• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2016

Recognition of human motions has become a main area of computer vision due to its potential human-computer interface (HCI) and surveillance. Among those existing recognition techniques for human motions, head detection and tracking is basis for all human motion recognitions. Various approaches have been tried to detect and trace the position of human head in two-dimensional (2D) images precisely. However, it is still a challenging problem because the human appearance is too changeable by pose, and images are affected by illumination change. To enhance the performance of head detection and tracking, the real-time three-dimensional (3D) data acquisition sensors such as time-of-flight and Kinect depth sensor are recently used. In this paper, we propose an effective feature extraction method, called adaptive local binary pattern (ALBP), for depth image based applications. Contrasting to well-known conventional local binary pattern (LBP), the proposed ALBP cannot only extract shape information without texture in depth images, but also is invariant distance change in range images. We apply the proposed ALBP for head detection and tracking in depth images to show its effectiveness and its usefulness.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.13-20
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• 2010

Schools have developed together with local communities, as leading public buildings that represent local communities. Most elementary schools are located in walking distance, so that makes it possible to maintain close relationships with local residents. This study examine outside space where the school buildings are restructured for new images through public park project. The results of this research as follows. 1st, Public park project of school facilities is charge of key role to improve urban image. 2nd, Public park project of school facilities promote environmental, social and educational participation of school members. 3rd, We need to develop a outside space plan and to gather diverse opinions before we start on the Public park project of school facilities. 4th, It is important to maintain the space desirable through sharing of roles by members of schools and local communities. Public park project of school facilities has to be the center of participation, process, commune and practical use.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.89-92
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• 2008

In generally, the regression rate equation was only expressed by function of oxidizer massflux in hybrid propulsion system. This can not represent the local value of regression rate along with oxidizer flow direction. In this study, experimental studies were performed with several pieces of solid fuel. As results, the local regression rate decreases rapidly with axial location near entrance, and increases with axial distance from the leading edge. The empirical formula for local regression rate with function of oxidizer massflux and length was derived.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.51.2-51.2
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• 2014

Ultra faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs) are larger but fainter than globular clusters, being the faintest galaxies in the universe. They have been found only in the Local Group. We report the discovery of an UFD in the intracluster field of the Virgo cluster (Virgo UFD1). It is located near the core of Virgo cluster, and far from any massive galaxies. The color magnitude diagram of resolved stars in Virgo UFD1 shows narrow, metal poor red giant branch (RGB), which is very similar to the UFDs in the Local Group. by comparing RGB in this galaxy with 12 Gyr stellar isochrones, we estimate its distance, $d=16.4{\pm}0.4$ Mpc and mean metallicity, $[Fe/H]=-2.4{\pm}0.4$. We derive its integrated photometric properties and structural parameters : V-band absolute magnitude of $MV=-6.3{\pm}0.2$, effective radius of $84{\pm}7pc$, and central surface brightness of ${\mu}V,0=26.49{\pm}0.09$ mag arcsec-2. These properties are similar to these of Local Group UFDs. Virgo UFD1 is the first UFD discovered beyond the Local Group. These results indicate that it may be a fossil remnant of the first galaxies.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.467-476
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• 2000

An unsteady numerical simulation was performed for locally-forced separated and reattaching flow over a backward-facing step. The local forcing was given to the separated and reattaching flow by means of a sinusoidally oscillating jet from a separation line. A version of the $k-{\varepsilon}-f_{\mu}$ model was employed, in which the near-wall behavior without reference to distance and the nonequilibrium effect in the recirculation region were incorporated. The Reynolds number based on the step height (H) was fixed at $Re_H=33000$, and the forcing frequency was varied in the range $0{\leq}St_H{\leq}2$. The predicted results were compared and validated with the experimental data of Chun and Sung. It was shown that the unsteady locally-forced separated and reattaching flows are predicted reasonably well with the $k-{\varepsilon}-f_{\mu}$ model. To characterize the large-scale vortex evolution due to the local forcing, numerical flow visualizations were carried out.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.112-119
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• 1995

Measurements of the local heat transfer coeffcients on a spherically concave surface with a round impinging jet are presented. The liquid crystal transient method was used for these measurements. This method, which is a variation on the transient method, suddenly exposes a preheated wall to an impinging jet while video recording the response of liquid crystals for the measurement of the surface temperature. The Reynolds numbers used were 1,000, 23,000 and 50,000 and the nozzle-to-jet distance was L/d=2, 4, 6, 8, 10. Presented results are compared to previous measurements for flat plate. In the experiment, the local heat transfer Nusselt numbers on a concave surface are higher than those on a flat plate. Maximum Nusselt number at all region occured at L/d=6 and second maximum in the Nusselt number occured at R/d=2 for both Re=50,000 and Re=23,000 in case of L/d=2 and for only Re=50,000 in case of L/d=4. All other cases exhibit monotonically decreasing value of the Nusselt number along the curved surface.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.31-56
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• 2020

This study investigates the impact of the use of the main local languages in Burkina Faso (Moore, Dioula, Fulfulde) on labor force participation. Using Ethnologue language data, I compute the relative language distance reduction index, after which I use a probit/logit model and instrumental variable approach to account for language use policy endogeneity. This study finds that the use of the Moore language increases the likelihood of labor force participation by 36 percent, with a strong impact on women at 59 percent, nine times higher than men, and 38.3 percent for rural individuals, five times higher than individuals living in urban areas. The Dioula language exhibits comparable trends, while Fulfulde has a negative impact on individuals. The study recommends the use of local language(s) as official language(s) to improve labor force participation. However, a bilingual approach combining local and international language(s) will be of use to account for globalization and international competitiveness. The findings here may be of use to researchers and policymakers as part of their effort to increase the labor force participation rates of women and rural individuals. Moreover, this research has significant implications with regard to the implementation of language use policies in a variety of postcolonial language contexts.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.89-100
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• 2019

Uniform and integrated college desks and chairs have low efficiency of loading for transportation and delivery and low efficiency of storage for warehousing due to their simple uniform physical properties, thus increasing logistics costs for companies and decreasing their competitiveness. In an effort to overcome the limitations of previous studies, this study analyzed the stages of logistics for desks and chairs in college lecture rooms via the transportation route including the factory warehouses and local warehouses and via the delivery route from local warehouses by the region to the orderers including college lecture rooms. The study developed a model for the rationalization of corporate logistics by making a variable folding desk and chair capable of distance adjustment according to height to replace the uniform and integrated college desks and chairs in lecture rooms. A model was developed between the old uniform and integrated college desks and chairs and the new variable folding desks and chairs for three scenarios of cost development including product storage costs, transportation costs from the specialized factory warehouses to the local warehouses by the region, and delivery costs from the local warehouses to college lecture rooms as the orderer. For the generalization of the model, it was applied to each of the 90%, 95%, and 99% service levels.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.12spc
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• pp.629-635
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• 2021

In the spring, 2020, the pandemic caused quarantine and all educational institutions switched to distance learning, which led to significant changes in the field of education around the world. It has become necessary to build its capacity to provide distance learning to protect education and create opportunities for more individualized approaches to teaching and learning not only during future pandemics but also during other possible issues, such as natural disasters, when a developed flexible curricula could be taught face-to-face or online. The article presents an analysis of distance education in the world during a pandemic, analyzes significant changes, and implements measures in the field of education in Ukraine and around the world. The role of public and international organizations in the implementation of quarantine in the conditions of COVID-19, which partially took over the functions of state and local authorities, is emphasized. The closure of schools under COVID-19 has led to a de facto deterioration in learning outcomes, so we have analyzed the effects of distance learning and digital inequality in the world. It is shown how the COVID-19 pandemic affected access to public services in Ukraine.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.152-159
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• 2019

In general, a Doppler radar can measure only the velocity of a moving target. To measure the distance of a moving target, it is necessary to use a frequency-modulated continuous wave or pulse radar. However, the latter are very complex in terms of both hardware as well as signal processing. Moreover, the requirement of wide bandwidth necessitates the use of millimeter-wave frequency bands of 24 GHz and 77 GHz. Recently, a new kind of Doppler radar using multitone frequency has been studied to sense the distance of moving targets in addition to their speed. In this study, we show that distance sensing of moving targets is possible by adjusting only the frequency of a 2.4 GHz Doppler radar with low cost phase lock loop. In particular, we show that distance can be sensed using only alternating current information without direct current offset information. The proposed technology satisfies the Korean local standard for low power radio equipment for moving target identification in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, and enables multiple long-range sensing and radio-frequency identification applications.