• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.23-27
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• 2010

We prepared Al doped ZnO thin film as a top electrode on a glass substrate with a deposited $Alq_3$ for the top emission organic Light emitting device (TEOLED) with facing target sputtering (FTS) method and radio-frequency (RF) sputtering method, respectively. Before the deposition of AZO thin film, we evaporated the $Alq_3$ on glass substrate by thermal evaporation. And we evaluated the damage of organic layer. As a result, PL intensity of $Alq_3$ on grown by FTS method showed higher than that of grown by RF sputtering method, so we found that the FTS showed the lower damage sputtering than RF sputtering. Therefore, we can expect the FTS method is promising the low-damage sputtering system that can be used as a direct sputtering on the organic layer.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.295-302
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• 2022

The initial response to a marine accident can play a key role to minimize the accident. Therefore, various decision support systems have been developed using sensors, simulations, and active response equipment. In this study, we developed an algorithm to predict damage locations using ship motion data with bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), a type of recurrent neural network. To reflect the low frequency ship motion characteristics, 200 time-series data collected for 100 s were considered as input values. Heave, roll, and pitch were used as features for the prediction model. The F1-score of the BiLSTM model was 0.92; this was an improvement over the F1-score of 0.90 of a prior model. Furthermore, 53 of 75 locations of damage had an F1-score above 0.90. The model predicted the damage location with high accuracy, allowing for a quick initial response even if the ship did not have flood sensors. The model can be used as input data with high accuracy for a real-time progressive flooding simulator on board.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2002

Objectives : To evaluate the DNA damage by hair dyeing in human lymphocytes Methods : Comet assays were carried out to evaluate the DNA damage in lymphocytes by hair dyeing. Twenty subjects were selected from women volunteers whose age ranged from 55 to 67 year old. All subjects had no smoking history. Blood samples were collected before and 6 hours after hair dyeing. DNA damage was evaluated by means of the tail moments, which were quantified by a KOMET 4.0 image analysis system. Results : The tail moments before hair dyeing showed no significant differences among subjects except for the high frequency group. The mean values of the tail moments in subjects with low and high frequencies of hair dyeing were 1.39 and 1.77, respectively (p<0.05). The tail moments after hair dyeing increased significantly, The mean values of tail moments in subjects before and after hair dyeing were 1.45 and 1.79, respectively (p<0.01). However, the difference levels of DNA damage in lymphocytes before and after hair dyeing were found to be slightly lower in both the dietary supplement taking group and high frequency group. Conclusions : The high frequency group appears to have a higher level of DNA damage than the low frequency group before hair dyeing. DNA damage in lymphocytes was found to be significantly higher in the volunteers after hair dyeing. In this study, the related factors such as high frequency and taking dietary supplements appeard to reduce DNA damage in lymphocytes after hair dyeing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2016

Across the world, the industrialization has increased the frequency of climate anomaly. The size of damage due to recent natural disasters is growing large and fast, and the human damage and economic loss due to disasters are consistently increasing. Urbanization has a structure vulnerable to natural disasters. Therefore, in order to reduce damage from natural disasters, both hardware and software approaches should be utilized. Currently, however, the development of a statistical access process for 'analysis of disaster occurrence factor' and 'prediction of damage costs' for disaster prevention and overall disaster management is inadequate. In case of local governments, overall disaster management system is not established, or even if it is established, unscientific classification system and management lead to low utility of natural statistics of disaster year book. Therefore, in order to minimize disaster damage and for rational disaster management, the disaster damage survey process should be improved. This study selected gale as the focused analysis target among natural disasters recorded in disaster year book such as storm, torrential rain, gale, high seas, and heavy snow, and analyzed disaster survey process. Based on disaster year book, the gale damage size was analyzed and the issues occurring from the correlation of gale and damage amount were examined, so as to suggest an improvement plan for reliable natural disaster information collection and systematic natural disaster damage survey.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.169-178
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• 2014

Fluid model based numerical analysis is done to simulate a low damage etch back system for 20 nm scale semiconductor fabrication. Etch back should be done conformally with very high material selectivity. One possible mechanism is three steps: reactive radical generation, adsorption and thermal desorption. In this study, plasma generation and transport steps are analyzed by a commercial plasma modeling software package, CFD-ACE+. Ar + $CF_4$ ICP was used as a model and the effect of reactive gas inlet position was investigated in 2D and 3D. At 200~300 mTorr of gas pressure, separated gas inlet scheme is analyzed to work well and generated higher density of F and $F_2$ radicals in the lower chamber region while suppressing ions reach to the wafer by a double layer conducting barrier.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.113-118
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• 2011

According to the high accuracy of semiconductor equipments, PCB substrate with much thin thickness is required. However, it is very difficult to sustain the PCB substrate without deformation in case of horizontal installation, due to low bending stiffness. In this research, new PCB process equipment with vertical installation has been developed in order to solve the problem of PCB substrate damage during etching process. As the main parts of etching system on PCB substrate, PCB substrate and JIG are analyzed through finite element method and experimental test. Through the analysis results of stress state, we could find the optimal JIG design to make the damage as low as possible.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.30-39
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• 2022

Maintaining structural integrity of major apparatuses in a nuclear power plant, including piping system, is recognized as a critical safety issue. The integrity of piping system is also a critical matter related to the safety of a nuclear power plant. The actual failure mode of a piping system due to a seismic load is the leakage due to a fatigue crack, and the structural damage mechanism is the low-cycle fatigue due to large relative displacement that may cause plastic deformation. In this study, in-plane cyclic loading tests were conducted under various constant amplitudes using specimens composed of steel straight pipes and a steel pipe tee in the piping system of a nuclear power plant. The loading amplitude was increased to consider the relative displacement generated in the piping system under seismic loads, and the test was conducted until leakage, which is the limit state of the steel pipe tee, occurred due to fatigue cracks. The limit state of the steel pipe tee was expressed using a damage model based on the damage index that used the force-displacement relationship. As a result, it was confirmed that the limit state of the steel pipe tee can be quantitatively expressed using the damage index.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.179-184
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• 2017

Recently, traffic accidents and damage on the highway have increased because of overloaded vehicles. The existing overload-detecting system has a low accuracy rate. An overload-detecting system using a weigh-in-motion (WIM) system has been developed to solve this problem. The WIM system can be used to detect overloaded vehicles by measuring the weight of the vehicles. The WIM system is divided into high-speed and low-speed types. The inaccuracy rate in the low-speed WIM system results mainly from the low response rate of the sensor when the velocity is moving at more than 20 km/h. In this study, a low-speed overload-detecting pad with a hydraulic structure using a WIM system was developed to make the system more accurate. The structural and formal analysis was carried out by using a finite element method (FEM) in order to analyze the structural stability and the extrusion velocity of the system. In addition, a static load test was performed to confirm the linearity and accuracy of the pad.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.73-94
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• 2009

There are significant differences between disputes among enterprises and disputes between consumers and an enterprise. A majority of consumers may suffer from the same damages at the same time with small amount concerned and sometimes low chances for find the real cause. Among these distinctive features, the most significant characteristic in consumer-business disputes can be found in that consumers are in a disadvantageous position compared to businesses. When it comes to consumer policy, the biggest aim lies with turning back the damage a consumer is suffering into normalcy. In this regard, the Consumer Dispute Resolution System is the most essential among consumer policies. In Korea, the Collective Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) System was introduced to the Consumer Dispute Resolution System in 2007 in line with revision on the Consumer Basic Law. However, smooth damage redress for consumers is still not taking place. Against this backdrop, this report suggests that 'consumer arbitration' program should be introduced to the Consumer Dispute Resolution System as part of making good and smooth progress for consumer damage redress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

Piping systems comprising pumps and valves are essential in the power plant, oil, and defense industry. Their purpose includes a stable supply of the working fluid or ensuring the target system's safe operation. However, piping system accidents due to leakage of toxic substances, explosions, and natural disasters are prevalent In addition, with the limited maintenance personnel, it becomes difficult to detect, isolate, and reconfigure the damage of the piping system and recover the unaffected area. An autonomous recovery piping system can play a vital role under such circumstances. The autonomous recovery algorithms for the piping system can be divided into low-pressure control algorithms, hydraulic resistance control algorithms, and flow inventory control algorithms. All three methods include autonomous opening/closing logic to isolate damaged areas and recovery the unaffected area of piping systems. However, because each algorithm has its strength and weakness, appropriate application considering the overall design, vital components, and operating conditions is crucial. In this regard, preliminary research on algorithm's working principle, its design procedures, and expected damage scenarios should be accomplished. This study examines the characteristics of algorithms, the design procedure, and working logic. Advantages and disadvantages are also analyzed through simulation results for a simplified piping system.