• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.395-414
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• 2015

Diverse alternative economies have been discussed to overcome the problems with the globalizing neoliberal capitalism. Social economy and cooperatives are those focusing on the community economies; most countries have local economy-society based on mutual aid and common properties. Various experiences and institutions across local areas have been evolved to keep using their local resources in sustainable way. While recent social economy discussions in Korea are mostly in relation to economic crisis and focus on the Western experiences and institutions, the local area experiences in Korea are similar to the rules universal across countries along with particulars developed from local circumstances. Jeju has maintained village common fishing ground and Isidore farm which has been developed as an innovative type of cooperatives. These cases help to find community economies in practices and studying local experiences would enhance the opportunity to succeed in finding and practicing real alternative community economies in other local areas.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.25-35
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• 2018

Research addressing international new ventures' social responsibility activities is scarce. Specifically, researchers have little account for the effects of an international new venture's social responsibility efforts on the outcomes of relationships with local customers in emerging economies. Against this background, we attempt to extend the boundaries of an understanding of the effects of international new ventures' social responsibility engagement on local customers' loyalty through customer trust and customer identification in emerging economies. Based mainly on the stakeholder theory and the relationship marketing theory, our study conceptualize two facets of international new ventures' social responsibility efforts: ethical and philanthropic corporate social responsibility engagement. In addition, we identify positive customer relationship-building mechanisms for each facet. Furthermore, our study presents an empirically testable propositions that would explain how international new ventures' social responsibility efforts influence the outcomes of relationships with local customers in emerging economies. Finally, this manuscript provides a discussion of the present study' implications for theory and practice and limitations that naturally lead to future research on international new ventures' social responsibility activities in developing economies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2013

This Study includes the information of integrated discussion and economies of scale on local governments' sewerage treatment plant through translog function based on the reality reports of sewerage treatment plant operation published by Ministry of Environment and sewerage statistics data from 2005 to 2010. Based on analysis results from the data of 35 local governments in Jeollanamdo and Jeollabukdo, which are selected as pilot project areas of sewerage facility integration by Ministry of Environment and have low percent of sewered population, it shows the existence of economies of scale. The economies of scale on sewerage treatment show the loss of approximately 22,211 thousand ton/day in sewage treatment, it is 1.7 times compared to the average treatment amount of 35 local governments as of 2010. It means the economies of scale can be achieved by lowering operation cost along with large scale integration in installation, operation and maintenance due to the features of sewerage industry as one of network industry.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aims to explore the significance and potential strategies for revitalizing local currency systems. Designed for use within specific regions or communities, local currencies play a crucial role in supporting and revitalizing local economies. By promoting local consumption and supporting local businesses, local currencies contribute to economic growth and job creation at the community level. Research design, data and methodology: The research methodology involves a comprehensive review of existing literature and various case studies to analyze the effectiveness and sustainability of local currencies. The literature review investigates the theoretical background and diverse implementation cases of local currencies, while the case studies identify the success factors and challenges faced by actual local currency initiatives. Results: This paper confirms that local currencies contribute to economic growth and job creation at the community level by promoting local consumption and supporting local businesses. Additionally, this study investigates the economic, social, and environmental impacts of local currencies. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study analyzes the challenges faced by local currency systems and proposes strategies to enhance their effectiveness and sustainability. These strategies are expected to provide practical assistance in the development and implementation of local currencies, contributing to the revitalization of local economies and the sustainable development of local communities.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.22-33
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• 2018

The aim of the research study is to carve sustainable business strategies for the fashion communities in Ethiopia and Ukraine which are suffering today due to ever-increasing share of fast fashion consumerism. Fashion houses and international brands propagandize sustainability and consumption for better consumer base, where as originally sustainable local-based craftsmen still stay in the shade. Four communities/local designers are selected from the countries through the method of purposive sampling. Qualitative analysis is the basis of the research as we performed personal interviews and in-depth analysis of the communities to diagnose the problems and subsequently devise the solutions. In this research, we have studied and analyzed the problems faced by hereditary communities and ethnic designers in small and medium scale enterprise sector from two emerging economies. After the grounding the difficulties faced we advised strategies for sustainable future growth to the companies. The current academic literature on small and medium scale enterprises highlights the problems and solutions for general industry sectors. This paper brings attention to fashion communities and designers who promote national heritage and are struggling to survive in emerging economies due to industrialization and globalization. Moreover the comparison of the two geographies is unique in nature.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.4 s.55
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• pp.831-842
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• 1996

Demand for high quality medical care has recently been increasing in step with high level of income and education. Patients prefer the use of large general hospitals to small community hospitals. Large hospitals, usually located at urban area, expand their capacities to cope with the increasing demand, therefore, they easily secure revenue necessary for growth and development of hospitals. However, small community hospitals are facing with serious financial difficulties caused from the reduction of patients in one hand and the inflation of cost in another. If small rural hospitals were closed, the closure would have negative impacts on local economies in addition to the decrease in access to medical care. Community leaders should have an insight on the contribution of community hospitals to local economies. They could make a rational decision on the hospital closure only with the understanding of hospital's contribution to the community. This study is designed to develop an economic model to estimate the contribution of rural hospital to local economies, and also to apply this model with a specific hospital. The contribution of a hospital to local economies consists of two elements, direct effect and multiplier effects. The direct impacts include hospital's local purchasing power, employee's local purchasing power, and the consumption of patients coming from outside the community. The direct impact induces multiplication effect in the local economy. The seed money invested to other industries grows through economic activities in the region. This study estimated the direct effect with the data of expenditure of the case hospital. The total effect was calculated by multiplied the direct effect with a multiplier. The multiplier was drown from the ratio of marginal propensity of income and expenditure. Beside the estimation of the total impacts, the economic effect from the external resources was also analyzed by the use of the ratio of patients coming outside the region. The results are as follows. 1. The direct economic contribution of the hospital to the local economy is 1,104 million won. 2. The value of multiplier in the region is 2.976. 3. The total economic effect is 3,286 million won, and the multiplication effect is 2,182 million won. 4. The economic contribution from the external resources is 245 million won which is 7.5% of the total economic effect.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.175-201
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• 2014

This paper analyses the effect of R&D investment on local economies. R&D investment contributes to the regional local economy by increasing employment and production activity of the investees. The investees may end up with increased productivity, sales and employment. At the regional R&D level, the central government R&D fund and firm self R&D budget will be the source of R&D investment. Further positive effects are inter-related with local industries. This study carried out an empirical analysis on the effect of R&D investment on local economies using Korean panel data after comparing international literatures. The dynamic panel estimator is used to estimate an autoregressive model with lagged dependent variable. Using the Da Silva method, mixed variance-component moving-average error process is estimated and selected. R&D investment is very important factor to improve the productivity of a region and the size of the effect is dependent on the time periods within the Korean economic history.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.188-213
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• 2020

Various information and communication technologies (ICT) and electronic government (e-Government) projects have been planted in hopes of economic and social growth in developing economies. These types of ventures usually involve working in societies with their own unique cultures in various aspects that often cause "custom ways" of planning, implementing, coordinating, and controlling in IT projects, thus playing a grand role in determining the success of IT projects. Due to a lack of understanding of local cultural factors and a deficiency of cultural risk evaluation models, however, many IT projects especially in the context of developing economies face failure. This study investigates the major cultural factors involved in IT projects and their effects on IT projects in developing economies. The framework is validated using the United Nations Development Programme's (UNDP) information and communication technology (ICT) and e-Government project cases of two countries in Central Asia, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. This study will help project managers develop management practices and strategies associated with the cultural factors they face during the various stages of their IT projects in their specific contexts.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.209-234
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• 2016

This study examines the effects of exporter agglomeration on purely local firms' decision to undertake internationalization and the resultant performance enhancement from internationalization using propensity score matching and difference-in-differences approach. We find that the likelihood of starting to export is higher when purely local firms are located in a region with a higher level of exporter agglomeration, as positive externalities allow them to overcome insufficient internal resources and reduce the large initial foreign market entry costs. We also find that newly exporting firms are more likely to experience greater performance enhancement from exporting when they are locate in a region with a lower level of exporter agglomeration.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.59-90
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• 2020

U.S. monetary policy has been claimed to generate global spillover and to destabilize other small open economies. We analyze the effects of certain identified U.S. monetary shocks on gross capital flows in the Korean economy using the local projection method. Consistent with previous results on other small open economies, we initially confirm that U.S. interest rate hikes are dynamically correlated with foreign outflows and residents' inflows. That is, not only are they correlated with withdrawals by foreigners but they are also correlated with those by domestic (Korean) investors. The results are mostly driven by portfolio flows. Second, however, the marginal response to a U.S. monetary policy shock is, on average, subdued if we focus on the sample periods after the Global financial crisis of 2007-2008 (henceforth, global financial crisis). We conjecture a possible reason behind the change, an institutional change related to financial friction. If the degree of pledgeability of the value of net worth increases, the marginal responses by both investors would drop with a U.S. monetary policy shock, consistent with our findings.