• Health Policy and Management
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2023

Background: To improve the support low-income individuals' medical expenses, it is necessary to think about ways to enhance the Catastrophic Health Expenditure Support Program. This study proposes expanding support criteria and changing the income standard. Methods: This study conducted simulations using national data from the National Health Insurance Service. Simulations performed for people who have used health services (n=172,764) in 2022 to confirm the Catastrophic Health Expenditure Support Program's size based on changes to the subject selection criteria. Results: As a result of the simulation with expanded criteria, the expected budget was estimated to increase between Korean won (KRW) 13.2 (11.5%) and 138.6 billion (37.4%), and the number of recipients increased between 41,979 (48.9%) and 150,317 (76.1%). The results of the simulation for the change in income criteria (applied to health insurance levels below the 50th percentile) estimated the expected budget to increase between KRW -8.9 (-7.8%) and 55.6 billion (15.0%) and the number of recipients to increase between -8,704 (-10.1%) and 41,693 (21.1%) compared to the current standard. Conclusion: The 2023 Catastrophic Health Expenditure Support Program's criteria were expanded as per the 20th Presidential Office's national agenda to alleviate the burden of medical expenses on the low-income class. In addition, The Catastrophic Health Expenditure Support Program needs to be integrated with other medical expense support policies in the mid- to long-term, and a foundation must be prepared to ensure the consistency of each system.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.44-58
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential water condition of Honam region according to water budget analysis. For this purpose, the eight regions (Suncheon, Gwangju, Jhangheung, Damyang, Mokpo, Yosu, Huksando, Namwon) are selected as study area. The result is as follows. (1) The water surplus indicating the potential water condition is ordered as Yosu, Sunchon, Changhung, Namwon, Damyang, Huksando, Kwangju, Mokpo. So the potential water condition of Kwangju and Mokpo is worst among study regions. (2) The high water surplus region is corresponded to high precipitation and low actual evapotranspiration legions. (3) The potential water condition is to agree with several facts about the water resource condition of Honam region. For example, large scale dam of Honam region has been constructed for Kwangju and Mokpo city. This fact indicates that the potential water condition calculated by water budget analysis is corresponded to actual water resource condition. (4) Consequently, the water budget analysis is effective method for investigating the actual water condition and establishing the water resource management of specific regions.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07c
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• pp.1974-1976
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• 2005

The feasibility of a midgap metal gate is investigated for 32nm MOSFET low power applications. The midgap metal gate MOSFET is found to deliver a driving current as high as a bandedge gate one for the low power applications if a proper retrograde channel is used. An adequate design of the retrograde channel is essential to achieve the performance requirement given in ITRS roadmap. In addition, a process simulation is run using halo implants and thermal processes to evaluate the feasibility of the necessary retrograde profile in manufacturing environments. From the thermal budget point of view, the bandedge metal gate MOSFET is more vulnerable to the following thermal process than the midgap metal gate MOSFET since it requires a steeper retrograde doping profile. Based on the results, a guideline for the gate workfunction and the channel profile in the 32 nm MOSFET is proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.6 s.107
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• pp.82-94
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• 2005

This study was undertaken to measure and analyze the thermal environment characteristics of the grey permeable cement concrete pavement(GPCCP), the permeable cement concrete brick pavement(PCCBP) compared with impermeable cement concrete pavement(ICCP) and bare soil(BS) under the summer outdoor environment. Following is a summary of major results. 1) The peak surface temperature was greatest in the GPCCP$(54.2^{\circ}C)$ followed by ICCP$(47.2^{\circ}C)$ rut August 2, 2002, the hottest day$(35.3^{\circ}C\;of\;highest\;temperature)$ during the experiment; peak temperature in the ICCP and BS were $45.5^{\circ}C)$ and $45.3^{\circ}C)$ respectively. 2) Analysis of heat budget of the pavements has revealed that the heat environment was worse in the GPCCP than that in the ICCP and that this was mainly due to a low albedo in the former(0.2) relative to that of the latter(0.4). 3) Analysis of heat budget of the pavements has revealed that the heat environment was worse in the GPCCP than that in the PCCBP, BS and that this was mainly due to a decreased latent heat resulting from a time dependent decreasing impact of rainfall. 4) It is necessary to make cool pavements to further studies on light-colored surface materials for attaining high albdo and construction methods which can enhance the latent heat through the continuous evaporation from pavements surface. 5) Vertical arrangement of pavement layers has not been considered in the present study, which has been focuses on the heat characteristics of the surface layer materials. Accordingly, future studies will have to be empasized on pavement methods including the vertical arrangement of the pavement layers.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.503-517
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• 1989

This study is to analyze factors affecting the school nurse's activities. The survey was undertaken during Sept. 1-Nov. 30, 1986. The subjects were 137 school nurses from elementary, junior-high, and senior-high schools in Daegu City and Kyungppk Province. The results are as follows: 1. Correlational findings between school nurse's self-confidence and their general characteristics 1) Program Planning & Evaluation: Health Experinece(r=-0.1803, p<0.05) Salary Step(r=-0.1741, p<0.05) 2) Clinic Management: Salary STep(r=-0.2580, p<0.01) 3) Health Education: Salary Step(r=-0.1929, p<0.05) 4) Management of School Environment: Salary Step(r=-0.2501, p<.05) 5) Health Care Services: Health Experience(r=0.1901, p<0.05) Salary Step(r=-0.2424, p<0.05) 2. The degrees of school nurse's self-confidence(high: 4 point, low: 1 point) 1) Clinic Management: 2.92 2) Health Education: 2.86. 3) Program Planning & Evaluation: 2.74 4) Health Care Services: 2.73 5) Management of School Environment: 2.67 6) Operating of School Health Organization: 2.42 3. Significances to self-confidence on school nurse's activities 1) Program Planning as Evaluation: Expending Times for Health Care Services (r=-0.2262, p<0.05) Expending Times for Health Education (r=0.2943, p<0.05) Size of Clinic(r=0.2163, p<0.05) Location of Clinic(t=2.43, gH0.047) Use of Clinic(t=2.06, p<0.007) 2) Clinic Management: Location of Clinic (t=3.36, p<0.010) 3) Health Education: Purchase of Medicine(r=-0.1736, p<0.05) No, of Classes (r=-0.1794, p<0.05) (4) Management of School Environment: School Health Budget(r=0.1731, p<0.05) Home Message(r=0.1805, p<0.05) Location of Clinic(t=4.46, p<0.0001) 5) Operating of School Health Organization: School Health Budget(r=0.1878, p<0.05) Use of Clinic(t:1.90, p<0.018) 6) Health Care Services: School Health Budget(r=1.90, p<0.018) Expending Times for Health Education(r=0.2577, p<0.05) Size of Clinic(r=0.4336, p<0.001) Location of Clinic(t:5.10, p<0.001)

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.711-719
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• 2011

This study was conducted to estimate the distribution characteristics and budget of organic matter in the Lake Hapcheon. In the dry season, the concentration ranges of organic carbons were similar, but in the rainfall season, it showed about double concentrations. Changes of vertical water quality in the lake, there were no big differences with the concentration by the depth. However, it tends to be relatively high on the surface, a little low on the mid-depth and high in the lake bottom. DOC rate at TOC, it was lower than POC rate at inflow and DOC rate was higher than POC rate in the lake and discharging water. R-DOC accounted for more 80% of DOC rate in all investigated areas, therefore we judge that this R-DOC is to increase the organic carbon pollution gradually. As the result of the calculated organic carbon budget in the Lake Hapcheon, the amount of allochthonous, autochthonous and release were 3,552, 3,288, 228 tonC/year, respectively. the amount of discharge, decomposition and sedimentation were 504, 1,344, 5,520 tonC/year, respectively. According to this investigation, the changed amount of organic matter in the Lake Hapcheon recorded -300 tonC/year with the increase of 7,068 tonC/year and the decrease of 7,368 tonC/year.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.98-120
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to elicit preference for drug listing decision criteria and to estimate the ICER threshold in South Korea using the discrete choice experiment (DCE) method. To collect the data, a DCE survey was administered to a subject sample either educated in the principle concepts of pharmacoeconomics or were decision makers within that field. Subjects chose between alternative drug profiles differing in four attributes: ICER, uncertainty, budget impact and severity of disease. The orthogonal and balanced designs were determined through computer algorithm to take the optimal set of drug profiles. The survey employed 15 hypothetical choice sets. A random effect probit model was used to analyze the relative importance of attributes and the probabilities of a recommendation response. Parameter estimates from the models indicated that three attributes (ICER, Impact, Severity of disease) influenced respondents' choice significantly(p${\pm}$0.001). In addition, each parameter displayed an expected sign. The Lower the ICER, the higher the probability of choosing that alternative. Respondents also preferred low levels of uncertainty and smaller impact on health service budget. They were also more likely to choose drugs for serious diseases rather than mild or moderate ones. Uncertainty however is not statistically significant. The ICER threshold, at which the probability of a recommendation was 0.5, was 29,000,000 KW/QALY in expert group and 46,500,000 KW/QALY in industry group. We also found that those in our sample were willing to accept high ICER to get medication for severe diseases. This study demonstrates that the cost-effectiveness, budget impact and severity of disease are the main reimbursement decision criteria in South Korea, and that DCE can be a useful tool in analyzing the decision making process where a variety of factors are considered and prioritized.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.129-137
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiency of budget utilization of science and technology by the Chinese autonomous province and to present the direction of improvement. Data were obtained from the 2013-2017 statistical yearbook of higher education published by the Ministry of Education of China, and efficiency was analyzed using the malmquist analysis method. The analysis found that the low technological progress caused changes in the productivity MPI index, and that cities affected by technological efficiency needed to improve internal factors such as internal coordination and restructuring of universities in the region to increase efficiency. And it was found that areas affected by technological change needed proper response to external factors such as government policy, economic environment, social environment or technological development. This study is meaningful in that it presented reference data in enhancing efficiency of budget utilization of science and technology by autonomy of China, and it is necessary to establish strategies and study essential factors to increase efficiency of inefficient areas in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.27-35
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• 2023

Social interest in disasters is a significant factor in shaping disaster management policies, enabling the enhancement of disaster safety management and prevention activities according to the specific needs of society. However, in the past, there were limits to measuring which disasters society was particularly interested in. Hence, in this study, a method of measuring social interest using news data was devised. Specifically, we classifed news reports into natural and social disasters, creating a comprehensive Social Interest Index (SII) on disasters covering from 2011 to 2021. Additionally, we quantitatively compared the SII with budgets allocated to disaster-related efforts. Our primary findings are as follows: First, our methodology not only distinguishes natural disasters from social disasters but also identifies emerging areas of societal concern. Second, in recent years (2014-2021), social disasters gained more attention than natural disasters. Third, the disaster safety budget accounted for approximately 3.5% of Korea's total budget, closely paralleling the SII we measured. However, exceptions were noted in cases such as heavy snow, cold waves, and heat waves, where the SII remained high, but the disaster safety budget was relatively low, indicating potential outliers. The findings of this research are projected to contribute to the improvement of national disaster management policies by providing a quantitative measure of social interest in disaster, enabling more informed and effective policy decisions.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2011.05b
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• pp.540-543
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• 2011

본 논문은 저예산영화의 흥행을 위해 구전마케팅을 하기위한 마케팅툴의 개발이 목적이다. 무선인터넷과 모바일의 컨버전스로 천만 명의 사용자를 갖게 될 스마트폰의 저예산 독립영화의 애플리케이션을 개발을 통해 최적의 애프릴케이션 서비스, 기능, 환경 등을 알아낸다. 이로써 저예산 독립영화의 마케팅 기반을 구축하여 한국영화 산업의 발전에 기여하고자 한다.