• Title/Summary/Keyword: longtooth grouper

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Gonadal Sex Differentiation of Hatchery-Reared Longtooth Grouper (Epinephelus bruneus)

  • Sao, Pham Ngoc;Hur, Sang-Woo;Lee, Chi-Hoon;Lee, Young-Don
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.185-193
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    • 2012
  • For the gonadal sex management of younger longtooth grouper (Epinephelus bruneus), this work investigated the timing and histological process of ovary differentiation and oocyte development of longtooth grouper larvae and juvenile. Specimens (from 1 to 365 DAH) were collected for gonadal histological study from June 2008 to August 2009. Rearing water temperature was ranged from 20 to $24^{\circ}C$. The primordial germ cells could be observed from 10 to 15 DAH, while undifferentiated gonad occurs from 20 to 50 DAH in longtooth grouper. The initial ovarian phase was 60 to 110 DAH with the formation of ovarian cavity and the increased in size of gonad. The ovarian phase started at 140 DAH with appearance of oogonia. The gonad at 365 DAH appeared to have full of oogonia and primary growth stage oocyte. Formation of ovarian cavity indicates that the ovarian differentiation beginning at 60 DAH in longtooth grouper. The gonads in longtooth grouper differentiated directly into ovaries in all fish examined.

The Anaesthetic Effect of MS-222 for Longtooth Grouper, Epinephelus moara and the Hybrid Grouper, E. moara ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂ (자바리(Epinephelus moara)와 대왕자바리(E. moara ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂)에 대한 MS-222의 마취효과)

  • Park, Jong Yeon;Kim, Kang-Rae;Bang, In-Chul
    • Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.235-240
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    • 2019
  • The anaesthetic effect of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) concentrations and water temperatures for longtooth grouper (Epinephelus moara) and hybrid grouper (E. moara ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂) were investigated. Anesthetic induction and recovery time were measured at 18, 22, 26 and 30℃ of Cwater temperature and 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm of anesthetic concentrations. Anesthetic induction time tended to decrease with increasing concentration and water temperature. Recovery time was proportional to concentration, but inversely proportional to water temperature. However, there was no significant differences in recovery time at 22℃ or lower. The optimal anesthesia condition was 30℃ and 100 ppm, which was the shortest recovery time for longtooth grouper, and 150 ppm at 30℃ in the case of hybrid grouper because anesthetic time is significantly different with 100 ppm in spite of no significant differences with 100 ppm for recovery time. As a results of two-way ANOVA test, there was a significant difference between the species of longtooth and hybrid grouper. On the other hand, there was no interaction effect between concentration and species. Also, there was no interaction effect among species, concentration, and water temperature.

Comparison of the Food Quality of Hybrid Grouper Epinephelus fuyscoguttatus×E. labnceolatus and Hybrid Longtooth Grouper E. moara×E. lanceolatus (대왕범바리(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus×E. lanceolatus)와 대왕자바리(E. moara×E. lanceolatus)의 식품학적 품질비교)

  • Lee, Woo Jin;An, Byoung Kyu;In, Jung Jin;Han, Hyeong Gu;Park, Jong-Yeon;Bang, In-Chul;Shim, Kil Bo
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.55 no.2
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    • pp.129-136
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    • 2022
  • The nutrient composition of the muscle of the hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus×E. lanceolatus, HG) and the hybrid longtooth grouper (E. moara×E. lanceolatus, HLG) was measured as a function of body weight in this study. The crude protein and lipid levels in HG were 21.0-21.2 g/100 g and 1.9-3.4 g/100 g, respectively. HLG contained 20.6-20.7 g/100 g protein, and 3.9-5.5 g/100 g crude lipid. The total amino acid contents of HG were 18,829.7-18,980.2 mg/100 g and that of HLG was 17,793.7-19,293.7 mg/100 g. The mean saturated fatty acid content was 0.61-1.09 g/100 g for HG and 1.27-1.77 g/100 g for HLG. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid levels were 0.59-1.02 g/100 g (Monoene), 0.67-1.11 g/100 g (Polyene) in HG, which were lower than the 1.21-1.78 (Monoene), 1.22-1.69 g/100 g (Polyene) found in HLG. The highest mineral content (K and P) of HG was 510.13-517.05 mg/100g and 231.59-247.67 mg/100 g, while that of HLG was 518.81-523.59 mg/100 g and 257.51-248.84 mg/100 g, respectively. In conclusion, there is potential for expanding the commercial utilization of HG and HLG as food resources as they are both nutrient-rich.

Masculinization in juvenile longtooth grouper, $Epinephelus$ $bruneus$, with aromatase inhibitor: changes in GtH subunit mRNA expression and steroids hormone levels

  • Hur, Sung-Pyo;Lim, Bong-Soo;Hwang, In-Joon;Kim, Se-Jae;Ryu, Yong-Woon;Hur, Sang-Woo;Song, Young-Bo;Jeong, Hyung-Bok;Baek, Hae-Ja;Takemura, Akihiro;Lee, Young-Don
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.127-134
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    • 2012
  • We investigated the effects of fadrozol, an aromatase inhibitor (AI), and $17{\alpha}$-methyltestosterone (MT) on the induction of sex change in juvenile longtooth grouper $Epinephelus$ $bruneus$, via histological observation of gonads. Changes in the mRNA expression of GtH subunits (FSH-${\beta}$ and LH-${\beta}$) in the pituitary, and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ (E2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) levels in the blood were also surveyed after AI and MT treatment. Juvenile longtooth groupers ($113{\pm}17g\;body\;weight$; $16.2{\pm}1.2cm\;body\;length$) received intramuscular injections of AI at 3 (3-AI) and 5 (5-AI) mg/kg BWdoses and MT at a 5 mg/kg BW (5-MT) dose. At week 7 post-injection, 3-AI and 5-MT oocytes were degenerated, and gonads of the 5-AI group initiated spermatogenesis. At week 21 post-injection, 3-AI- and 5-MT-treated gonads contained spermatogonia and spermatocytes, while 5-AI treatment induced advanced stages of spermatogenesis. The serum E2 level showed no significant differences throughout the experimental period, whereas that of 11-KT was significantly elevated in the 5-AI group at weeks 7 and 21 post-injection. A significant increase in the expression of FSH-${\beta}$ mRNA was evident in the 5-AI group at week 21 post-injection. In contrast, LH-${\beta}$ mRNA expression did not significantly differ among groups during the experimental period. These results imply that sex change has two stages in the longtooth grouper. In the first stage, oocytes are degenerated by the stimulation by 11-KT, and in the second stage spermatogenesis occurs, owing to the co-effects of 11-KT and FSH-${\beta}$.

Physiological effects of dietary vitamin E on kelp grouper, Epinephelus bruneus under low water temperature stress (저수온 스트레스시 자바리, Epinephelus bruneus에서의 vitamin E의 생리적 효과)

  • LIM, Sang-Gu;LEE, Tae-Ho;GIL, Hyun-Woo;PARK, In-Seok
    • Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.636-645
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    • 2017
  • The physiological response of the longtooth grouper, Epinephelus bruneus to low water temperature (LWT) stress while on three different concentrations of dietary vitamin E (1 mg/diet g, 5 mg/diet g, and 10 mg /diet g) were investigated. Plasma cortisol, glucose, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were higher in the control and sham control compared with the vitamin E supplemented groups. The most addition with vitamin E in the diet (10 mg/diet g) showed the lowest levels of cortisol, glucose, and AST. However, plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) showed no significant differences across all experimental conditions (P>0.05). Also the more disposing vitamin E into feeding the better resistance against stress on the LWT was shown through cortisol, glucose, ALT, and AST.

Sex Reversal and Masculinization according to Growth in Longtooth Grouper Epinephelus bruneus

  • Oh, Seong-Rip;Kang, Hyeong-Cheol;Lee, Chi-Hoon;Hur, Sang-Woo;Lee, Young-Don
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.79-85
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    • 2013
  • To understand the sex reversal characteristics in the longtooth grouper (Epinephelus bruneus), this study examined the sex reversal and artificial masculinization of wild caught E. bruneus reared in indoor rearing tank after a 17${\alpha}$-methyltestosterone injection. To domesticate a broodstock, 64 wild caught E. bruneus, between 47.0 to 110.0 cm in total length and from 1.5 to 21.4 kg in body weight, were reared in indoor rearing tank (4.0 to 5.0 m wide, and 2.5 to 3.0 m depth) for four years. Seven specimens showed sex reversal from female to male during indoor rearing condition, whose total length and body weights were from 63.0 to 99.0 cm and from 4.4 to 13.2 kg, respectively. After inducing artificial masculinization in 14 female E. bruneus with a 17${\alpha}$-methyltestosterone (2.0 mg/kg BW) implants for 3 years, spermiation occurred in 9 specimens (total length: 54.0 to 68.0 cm, body weight: 2.3 to 4.3 kg). Among the female to male sex reversals, two specimens returned back to being female, whose body weights were 2.8 kg (initially 2.6 kg) and 2.7 kg (initially 2.3 kg). Therefore, this study suggested that E. bruneus (> 3.0 kg) was more effective in masculinizing by 17${\alpha}$-methyltestosterone implants.

Effects of 17α-Methyltestosterone on Growth and Induced Sex Change in Longtooth Grouper Epinephelus bruneus (Bloch)

  • Park, In-Seok;Im, Soo-Yeon
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.11-15
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    • 2011
  • We examined the effects of 17${\alpha}$-methyltestosterone (MT) on growth and induced sex change in the longtooth grouper Epinephelus bruneus. The growth rate for body weight (GRW) and specific growth rate (SGR) of the group injected with MT over 8 weeks were significantly higher than those of the sham-injected control group, the group injected over 4 weeks, and the control group. Of the orally administrated groups, the GRWs of the control group and the group given 1 kg of feed with 2.0 mg of MT were highest and did not significantly differ from one another. For SGR, the treatment groups differed significantly, and the SGR of the control group was higher than those of the other groups (P<0.05). The condition factor (CF) of the group injected over 4 weeks was higher than those injected over 8 weeks, the sham-injected control group over 8 weeks, and the control group. The CF did not significantly differ between the sham-injected control group over 8 weeks and the injected group over 8 weeks, but these two groups differed from the control group (P<0.05). The CFs of the groups given 1 kg of feed with 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg of MT were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The feed efficiency ratio was not significantly affected by MT administration. Most of the experimental groups receiving MT developed many unidentified germ cell cysts and perinucleolus oocytes, although neither spermazoa cells nor sex-changed males were observed in any of the treatments.

Characterization of Pubertal Development Phases in Female Longtooth Grouper, Epinephelus bruneus via Classification of Bodyweight

  • Ryu, Yong-Woon;Hur, Sang-Woo;Hur, Sung-Pyo;Lee, Chi-Hoon;Lim, Bong-Soo;Lee, Young-Don
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.55-62
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    • 2013
  • Puberty is the developmental period which animals obtain the ability of reproducing sexually for the first time in life. In commercially important aquaculture fish species, the onset of puberty is a matter of major interest due to controlling of sexual maturation to improve broodstock management. To investigate pubertal characteristics of female longtooth grouper (Epinephelus bruneus), specimens were classified into three groups by the bodyweight, including 1, 2, and 3 kg group. Thereafter, we focused on ovarian development and level changes of endocrine regulation factors (GnRH, GTHs, steroid hormone). In the non-breeding season (April), the levels of endocrine regulation factors showed increasing trends in accordance with bodyweight gaining; nevertheless, the oocytes were growth phase belongs to almost peri-nucleous stages in all groups. In the breeding season (June), the levels of endocrine regulation factors were fluctuated that decreases in levels of sbGnRH and $FSH{\beta}$ mRNA expressions along with serum $E_2$ concentrations in 3 kg of group. However, $LH{\beta}$ mRNA expression levels sustained increasing trends by the bodyweight. Moreover, the oocytes developed that 2 kg and 3 kg groups obtained plentiful vitellogenic oocytes while 1 kg group was still composed with greater part of pre-vitellogenic oocytes. Especially, the oocytes of 3 kg group reached over 450 ${\mu}m$ of diameters that indicating possibility to enter the final maturations. These results suggest that the progress of pubertal development in female E. bruneus could be classify into three phases via bodyweight, including pre-puberty (1 kg), early-puberty (2 kg) and puberty (3 kg).

Evaluation of Fertilizing Ability using Frozen Thawed Sperm in the Longtooth Grouper, Epinephelus bruneus

  • Oh, Seong-Rip;Lee, Chi-Hoon;Kang, Hyeong-Cheol;Song, Young-Bo;Kim, Hyung-Bae;Lee, Young-Don
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.345-351
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    • 2013
  • This study examines the effects on fertilization rate (FR), hatching rate (HR), and normal individual rate after artificial fertilization using frozen thawed sperm according to the cryoprotectant (DMSO) concentration and the period of cryopreserved sperm of longtooth grouper, Epinephelus bruneus. Performing artificial fertilization using frozen-thawed sperm, after freezing the sperm at different DMSO concentration of 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0% respectively, FR were (DMSO 5.0%: $99.5{\pm}0.8%$, DMSO 7.5%: $99.5{\pm}0.7%$, and DMSO 10.0%: $99.6{\pm}0.6%$). The results are not significantly different from the control fresh sperm (100%). HR also (DMSO 5.0%: $96.2{\pm}2.3%$, DMSO 7.5%: $95.3{\pm}3.6%$, 10.0%: $96.6{\pm}1.8%$) were not significantly different in each group. The normal individual rate after hatching using with control fresh sperm ($98.4%{\pm}0.5$) and DMSO concentration level of 5.0% ($97.8{\pm}0.1%$) were not significantly different. However, with 7.5% ($97.2{\pm}0.6%$) and 10.0% DMSO concentrations ($95.9{\pm}0.2%$) are lower than the normal individual rate after hatching observed in the control and 5.0% DMSO. Performing artificial fertilization using frozen-thawed sperm at different frozen period (2 days, 2 years, and 3 years), 10% DMSO FR and HR of 3 years (FR; $66.8{\pm}1.8%$, HR: $82.0{\pm}12.9%$) and 2 years (FR; $78.5{\pm}14.8%$, HR: $79.3{\pm}0.6%$) cryopreserved sperm were lower than control (FR; 100%, HR: $91.1{\pm}3.6%$) and 2 days cryopreserved sperm (FR; $99.6{\pm}0.6%$, HR: $96.6{\pm}1.8%$). These results suggest suitable DMSO concentration ranges of cryopreservation sperm for E. bruneus is 5 to 10% and with 2 to 3 years cryopreservation period, cryopreservation sperm can be useful for seed production.

Temperature Effect in Egg Development and Hatching of Longtooth Grouper, Epinephelus bruneus (자바리, Epinephelus bruneus의 난 발생과 부화에 미치는 수온의 영향)

  • Yang, Moon-Ho;Choi, Young-Ung;Jung, Min-Min;Ku, Hag-Dong;Oh, Bong-Sae;Moon, Tae-Seok;Lee, Chang-Hoon;Kim, Kyong-Min;Han, Seock-Jung
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.105-109
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    • 2007
  • This study examined temperature effect in egg development and hatching of longtooth grouper, Epinephelus bruneus. Fertilized embryos was not growth after morula stage at $15^{\circ}C$, at 18, 21, 24 and $27^{\circ}C$, the required time from fertilized embryos to hatching were 70 h. 30 min., 44 h. 10 min., 29 h. 10 min. and 24 h. 30 min., respectively. The hatching rates at $24^{\circ}C$ were higher than the other conditions and the hatching was not occurred at $15^{\circ}C$. These results suggest that the water temperature range of egg development and hatching was $18{\sim}27^{\circ}C$.

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