• Title/Summary/Keyword: local electronic structure

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Geometric Scheme Analysis and Region Segmentation for Industrial CR Images (산업용 CR영상의 기하학적 구도분석과 영역분할)

  • Hwang, Jung-Won;Hwang, Jae-Ho
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.124-131
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    • 2009
  • A reliable detection of regions in radiography is one of the most important task before the evaluation of defects on welded joints. The extracted features is to be classified into distinctive clusters for each segmented region. But conventional segmentation techniques give unsatisfactory results for this task due to the spatial superposition of intensity and low signal-to-ratio(SNR) in radiographic images. The usage of global or local processes not only provide the necessary noise resistance but also fail in classification of regions. In this paper, we presents an appropriate approach for segmentation of region-based indications in industrial Computed Radiography(CR) images. The geometric differences between welded and non-welded area which is generated on radiography as the representative regions(background, thickness, middle and welded region in steel tube image) have constructed the hierarchical structure. Although this structure is contaminated by noise, the scheme between regions can be selected by the help of local clustering based on distinctive geometric property of each region. Because of the geometric nature of the considered region and so that the region is selected layer by layer, and that the real class represents the boundary between regions, the vertical and horizontal clustering process in each layer must be judicious. In order to show the effectiveness of this approach, a comparative experiment of various segmentation method is performed on industrial steel tube CR images.

Character Region Detection Using Structural Features of Hangul Vowel (한글 모음의 구조적 특징을 이용한 문자영역 검출 기법)

  • Park, Jong-Cheon;Lee, Keun-Wang;Park, Hyoung-Keun
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.872-877
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    • 2012
  • We proposes the method to detect the Hangul character region from natural image using topological structural feature of Hangul grapheme. First, we transform a natural image to a gray-scale image. Second, feature extraction performed with edge and connected component based method, Edge-based method use a Canny-edge detector and connected component based method applied the local range filtering. Next, if features are not corresponding to the heuristic rule of Hangul character, extracted features filtered out and select candidates of character region. Next, candidates of Hangul character region are merged into one Hangul character using Hangul character merging algorithm. Finally, we detect the final character region by Hangul character class decision algorithm. Experimental result, proposed method could detect a character region effectively in images that contains a complex background and various environments. As a result of the performance evaluation, A proposed method showed advanced results about detection of Hangul character region from mobile image.

Feature Points Tracking of Digital Image By One-Directional Iterating Layer Snake Model (일방향 순차층위 스네이크 모델에 의한 디지털영상의 특징점 추적)

  • Hwang, Jung-Won;Hwang, Jae-Ho
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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    • v.44 no.4 s.316
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    • pp.86-92
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    • 2007
  • A discrete dynamic model for tracking feature points in 2D images is developed. Conventional snake approaches deform a contour to lock onto features of interest within an image by finding a minimum of its energy functional, composed of internal and external forces. The neighborhood around center snaxel is a space matrix, typically rectangular. The structure of the model proposed in this paper is a set of connected vertices. Energy model is designed for its local minima to comprise the set of alternative solutions available to active process. Block on tracking is one dimension, line type. Initial starting points are defined to the satisfaction of indent states, which is then automatically modified by an energy minimizing process. The track is influenced by curvature constraints, ascent/descent or upper/lower points. The advantages and effectiveness of this layer approach may also be applied to feature points tracking of digital image whose pixels have one directional properties with high autocorrelation between adjacent data lines, vertically or horizontally. The test image is the ultrasonic carotid artery image of human body, and we have verified its effect on intima/adventitia starting points tracking.

First-principles Calculations on Magnetism of 1H/1T Boundary in Monolayer MoS2 (제일원리계산에 의한 단층 MoS2의 1H/1T 경계 자성)

  • Jekal, Soyoung;Hong, Soon Cheol
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.71-75
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    • 2016
  • Monolayer $MoS_2$ is energetically most stable when it has a 1H phase, but 1H to 1T phase transition ($1H{\rightarrow}1T$) is easily realized by various ways. Even though magnetic moment is not observed during $1H{\rightarrow}1T$, $0.049{\mu}_B/MoS_2$ is obtained in local 1T phase; 75% 2H and 25% 1T phases are mixed in ($2{\times}2$) supercell. Most magnetic moment is originated from the 1T phase Mo atom in the supercell, while the magnetic moments of other atoms are negligible. As a result, magnetic/non-magnetic boundary is created in the monolayered $MoS_2$. Our result suggests that $MoS_2$ can be applied for spintronics such as a spin transistor.

Magnetic Field Dependent Characteristics of Al-doped ZnO by High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HIPIMS) (자장 구조 변화에 따른 High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HIPIMS)에서 Al-doped ZnO 박막 증착 특성)

  • Park, Dong-Hee;Yang, Jeong-Do;Choi, Ji-Won;Son, Young-Jin;Choi, Won-Kook
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.20 no.12
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    • pp.629-635
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    • 2010
  • Abstract In this study characteristics of Al-doped ZnO thin film by HIPIMS (High power impulse sputtering) are discussed. Deposition speed of HIPIMS with conventional balanced magnetic field is measured at about 3 nm/min, which is 30% of that of conventional RF sputtering process with the same working pressure. To generate additional magnetic flux and increase sputtering speed, electromagnetic coil is mounted at the back side of target. Under unbalanced magnetic flux from electromagnet with 1.5A coil current, deposition speed of AZO thin film is increased from 3 nm/min to 4.4 nm/min. This new value originates from the decline of particles near target surface due to the local magnetic flux going toward substrate from electromagnet. AZO film sputtered by HIPIMS process shows very smooth and dense film surface for which surface roughness is measured from 0.4 nm to 1 nm. There are no voids or defects in morphology of AZO films with varying of magnetic field. When coil current is increased from 0A to 1A, transmittance of AZO thin film decreases from 80% to 77%. Specific resistance is measured at about $2.9{\times}10-2\Omega{\cdot}cm$. AZO film shows C-axis oriented structure and its grain size is calculated at about 5.3 nm, which is lower than grain size in conventional sputtering.

Selective Enhancement of the Sheet Resistance of Graphene Using Dielectrophoresis (유전영동 현상을 이용한 그래핀 면저항의 선택적 향상 연구)

  • Oh, Sooyeoun;Kim, Jihyun
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.55 no.2
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    • pp.253-257
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    • 2017
  • Graphene is a monolayer carbon material which consists of $sp^2$ bonding between carbon atoms. Its excellent intrinsic properties allow graphene to be used in various research fields. Many researchers believe that graphene is suitable for electronic device materials due to its high electrical conductivity and carrier mobility. Through chemical doping, n- or p-type graphene can be obtained, and consequently graphene-based devices which have more comparable structure to common semiconductor-based devices can be fabricated. In our research, we introduced the dielectrophoresis process to the chemical doping step in order to improve the effect of chemical doping of graphene selectively. Under 10 kHz and $5V_{pp}$ (peak-to-peak voltage), doping was conducted and the Au nanoparticles were effectively formed, as well as aligned along the edges of graphene. Effects of the selective chemical doping on graphene were investigated through Raman spectroscopy and the change of its electrical properties were explored. We proposed the method to enhance the doping effect in local region of a graphene layer.

Model Development of Convergence Curriculum by Specialization Area Linkage between Local Universities (지역대학 간 특화영역을 연계한 대학연합-융합전공 모형개발)

  • Kyung, Jong-soo;Kim, Jonghae
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.9 no.12
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    • pp.251-258
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    • 2018
  • The university bachelor's system is based on autonomy, but due to the rigid academic structure, it is not appropriate to respond to changes in social demand. Recently, universities are pursuing diversification of their bachelor's system. With the introduction of various majors (linkage major, convergence major, autonomic major, and self-design major), efforts are being made to nurture convergence talent based on mutual linkages between major and departments. This study introduces the design and operation process of 'Global Creative Convergence Major' which the four universities of Chungcheong region promoted as a union. In particular, it derives the key elements of each step and presents the operating model and implications based on the main features. Convergence major operation model constitutes educational system (talent award, educational goal, competency factor, curriculum) through linkage between specialization areas of universities. The competency elements contain creative competence, convergence competency, problem solving competency, and global competency.

Trends and Prospects of N. Korea Military Provocations After the Sinking of ROKS Cheon-an (천안함 폭침 이후 북한의 군사도발 양상과 전망)

  • Kim, Sung-Man
    • Strategy21
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    • s.34
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    • pp.58-92
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    • 2014
  • Even after S. Korea took 5.24 Measure(24 May 2014), N. Korea has not stopped raising provocations such as the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island, electronic and cyber attacks. To make matters worse, the communist country lunched long-range missiles(twice) and conducted 3rd nuclear test, escalating tensions which could possibly lead to an all-out war. Korean Government failed to respond properly. However, escalation into an all-out war was deterred by the CFC immediately carrying out its peacetime duty(CODA). The US made a rapid dispatch of its augmentation forces(Aircraft carrier, nuclear-powered submarine, strategic bomber, F-22) to the Korean Peninsula. In recognition of the importance of the Combined Forces Command, since May 2013 the Park Geun-Hye Administration has been pushing ahead with re-postponement of Wartime Operational Control Transfer(which initially meant the disassembling of the CFC as of 1 December 2015) More recently, there has been a series of unusual indicators from the North. Judging from its inventory of 20 nuclear weapons, 1,000 ballistic missiles and biochemical weapons, it is safe to say that N. Korea has gained at least war deterrence against S. Korea. Normally a nation with nuclear weapons shrink its size of conventional forces, but the North is pursuing the opposite, rather increasing them. In addition, there was a change of war plan by N. Korea in 2010, changing 'Conquering the Korean Peninsula' to 'Negotiation after the seizure of the Greater Seoul Metropolitan Area(GSMA)' and establishing detailed plans for wartime projects. The change reflects the chain reaction in which requests from pro-north groups within the South will lead to the proclamation of war. Kim, Jeong-Un, leader of N. Korean regime, sent threatening messages using words such as 'exercising a nuclear preemptive strike right' and 'burning of Seoul'. Nam, Jae-June, Director of National Intelligence Service, stated that Kim, Jung-Un is throwing big talks, saying communization of the entire Korean Peninsula will come within the time frame of 3 years. Kim, Gwan-Jin, Defense Minister, shared an alarming message that there is a high possibility that the North will raise local provocations or a full-fledged war whenever while putting much emphasis on defense posture. As for the response concept of the Korean Government, it has been decided that 'ROK·US Combined Local Provocation Counter-Measure' will be adopted to act against local provocations from the North. Major provocation types include ▲ violation of the Northern Limit Line(NLL) with mobilization of military ships ▲ artillery provocations on Northwestern Islands ▲ low altitude airborne intrusion ▲ rear infiltration of SOF ▲ local conflicts within the Military Demarcation Line(MDL) ▲ attacking friendly ships by submarines. Counter-measures currently established by the US involves the support from USFK and USFJ. In order to keep the sworn promise, the US is reinforcing both USFK and USFJ. An all-out war situation will be met by 'CFC OPLAN5027' and 'Tailored Expansion Deterrence Forces' with the CFC playing a central role. The US augmentation forces stands at 690,000 troops, some 160 ships, 2,000 aircraft and this comprise 50% of US total forces, which is estimated to be ninefold of Korean forces. The CFC needs to be in center in handling both local provocations and an all-out war situation. However, the combat power of S. Korean conventional forces is approximately around 80% of that of N. Korea, which has been confirmed from comments made by Kim, Gwan-Jin, Defense Minister, during an interpellation session at the National Assembly. This means that S. Korean forces are not much growing. In particular, asymmetric capabilities of the North is posing a serious threat to the South including WMD, cyber warfare forces, SOF, forces targeting 5 Northwestern Islands, sub-surface and amphibious assault forces. The presence of such threats urgently requires immediate complementary efforts. For complementary efforts, the Korean Government should consider ① reinforcement of Korean forces; putting a stoppage to shrinking military, acquisition of adequate defense budget, building a missile defense and military leadership structure validity review, ② implementation of military tasks against the North; disciplinary measures on the sinking of ROKS Cheon-an/shelling of Yeonpyeong Islands, arrangement of inter-Korean military agreements, drawing lessons from studies on the correlation between aid for N. Korea, execution of inter-Korean Summit and provocations from the North, and ③ bolstering the ROK·US alliance; disregarding wartime operational control transfer plan(disassembling of CFC) and creation of a combined division.

Design of Collaborative Production & Supply Planning System based on ebXML (신발산업의 협업적 생산 및 공급계획시스템 설계)

  • Choi, Hyung-Rim;Hyun, Seung-Yong;Lim, Ho-Seob;Yoo, Dong-Yeol
    • Information Systems Review
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.1-24
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    • 2006
  • Now, the Korean footwear industry needs the concrete enhancement of its competitive edge for regaining of its previous well known reputation. For this purpose, this study emphasizes the cooperation between the members through the supply chain of Korean footwear industry, as a c-SCM(Collaborative Supply Chain Management) by aid of information system. The key issue will be how well to coordinate operations flow not only through internal process stages, but also through entire external supply chain stages. In other words, the target goal must be the system optimization through the entire supply chain beyond the local optimization of internal supply chain process. We, at first, analyze the traditional structure of supply chain in Korean footwear industry and find out critical problems, and then, we develop the collaborative information framework in conjunction with several collaborative process modules. The suggested collaborative production & supply planning system was designed for sharing information and it is based on ebXML(electronic business eXtensible Markup Language) framework. In this way, the enhancement of the efficiency and competitiveness can be expected through the synergy effect of coordination of information and material flow, the reduction of lead times, and production costs.

Ion beam irradiation for surface modification of alignment layers in liquid crystal displays (액정 디스플레이 배향막을 위한 이온빔 표면조사에 관한 연구)

  • Oh, Byeong-Yun;Kim, Byoung-Yong;Lee, Kang-Min;Kim, Young-Hwan;Han, Jeong-Min;Lee, Sang-Keuk;Seo, Dae-Shik
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2008.04a
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    • pp.41-41
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    • 2008
  • In general, polyimides (PIs) are used in alignment layers in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). The rubbing alignment technique has been widely used to align the LC molecules on the PI layer. Although this method is suitable for mass production of LCDs because of its simple process and high productivity, it has certain limitations. A rubbed PI surface includes debris left by the cloth, and the generation of electrostatic charges during the rubbing induces local defects, streaks, and a grating-like wavy surface due to nonuniform microgrooves that degrade the display resolution of computer displays and digital television. Additional washing and drying to remove the debris, and overwriting for multi-domain formation to improve the electro-optical characteristics such as the wide viewing angle, reduce the cost-effectiveness of the process. Therefore, an alternative to non-rubbing techniques without changing the LC alignment layer (i.e, PI) is proposed. The surface of LC alignment layers as a function of the ion beam (IE) energy was modified. Various pretilt angles were created on the IB-irradiated PI surfaces. After IB irradiation, the Ar ions did not change the morphology of the PI surface, indicating that the pretilt angle was not due to microgrooves. To verify the compositional behavior for the LC alignment, the chemical bonding states of the ill-irradiated PI surfaces were analyzed in detail by XPS. The chemical structure analysis showed that ability of LCs to align was due to the preferential orientation of the carbon network, which was caused by the breaking of C=O double bonds in the imide ring, parallel to the incident 18 direction. The potential of non-rubbing technology for fabricating display devices was further conformed by achieving the superior electro-optical characteristics, compared to rubbed PI.

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