• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.380-393
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the lift-style and eating behavior of stomach cancer patients in the Daegu and Kyungpook area, and to collect basic data for nutrition education designed to prevent stomach cancer in this community. The subjects of the study were 102 patients who were recently diagnosed as having stomach cancer at the Kyungpook National University Hospital. The control subjects were 105 persons who did not have any gastrointestinal disease, and included patients from the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and healthy volunteers. The survey, which covered the personal characteristics and eating behavior of the subjects, was conducted by individual interviews using questionnaires. It was found that the stomach cancer patients (case group) had experienced a significantly higher level of stress in their daily lives than the control group. A significantly higher proportion of the case group subjects recognized their personality as pessimistic, and had family histories of cancer, compared with the control group subjects. The cancer patients had higher preferences for salty and hot tasting foods, and tended to ingest meals faster without enough chewing, compared with the control subjects. The level of nutritional knowledge of the case group was lower than the control group, and there was a positive correlation between subjects' nutritional knowledge scores and nutritional attitude scores. Subjects' estimates of their food intake frequencies during the decade before the cancer was diagnosed revealed that the case group consumed significantly higher amounts of pickled fish, soybean paste soup and stew, cooked vegetables, beef and pork, charcoal broiled meat and alcohol, while consuming significantly lower amounts of green tea than the control group. In summary, the results of the study suggest that the stress of daily life, a family history of cancer, and a pessimistic personality might be the risk factors for the development of stomach cancer. Dietary factors which were suspected as risk factors for stomach cancer in the present study included strong preferences to salty and hot lasting foods, poor eating habits, and frequent consumption of pickled fish, soybean paste soup, cooked vegetables, beef and pork, charcoal broiled meat and alcohol. A high consumption of green tea seemed to be a protective factor against stomach cancer. The results of the study appear to provide useful data for nutritional education focussed on the prevention on stomach rancor in local residents.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.400-414
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• 1999

Objectives: This is a descriptive study which was carried out to identify characteristics of the chronic mentally ill and their families in a rural area and the influencing factors on family burden. Methods : Data was collected for seven months beginning April 1, 1998 by questionnaire from chronic mentally ill patients and their families in two towns and seven townships of the rural areas of Kyonggi Province. In additional to the mental diagnosis of the mentally ill patients, family burden was measured by interviewing the other family members using the questionnaire developed by Pai & Kapur (1981). Of those interviewed, 103 patients were selected for final analysis. Results : Of 103 mentally ill patients, 36.1% of the subjects were not under treatment. In particular, of 29 patients with schizophrenia, 48.3% of the subjects had stopped taking medication and 6.9% of the subjects had never been treated. According to the results of a specialized examination by a psychologist, 81% of patients were in need of Hospitalization. Most primary caregivers were parents. Of the 101 primary caregivers in the study, 39.6% were over 65 years old. In case of death of the primary caregiver, 50.5% of these 101 mentally ill patients would not have anyone to care for them. Of the various kinds of family burden, primary caregivers most often reported psychological stress. Overall, the families of dementia and schizophrenia patients complained of the most family burden. Through univariative analysis, the variables of sex, education and current treatment type of the patients, the relationship with the patient and marital status of the primary caregiver and the number of people living together in the household showed significant correlation with the family burden of schizophrenia patients. Univariative analysis also showed that there were a number of variables which were correlated to the family burden in mentally retarded patients. Concerning the need for mental health services, the most common requests were for entitlement to disability benefits and housing programs. Conclusions: Community mental health services in rural areas must be developed, planned and executed in consideration of the local situation. In particular, the development of various family support programs is needed in order to mitigate emotional, mental and economic burdens and carry out a positive role to care for and rehabilitate patients.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.72-83
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• 2016

Purpose: The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term success of horizontal alveolar crest augmentation of the retromolar region of the mandible with particulated bone, as well as factors affecting subsequent peri-implant bone loss. Methods: A total of 109 patients (68 female, 41 male) suffering from alveolar ridge deficiencies of the maxilla and mandible were included in this study. All patients were treated with particulated retromolar bone grafts from the mandible prior to the insertion of endosseous dental implants. Mesial and distal peri-implant crestal bone changes were assessed at six time points. Several parameters, including implant survival and the influence of age, gender, localisation of the implant, diameter, covering procedures, and time points of implant placement, were analysed to identify associations with bone level changes using the Mann-Whitney U-test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient. Results: A total of 164 dental implants were placed in the maxilla (n=97) and in the mandible (n=67). The mean observation period was $105.26{\pm}21.58$ months after implantation. The overall survival rate was 97.6% after 10 years. Overall, peri-implant bone loss was highest during the first year, but decreased over time. The mean amount of bone loss after 10 years was 2.47 mm mesially and 2.50 mm distally. Bone loss was significantly influenced by implant type and primary stability. Conclusions: The use of particulated autologous retromolar bone grafts is a reliable technique for the horizontal reconstruction of local alveolar ridge deficiencies. Our results demonstrate that implants placed in augmented bone demonstrated similar bone level changes compared to implants inserted in non-augmented regions.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.661-668
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• 2004

A novel method to reject the spurious signals which are occurred at Weaver-type low-IF transmitter was proposed in this paper. The spurious signals are generated by the gain and phase imbalances of I/Q channel or imperfect characteristics of 90$^{\circ}$ phase shifter in local oscillator for I/Q channel source. By deriving the gain and phase-based functions from RF spurious signal with the channel imbalance information, the lie channel imbalances were deduced as functions with magnitude and sign dependent on I/Q channel imbalance degree. The proposed method compensates the estimated I/Q channel imbalances by correlation values between the down-converted signal obtained by squaring the output signal itself using a simple mixer and the modified baseband signal. By comparing two signals after A/D conversion, the magnitude and sign of each type of imbalances can be determined separately and simultaneously. Based on the I/Q channel imbalance compensation, the spurious signals can be reduced by adjusting the gain and phase values of I or Q channel signal. The way to estimate the channel imbalances of the up-conversion mixer was presented and verified by using theoretical derivations and computer simulations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.1
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• pp.122-131
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of climatic variables on tree-ring growth of Larix leptolepis distributed in Korea by dendroclimatological method. For this, annual tree-ring growth data of Larix leptolepis collected by the $5^{th}$ National Forest Inventory were first organized to analyze yearly growth patterns of the species. To explain the relationship between tree-ring growth of Larix leptolepis and climatic variables, monthly temperature and precipitation data from 1950 to 2010 were compared with tree-ring growth data for each county. When tree-ring growth data were analyzed through cluster analysis based on similarity of climatic conditions, six clusters were identified. In addition, index chronology of Larix leptolepis for each cluster was produced through cross-dating and standardization procedures. The adequacy of index chronologies was tested using basic statistics such as mean sensitivity, auto correlation, signal to noise ratio, and expressed population signal of annual tree-ring growth. Response function analysis was finally conducted to reveal the relationship between tree-ring growth and climatic variables for each cluster. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable information necessary for estimating local growth characteristics of Larix leptolepis and for predicting changes in tree growth patterns caused by climate change.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.759-768
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• 2015

The ground motions of large dimensional structures such as long span bridges at different stations during an earthquake, are inevitably different, which is known as the ground motion spatial variation effect. There are many causes that may result in the spatial variability in seismic ground motion, e.g., the wave passage effect due to the different arrival times of waves at different locations; the loss of coherency due to seismic waves scattering in the heterogeneous medium of the ground; the site amplification effect owing to different local soil properties. In previous researches, the site amplification effects have not been considered or considered by a single-layered soil model only. In this study, however, the ground motion amplification and filtering effects are evaluated by multi-layered soil model. Spatially varying ground motion at the sites with different number of layers, depths, and soil characteristics are generated and the variation characteristics of ground motion time histories according to the correlation of coherency loss function and soil conditions are evaluated. For the bridge system composed of two unit bridges, seismic behavior characteristics are analyzed using the generated seismic waves as input ground motion. Especially, relative displacement due to coherency loss and site effect which can cause the unseating and pounding between girders are evaluated. As a result, considering the soil conditions of each site are always important and should not be neglected for an accurate structural response analysis.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.467-475
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to propose the evaluation criteria of asphalt pavement condition in narrow regional road considering the traffic environment in order to reduce road budget of local governments. In general, narrow regional roads are considered relatively less important because they have low travel speed and low traffic volume of heavy-vehicle. Generally, automatic surveying equipment is used for investigations of pavement condition, but the operating costs are not efficient for the narrow regional roads because the cost is too high. This study presents the pavement condition evaluation index suitable for narrow regional roads. In this study, the pavement condition evaluation index is presented considering the traffic environment of narrow regional roads. The pavement condition were classified into three classes based on the crack measured by visual inspection, and the validity of the pavement condition evaluation index presented through the expert's questionnaire survey was examined. Pavement condition for the narrow regional roads was classified into three grades based on the index values calculated by visual inspection. Expert's surveys were conducted to evaluate the validity of the proposed pavement condition evaluation. The proposed evaluation index shows a high correlation with questionnaire survey result ($R^2=0.88$). The proposed evaluation index which is obtained through visual crack inspection under limited conditions can be applied to narrow regional roads. In addition, it is expected that it will be effective not only for road management but also for road management budget by more economical evaluation method of pavement condition.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 1994

Cooking characteristics of ninety five non-glutinous and twenty six glutinous varieties were checked for understanding the varietal variation and interrelationship between the cooking and physicochemical properties of rice grain. The greatest variation in non-glutinous and glutinous rice varieties was observed in iodine blue value and the next large variation was recognized in amount of soluble solid in cooking water. Average values of volume expansion rate, iodine blue value and amounts of soluble solid in cooking water were different among domestic-bred japonica, Korean local and foreign rice varieties. Korean-bred japonica rice cultivars can be classified into several groups having same cooking quality such as <Jangan.·Seoan>, <Jinmi·Ilpum· Daeseong>, <Seohae·Namwon·Yeongduk>, <Chucheong·Bongkwang>, <Odae·Keumo> and <Hwacheong·Donghae·Palgong> by the distribution on the plane of 1st and 2nd principal components contracted from four cooking characteristics. Glutinous rice cultivars can be grouped into several different cooking quality types such as <Nonglimna 1·Suwon 357·Jodo·Inbujinado>, <Sangnambatbyeo·Jeokdo>, <Mujudo·Daigol-mochi>, <Daegoldo·Jindo>, <Jinbuchal·Colored Daegoldo>, <Shinseonchal·Hung-Tsan> and <Agudo·Irakdo> by the same analysis. Positive correlation was found between volume expansion rate and water absorption rate at 21℃. Iodine blue value was correlated negatively with amounts of soluble solid, and positively with amylose content in non-glutinous rices. In glutinous rices volume expansion rate showed positive relationship with iodine blue value, amounts of soluble solid and gel consistency. Iodine blue value was also positively correlated with alkali digestion value in glutinous rice.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.430-439
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• 2020

Purpose: As the frequency of impact typhoons increases and the form of damage becomes more complicated, the need for information to help disaster response workers recognize the typhoon situation in advance is growing. In this study, Definitions and implementation measures for information utilized at each stage of the task were proposed in carrying out typhoon response tasks that occur every year. Method: In 2019, the government classified information that was used for each step of work and conducted analysis on necessary information for the situation. Based on the analyzed information, typhoon status information was established through an opinion survey by central and local government officer. Result: The task of typhoon situations was the most important part of monitoring weather conditions and sharing damage situations, and the information utilized was analyzed to require information derived through the convergence of historical and situation information. Conclusion: As the correlation between work and information between the response departments increases as the typhoon situation progresses, information about typhoon situation should be applied to the actual typhoon situation in the future to enhance information and establish a related system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.723-727
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• 2003

The antioxidant activities and their antioxidant compounds of a group of teas obtained in local markets were investigated. A total of 18 teas were tested for their antioxidant activities based on their ability to scavenge ABTS (2,2'-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation radical and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical. The former was expressed as mg of ascorbic acid equivalents per 1 tea bag (L-ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity, AEAC) and the latter was expressed as percentage of electron donating activity (EDA%). A good correlation of AEAC and EDA was observed between the two methods. The concentrations of total polyphenolics and flavonoids in tea extracts were measured by spectrophotometric methods. Total ascorbic acid was determined via the 2,6-dicholoroindophenol titrimetric method. According to the AEAC value and EDA, black tea, brown rice green tea, green tea, herb tea and malva tea showed relatively high antioxidant activities. Polyphenolic compounds were the major naturally occurring antioxidant compounds found in teas and the high concentrations of polyphenolic compounds were observed in black tea, green tea and herb tea. Overall, six teas out of 18 teas tested in the study showed better antioxidant activities and higher amounts of total polyphenolic compounds.