• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.161-186
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• 2018

Albeit numerous endeavors in matching names and surveying inventors, inventor-level studies of patent data have been scarce because unique inventors can not be identified across patents. Using the Korean patent data with inventor IDs, birth year, and gender available, we construct unique inventor-level panel data. As the first undertaking with our data, we investigate the age profile of patent productivity among inventors. We find an inverted U-shaped profile with the peak at age 31. We also find an increasing productivity for younger cohorts of inventors. These findings are robust after we control for the calendar year effects and the quality of patents.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to find out differences of women's professionalism and attractiveness according to the perceiver's level of interest on accessory, the object person's age, and accessory wearing. Subjects were 178 college women in Seoul. The evaluation of the accessory wearing was divided into five dimensions: professionalism, attractiveness, loveliness, femininity, and individuality. The look of accessory wearing had significant influences on the evaluation of professionalism and attractiveness. The women in their 40's wearing the scarf on a jacket were evaluatedhigh in professionalism, attractiveness, and femininity. The 40's wearing the cap with a T-shirt were evaluatedlow in professionalism and attractiveness. The women in their 20's wearing the cap with a T-shirt were evaluatedhigh in attractiveness and loveliness. Wearing of scarf enhanced professionalism, femininity, and individuality, wearing necklace enhanced femininity, and wearing cap enhanced loveliness of women. Perceiver's level of interest on accessory gave significant influences on perception of professionalism and attractiveness. The object person's age gave significant influences on loveliness, femininity, and individuality. Professionalism, attractiveness, loveliness, and femininity had interaction effects according to object person's age and accessories. When women in their 40's wore scarf or necklace, their professionalism was raised more than those in their 20's. Therefore accessory wearing was more effective to the women in their 40's than the 20's.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to look into correlations between subjective evaluation on the work and self-esteem of the elderly so as to provide information for finding out ways of developing their self-esteem. The subjects of this study were 318 elderly persons in Chonnam and Kwangju city. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency percentage mean standard deviation reliability stepwise and multiple regression analysis through the SAS package program. the major findings of this study can be summarized as follows; 1) The self-esteem of elderly persons was 25,9 which was above the median 24. 2) According to the results related to subjective evaluations on the work among the elderly the positive correlation was by education level family situation economic state social activity level and health state while the negative correlation was by sex, age, and spouse. 3) According to the results related to subjective evaluations on the work among the elderly the positive correl tion was by worker identity job satisfaction quality of work time. 4) In model 1. variable affecting their self-esteem were health sate education level economic state health state age social activity level and sex. In Model 2, variables affecting their self-esteem were worker identity education level economic state age health state social activity level job satisfaction and sex. Especially self-estee of elderly was highly correlated with subjective evaluations on the work among the elderly persons.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.413-419
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• 2006

This study was performed to analyze the wearing practice and the purchasing characteristics of jeans in order to offer basic data to produce superior jeans made of denim with small flexibility and to improve the wearing comfort. The questionnaire were 236 Korean women from the age of 10th to 50th. For data analysis, descriptive analysis and crosstabs were used. The results were as follows, in the purchasing characteristics, when the women of 10th to 30th decided to purchase jeans they considered fashion, design and price rather than wearing comfort. But the women of 40th to 50th considered that wearing comfort is the most important factor. The 10th is found the best preferred jean is wide straight style, the 20th is straight style, the 30th is boots cut style and the 40th to 50th is straight style. In wearing practice, there was a difference among age groups on the region that felt uncomfortable when wearing jeans. As the age increases, the abdomen size also increases. Most people answered that they mend jeans after purchase for length, without any relation with age. The reason why consumers prefer jeans with middle length between the crotch and waist and also purchase jeans with a short length is because they look refined and neat. This informs us that the short length between the crotch and waist does not match with ease and comfort, which are the images of jeans in the past. Recently premium jean brands are competing to show Low Rise Jeans, which seems like a Premium Jean=Low Rise Jean formula is created. Some manufacture companies are recklessly copying foreign designs that does not fit Korean's body shape. However, as mentioned in this study results, there is a clear difference between designs that they think consider as aesthetic and functional. Therefore, it is considered necessary for developing designs for jeans that can satisfy both aesthetic appreciation and functions for Korean consumer's body shape and each age group.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.107-110
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• 2005

Objective : Lumbar spinal stenosis is increasingly recognized as a common cause of low back pain in elderly patients. Conservative treatment has been initially applied to elderly patients, however, surgical treatment is sometimes indispensable to relieve severe pain. We retrospectively examine the age-related effects on the surgical risk, and results following general anesthesia and operative procedure in geriatric patients for two different age groups of at least 65years old. Methods : Consecutive 51 patients [${\ge}$ 65years], who underwent open surgical procedure for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, were selected in the study. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A included all patients who were between 65 and 69years of age at the time of surgery. Group B included all patients who were at least 70years of age at the time of surgery. We reviewed medical history including preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists[ASA] classification of physical status, anesthetic risk factor, operative time, estimated blood loss, transfusion requirements, hospital stay, operated level, and clinical outcome to look for comparisons between two age groups [$65{\sim}69$ and over 70years]. Results : In preoperative evaluation, mean anesthetic risk factor of patients was numerically similar between the groups. The American Society of Anesthesiologists classification of physical status was similar between two groups. There was no difference in operated level, operative time, estimated blood loss, hospital stay, and anesthetic risk factor between the two groups. The clinical successful outcome showed 82.7% for Group A and 81.8% for group B. The overall postoperative complication rates were similar for both group A and B. Conclusion : We conclude that advanced age per se, did not increase the associated morbidity and mortality in surgical decompression for spinal stenosis.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.90-99
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to compare female members's jumper and jacket preferences for five different styles of Fall/Winter jumpers and jackets, divided into three age groups(65-69 yr, 70-74 yr, over 75 yr). Total 324 senior females, ages over 65 in Kimhae and Busan area were chosen for the study. The major findings of this study were as follow; For the age group, 65 to 69, in the jumper category, it was important for them to look slender and sophisticated. Jumpers with quilted thin fabrics, jumpers with hooded jumpers zippers, and short chinese collar in the short blouson style were preferred in the age group. Jacket needed to be designed in A-line styles, short or long with one or two buttons and of various length. For those in the 70 to 74 age group, the jumper designs need to be tidy and clean with box-shaped pockets. In addition, various formal style jumpers with increasing length up to hip lines. For jackets, it is necessary to increase the number of designs with convertible collars with three button in front, elegantly covered pocket, long enough to cover the hip line. For those in the age group of 75 or over, it was essential for jumpers and jackets to be of increasing length in box style, loose-fit with, front-closure or snap buttons and out pockets that allows one to put their hands in the jumper. They preferred jacket length down to the hip-line, wing collar for jumpers, tailored collar for jackets more than the other age groups.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.511-526
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• 2011

This study aims at surveying how Koreans look upon and prepare for the age of longevity("age of 100 years") drawing near at hand, analyzing factors affecting such a perception and behavior. To this end, a telephone survey was launched for 1200 persons sampled to evenly comprise the young, middle-aged, and elderly groups. Our findings indicate that more Koreans looked upon the upcoming "age of 100 years" as a 'disaster' rather than a 'blessing.' The sense of combined uneasiness over the aged life being further elongated while they are unprepared for it, anxiety over maintaining health and so forth came into play. However, the better a person is prepared by way of health management, savings for retirement, preparation for leisure activities and employment for the later life, the more positively he or she looked upon the "age of 100 years". An analysis by group indicates that women rather than men, the elderly rather than the young, the less educated rather than the highly educated, the low-income bracket rather than the high-income bracket looked upon the "age of 100 years" more negatively. Under such circumstances, it is suggested that the nation's social system tailored to a life expectancy of 80 years should be readjusted, tailored to a 'longevity paradigm' and that to this end social systems should be reoriented toward the direction where 'healthy aging' and 'active aging' are fully supported.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.889-901
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to look into the physical features for each residential area by the age, with the female subjects residing in Beijing and Shanghai. This would provide the specific information regarding the body types of Chinese adult women, and additionally it would assist the effective advancement into the Chinese local markets by serving as the basic data for the size development and fitting improvement of clothing products for Chinese women. The body measurements were made with 525 adult female subjects of 20 to 49 years of age, residing in Beijing and Shanghai, China. The number of measurements items was 79. The results are as follows: As they grew older, the women residing in Beijing and Shanghai all showed increases in the items of width, thickness, girth, and length, which are highly correlated with the physical obesity, while they did not show any differences by the age range in the item of height. Differences were also found in the tendency of the type distribution by the age range of Chinese adult women in each residential area. As they grew older, the women residing on Beijing showed increases in the distribution of Body type 2 and Body type 4, which clearly indicated the features of obesity. On the other hand, the women residing in Shanghai showed the almost similar distribution in their 20's and 30's, while those in their 40's showed a high frequency in Body type 2 than in Body type 4.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.251-260
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge of people in general about orthodontic treatment and their attitude to that by conducting a survey in a bid to provide information on the improvement of their incorrect awareness of orthodontics and on the development of clinical orthodontic treatment. Methods and Results : The subjects in this study were 389 people in general who resided in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. A self-administered survey was conducted, and the findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for awareness of orthodontic treatment among the people in general by gender, the women knew better about orthodontic treatment than the men, and the gender gap was significant(p<0.05). 2. Concerning satisfaction with the shape and arrangement of the teeth by age, those who were in their 20s were most satisfied, and the teens were satisfied the least. There were significant gaps according to age (p<0.05). 3. As a result of checking the degree of their inconvenience about the use of chewing teeth by age, the people who were in their 30s felt the most inconvenience, and the gap between them and the others was significant(p<0.01). 4. As a result of asking them whether they had an intention to receive orthodontic treatment, the women had a more intention to do that than the men(p<0.001). By age, the younger respondents had a more intention, and the gaps between them and the others were significant(p<0.001). 5. As a result of analyzing their perception of the positives of orthodontics by gender, the women took a more positive view of it than the men, and their gap was significant(p<0.01). Conclusions : When orthodontic treatment or orthodontic treatment counseling is provided to orthodontic treatment patients or people in general in the field of clinical dentistry, it should be noted that the way patients and people in general look at orthodontic treatment is different according to their age and gender, and they should be informed of the positives of orthodontic treatment to step up the development of orthodontic treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 2001

Purpose : The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate second look arthroscopic finding after osteochondral autograft transfer(OAT) for the treatment of the chondral defect of the knee. Materials & Methods : Fourteen out of forty cases underwent second look arthroscopy after the OAT for the treatment of the chondral defect of the knee. The average age of patients was 34 years. Preoperatively, magnetic resonance imaging was performed in eleven cases and chondral defect was confirmed in nine cases. The site of the chondral defect located at medial femoral condyle at seven, trochlea in four, and lateral fomoral condyle in three cases. The average size of the condral defect was $13\times10mm$, maximum $22\times20mm$. The number of graft was one in eight, two in three, three in two, and five in one case. The average follow-up period was twenty-one months. Second look arthroscopy was performed at six months in almost cases. Results : After the OAT, $86\%$ of cases showed that the consistency of grafted cartilage was firm and $93\%$ of cases showed that grafted cartilage was well incorporated with surrounding cartilage. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that OAT can be one of treatment modality in the chondral defect of the knee.