• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.206-211
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• 2008

This study investigated the feasibility of manufacturing a low-sugar wild vine jam by examining viscosity, water content, and pH, as affected by sugar and pectin content. The jams were prepared by adding various amounts of sucrose, glucose, or fructose (1.89 M, 2.34 M, 2.63 M, or 2.92 M) and/ or pectin (0%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.8%, or 1%) to wild vine juice and heating at $90^{\circ}C$ for 3 hrs. A higher viscosity was shown for the jam manufactured with sucrose as compared to those made with glucose or fructose, and the greater the sucrose level the higher the viscosity of the jam. The jam with 50% reduced sugar content showed a similar viscosity to the control jam, which contained only 2.92 M sucrose, when the sugar was co-added with pectin at 0.5% for the low sucrose jam, and at 0.8% for the low glucose or low fructose jams, respectively. The water content of the low sucrose jam was lower than that of the low glucose or low fructose jams, and adding pectin had no significant effect on the water content of the low sugar jam. The pH levels of the jams were not significantly different, regardless of the type and concentration of sugar, temperature, or pectin addition, and ranged between 3.6 and 3.8. Overall, the results clearly show that wild vine jam with 50% reduced sugar content and having the same viscosity as control jam, can be manufactured when pectin and sugar are added together.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.353-358
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 고성능 시멘트계열 재료의 점성을 감소시키는 것에 대한 기초적인 정보를 제공하는 것이다. 레올로지적 측면에서 시멘트 계열 재료의 유동성을 결정하는 것은 항복응력과 소성점도이다. 물결합재비가 낮고 분체비율이 높은 고성능 시멘트계열 재료의 경우, 고성능 감수제로는 항복응력을 줄일 수는 있으나 점성을 낮추는 것이 어렵다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 시멘트계열 재료의 소성점도를 줄이기 위한 목적으로 두가지 방법, 즉, 분말상태의 적절한 조합 및 저점도형 고성능 감수제의 사용을 제시하였다. 첫째, 다양한 산업부산물을 치환하여 석탄재 원분과 폐석회석 분말이 점성저하에 효과가 있음을 밝혔으며 저점도형 고성능 감수제가 일반형 고성능 감수제에 비해 시멘트 페이스트의 점도를 낮추는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 다양한 방법의 시멘트계열 재료의 점도를 낮추는 기초적인 방법을 제공할 것으로 기대한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.234-238
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• 2003

This experiment was conducted to measure nutrient digestibility and performance in broiler chicks fed diets based on normal and low viscosity rye or barley fed with and without enzyme (pentosanase and $\beta$-glucanase) during a 17 day growth trial. A total of 150 one-day old, male broiler chicks (5 birds per pen and 5 pens per treatment) were randomly assigned to one of six dietary treatments in a $3{\times}3$ factorial design experiment (3 cereals${\times}$2 enzyme levels). Digestibility coefficients were determined using chromic oxide. Digestibility coefficients for dry matter and crude protein were significantly (p=0.0001) higher for the barley-based diets than for any of the rye-based diets. Digestibility coefficients for gross energy did not differ (p>0.05) due to cereal grain. There were no differences in the digestibility coefficients for dry matter and gross energy between chicks fed normal and low viscosity rye. However, the digestibility coefficient for crude protein was higher (p=0.01) for the low viscosity rye compared with the normal viscosity rye. Addition of enzyme to the diet significantly (p=0.0001) increased digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein and energy. There were no significant differences in weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion between birds fed barley or rye or between birds fed normal or low viscosity rye. Enzyme supplementation significantly improved (p=0.0001) weight gain, intake and feed conversion. The overall results of this experiment indicate that unsupplemented barley and rye do not support adequate growth rates in poultry. Enzyme supplementation dramatically improved broiler performance. In addition, genetic selection to reduce the viscosity of rye had only a modest effect on the nutritive value of rye for broilers.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 반응성 희석제 함량에 따라 접착강도 및 물성을 향상시키기 위해 polyether polyol/polyester polyol, 4,4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate ($H_{12}MDI$), 2-butanone oxime (MEKO)를 사용하여 저점도 폴리우레탄 핫멜트를 합성하였다. 합성된 저점도 폴리우레탄 핫멜트의 물성은 FT-IR, viscosity meter 및 UTM 등을 통해 확인하였다. 반응성 희석제의 함량이 증가하고 NCO-blocked prepolymer가 감소함에 따라 저점도 폴리우레탄 핫멜트 접착제의 점도는 증가하였으며, OH-terminated oligomer, NCO-blocked prepolymer, 반응성 희석제 함량의 비가 1 : 0.5 : 0.5일 때 1.1 kgf/cm 접착강도를 나타내었다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.72-73
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• 2021

For the development of high-fluidity concrete using low-binder, The effect of the use of the developed acrylic viscosity agent on the physical properties of concrete evaluated. The amount acrylic viscosity agent used was 1.5%, 1.7%, and 2.0% based on the binder amount of 400kg/m3, and slump flow test, slump flow 500mm arrival time measurement, air volume measurement, and U-Box passing test were conducted to determine the effect of the physical properties of concrete. it was judged that 1.5% of the acrylic viscosity agent used in high-fluidity concrete using low-binder was most suitable.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.129-130
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• 2021

For the development of high-fluidity concrete using low-binder, The effect of the use of the developed acrylic viscosity agent on the physical properties of concrete evaluated. The amount acrylic viscosity agent used was 0.28%, 0.29% and 0.30% based on the binder amount of 350kg/m³, and slump flow test, air volume measurement, U-Box passing test and strength compressive were conducted to determine the effect of the physical properties of concrete. it was judged that 0.29% of the cellulose type viscosity agent used in high-fluidity concrete using low-binder was most suitable.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.870-876
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• 2005

It seems very difficult to comply with upcoming stringent emission standards in vehicles. To develop low emission engines, better quality of automotive fuels must be achieved. Since sulfur contents in diesel fuels are transformed to sulfate-laden particulate matters as a catalyst is applied, it is necessary to provide low sulfur fuels before any Pt-based oxidation catalysts are applied. In general, flash point, distillation $90\%$ and cetane index are improved but viscosity can be worse in the process of desulfurization of diesel fuel. Excessive reduction of sulfur may cause to degrade viscosity of fuels and engine performance in fuel injection systems. This research focused on the performance of an 11,000 cc diesel engine and emission characteristics by the introduction of ULSD, bio-diesel and a diesel oxidation catalyst, where the bio-diesel was used to improve viscosity of fuels in fuel injection systems as fuel additives or alternative fuels.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2002

A newly designed mass-detecting capillary viscometer uses a novel concept to continuously measure non-Newtonian fluids viscosity over a range of shear rates. A single measurement of liquid-mass variation with time replaces the now rate and pressure drop measurements that are usually required by capillary tube viscometers. Using a load cell and a capillary, we measured change in the mass flow rate through a capillary tube with respect to the time, m(t), from which viscosity and shear rate were mathematically calculated. For aqueous polymer solutions, excellent agreement was found between the results from the mass-detecting capillary viscometer and those from a commercially available rotating viscometer. This new method overcomes the drawbacks of conventional capillary viscometers meassuring non-Newtonian fluid viscosity. First, the mass-detecting capillary viscometer can accurately and consistently measure non -Newtonian viscosity over a wide range of shear rate extending as low as 1 s$\^$-1/. Second, this design provides simplicity (i. e., ease of operation, no moving parts), and low cost.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.171-172
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• 2017

In order to meet the high performance of the concrete, the viscosity increases with water binder ratio and amount of powder. because of these problems, we use high performance water reducing agent and low viscosity water reducing agent, but side effects may occur when using large amount of water reducing agent. Therefore, in this research, in order to increase the viscosity, I would like to analyze the change in viscosity and flow characteristics of paste by utilizing fly ash and lung limestone which are generally thrown away without using high performance water reducing agent.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.209-221
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• 2003

The objectiveness of this study was to evaluate whether low-viscosity composite can bond effectively to dentin surface without bonding resin. The low-viscosity composites being 50wt% filler content were made by the inclusion of bonding resin of two self-etching systems(Cleafil SE Bond, Unifil Bond) varied with contents as 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50wt%. Exposed dentin surfaces of extracted 3rd molars are used. Dentin bond strengths were measured. The tests were carried out with a micro-shear device placed testing machine at a CHS of 1mm/min after a low-viscosity composite was filled into an iris cut from micro tygon tubing with internal diameter approximately 0.8mm and height of 1.0mm. 1 Flexural strength and modulus was increased with the addition of bonding resin. 2. Micro-shear bond strength to dentin was improved according to content of bonding resin irrespective of applying or not bonding resin in bonding procedure, and that of Clearfil SE Bond groups was higher than Unifil Bond. 3. There were no significant difference whether use of each bonding resin in bonding procedure for S-40, S-50, U-50(p＞0.05). 4. In SEM examination, resin was well infiltrated into dentin after primed with self-etching primer only for S-50 and U-50 in spite of the formation of thinner hybrid layer. Low viscosity composite including some functional monomer may be used as dentin bonding resin without an intermediary bonding agent. It makes a simplified bonding procedure and foresees the possibility of self-adhesive restorative material.