검토하고, 주요 사회맥락인 가족환경과 학교환경, 이웃환경, 이중문화적응이 진로장벽에 미치는 영향을 소득계층별로 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 '다문화청소년패널조사' 6차년도 자료 1,265 사례를 분석하였다. 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 다문화청소년은 소득계층에 따라 진로장벽에 유의미한 차이를 나타냈고, 하위계층 청소년의 진로장벽 수준이 가장 높았다. 둘째, 소득계층별로 다문화청소년의 진로장벽에 영향을 미치는 사회맥락요인 분석결과, 하위계층 청소년은 어머니의 관여부족과 학업적응이, 중위계층 청소년은 가족지지와 학업적응, 교우관계, 학교내 도움을 주는 어른 유무가, 상위계층 청소년은 어머니의 진로간섭과 학업적응이 유의미한 사회맥락요인이었다. 본 연구는 분석결과를 토대로 다문화청소년 진로장벽에 대한 개입방안과 추후연구 과제를 논의하였다.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.75-101
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• 2024

This study investigates the variation in anxiety levels across income classes in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The research is based on data from nationally representative surveys conducted in 2017 and 2021, and it employs a multilevel mixed-effects ordered logistic model. The unique aspect of this investigation lies in its utilization of the Cantril ladder, a commonly employed tool in public opinion research, to gauge anxiety levels. Participants are prompted to assess their present life circumstances concerning their daily worries and anxieties. The empirical findings provide evidence that individuals in provinces with higher exposures to COVID-19 reported heightened anxiety levels. Furthermore, the results highlight a consistent association between higher household income and lower levels of anxiety. Notably, individuals from the highest income group experienced a substantial decline in anxiety levels during the pandemic. When examining specific income classes, the study reveals heightened anxiety among women in higher-income brackets and among lower-income households residing in urban areas. Furthermore, regarding macroeconomic circumstances, the results illustrate a positive correlation between economic prosperity and anxiety levels among members of low-income households. The study also uncovers a positive connection between income inequality and self-assessed anxiety within upper-middle and high-income brackets.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.91-115
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 한국노동패널의 1998년과 2001년 자료를 이용하여 가구별 균등화된 소득에 따른 소득계층을 구분하고 가구특성이 소득계층의 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 소득계층은 저소득층, 중산층, 고소득층으로 구분하였으며 소득계층의 변화는 4년 동안 계층 하락, 계층 유지, 계층 상승 등 3가지 변화와, 가장 하락, 하락, 유지, 상승, 가장 상승 등 5가지 변화로 구분하여 순위 프로빗모형을 이용하여 실증 분석하였다. 또한 1998년 저소득층의 가구특성이 계층 상승에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 1998년 저소득층과 설명변수의 상호작용을 고려하였다. 순위 프로빗모형의 추정 결과 1998년 거주지, 가구주 연령, 가구주 교육수준, 가구내 취업자수와 1998년과 2001년 사이의 가구내 취업자수의 변화가 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 설명변수별 한계효과를 추정한 결과 1998년의 가구주 교육수준이 높을수록, 1998년의 가구내 취업자수가 많고 2001년까지 취업자수가 증가할수록 소득계층이 상승할 확률이 더 높아진다는 결과를 얻었다. 가구주 연령에 있어서는 중산층 및 고소득층의 경우 연령이 증가할수록 소득계층 상승 확률은 감소하나 저소득층의 경우 40대와 50대는 소득계층 상승 확률이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.