• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2001년도 제18차 정기총회 및 학술발표 PROCEEDINGS
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• pp.24-39
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• 2001

These experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional and feeding value of red pepper seed oil meal (RPSOM) as local vegetable protein ingredients for poultry feeding. In the first experiment, nutritional values of RPSOM were evaluated by analyzing chemical compositions and determining true metabolizable energy (TME), nitrogen corrected TME (TMEn) and true available amino acid (TAAA) contents. According to the chemical analysis, RPSOM contained 22.50％ of crude protein, 4.75％ of ether extract, 27.70％ of crude fiber, 0.34 mg／g of capsaicin and 49.97 ppm of xanthophylls. The values of TME and TMEn determined by force-feeding 16 roosters (ISA-Brown) were 1.73 kcal／g and 1.63 kcal／g on dry matter basis, respectively. The average TAAA value of 16 amino acids measured by the force－feeding technique was 81.70％. These values were used for formulating experimental diets containing various levels of RPSOM for broiler chicks and laying hens. Two feeding trials were made to investigate the effects of dietary incorporation of RPSOM into chicken feed performances of broiler chicks and laying hens. In the broiler feeding (Exp. 2), a total of two hundred twenty-five, 4 wk old male broiler chicks (Ross) were randomly divided into 9 groups of 25 birds each and assigned to three experimental diets containing 0, 5 and 10% RPSOM. The birds were fed ad libitum the diets for 3 wk and feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion rate were determined. At the end of the feeding, the blood levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and cholesterol, and the body and fatty acid compositions of leg muscle were measured. No significant differences were observed in weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion rate, body composition, serum levels of GOT, GGT and BUN among the treatments. However, blood cholesterol level was lower (P＜0.05) in 10% RPSOM diet group than those in the other. The dietary RPSOM at 5 and 10% levels increased the content of linoleic acid (P＜0.05) in leg muscle compared to that of control group. The results indicate that RPSOM can be used for broiler feed up to 10% without any significant negative effects on broiler performance. In the layer feeding (Exp. 3), the effects of dietary RPSOM on the performances of laying hen were investigated by feeding ninety 45 wk old laying hens (ISA-Brown) with experimental diets containing 0, 5 and 10% RPSOM for 4 wk (30 birds per treatment). Measurements were made on egg production rate, egg weight, feed intake, Haugh unit, egg shell strength which was higher (P＜0.05) in layers fed 10% RPSOM diet compared to those fed 0 and 5% RPSOM diets. Thus, it can be concluded that RPSOM can be included into laying hen feed up to 10% without any harmful effects.

• 환경생물
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.223-227
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• 2007

산악형 국립공원지역 내에서 일부 야생동물종이 빠르게 증식하고 있다. 규모가 작고 공원 내 1/3이상의 면적이 사유지인 우리나라 국립공원의 특성상 서식동물수의 증가와 함께 이로 인한 농작물 피해도 함께 급증하고 있다. 농작물에 가장 많은 피해를 주는 위해조수종은 멧돼지 (Sus scrofa)인 것으로 조사되었으며 농작물 채식, 농경지 밟음 등이 대표적인 피해유형으로 나타났다. 이외 고라니 (Hydropotes inermis), 너구리 (Nyctereutes procyonoides), 오소리 (Meles meles)등에 의한 피해도 조사되었다. 대부분의 피해작물은 옥수수, 고구마, 배추 등의 밭작물로서 전체 피해작물의 76.9%에 이르고 있다. 야생동물에 의한 피해는 매년 6월경부터 시작되어 11월까지 계속되었으며 이는 산림 내에서 구할 수 있는 먹이원의 수급현황 및 기후조건과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 피해방제에 대한 자구책으로는 경작지 곳곳에 기피제를 설치하는 방법을 많이 사용하고 있으며 (n=54) 발성체 및 허수아비 등을 설치하는 경우가 있었으나 실제 효과는 극히 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 전체 조사가구의 92.4% (n=187)가 경작면적 1ha이하의 텃밭 수준의 소규모 영농을 하고 있으며 일부 농민들을 제외하고는 피해발생에 대한 민원은 거의 없었다. 이는 야생동물 피해에 대한 법적 제도적 보상체계가 미비되어 있음에 기인하며 객관적인 피해현황 분석기법의 확립과 이를 통한 보상대책과 관리방안이 시급히 마련되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2004

Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) in Korea has been used to improve environmental conservation and decision-making. Since environmental impact statement(EIS) was introduced in 1981 with the promulgation of the Environmental Preservation Act in 1977, which replaced the Pollution Control Act legislated in 1963. With a rapid growth of environmental perception as well as the diversification of development activities, however, it has recently bring about a strong demand for a new assessment process related to the strategic level of policies, plan, programs. Method of this study includes analyses of the situation of local EIA and its problematic issues through survey and analysis of information and data, analysis of the level of environmental awareness of professionals and case studies including analysis of foreign strategic environmental assessment. Accordingly, I have elicited a concept of SEA. In addition, I have studied on costs of environmental assessment, and efficiency of internalization of HIA. The survey was carried between September and November 2003, and 177 professionals were asks to complete a questionnaire. As a result of questionnaire survey of environmental pundits, it revealed that 83.8% of participants were in favor of introduction of strategic assessment. This result demonstrated more or less higher approval rate than those of awareness survey done by the Ministry of Environment, i.e. 86.0% ayes, and 14.0% nays. 22.8% of participants agreed to the opinion; "For introduction of this system, earlier is better," 50% reported having an opinion such as, "Will introduce this system in an earliest possible time after correcting problems," 26.3% reported having an opinion such as, "Let's decide the time for introduction of this system after correcting problems first,' and 0.9% reported having an opinion, "it's too early to introduce this system." Specifically, the ratio of ayes on introduction of the system marked 72.8%, and it revealed that a majority of respondents have an opinion such as, "Will introduce this system in an earliest possible time after correcting problems." As means of solutions for the problem regarding the limits of applications that existed in SEA System, factors, such as collecting a wide variety of opinions, securing experts, and faithful implementation, etc. were reported important, and in addition to these factors, respondents revealed having opinions such as, consistent research and development, reflection of public interest, establishment of professional organization, enforcement of after-management service, expanding investments in large, systemizing reference materials, and encouraging public participation, etc. To improve problems involving with present EIA system, it has been identified through this study that SEA is efficient and useful. In order to have SEA introduced successfully, it has been cleared that internalization of effectiveness of environmental cost together with HIA must be accomplished.

• 식물병연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.254-258
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• 2009

전형적인 모자이크 증상의 표주박(Lagenaria leucantha var. gourda)으로부터 CMV를 분리하고 Lag-CMV로 명명하였다. 표주박에서 분리한 Lag-CMV는 N. benthamiana에서 전신감염되어 전형적인 모자이크 증상을 나타내 대조로 공시한 CMV들과 유사하였다. 그러나 N. tabacum. cv. Xanthi nc에서 접종엽에 퇴록반점이 형성되는 점이 As-CMV와 유사하였으며, 접종엽에 무병징을 나타낸 Fny-CMV와 구분되었다. 또한 Fny-CMV에 감염된 오이와 쥬키니 호박은 매우 심한 모자이크 증상을 나타낸 반면, Lag-CMV와 As-CMV에 감염된 식물은 비교적 엷은 모자이크 병징이 발현되었다. 고추에서는 Fny-CMV와 As-CMV가 접종상엽에 모자이크 증상이 발현되으나, Lag-CMV는 무병징으로 감염되었다. Lag-CMV에 감염된 N. benthamiana로부터 추출한 dsRNA의 전기영동 패턴은 대조의 Fny-CMV나 As-CMV의 dsRNA와 종류 및 분자 크기에서 차이를 나타내지 않았다. Lag-CMV에 감염된 N. benthamiana로부터 추출한 total RNA를 외피단백질 유전자와 IR 및 3' 비번역영역 일부를 포함하는 약 950 bp의 cDNA합성을 위한 프라이머를 이용하여 RT-PCR을 실시한 결과 약 950 bp의 cDNA가 검출되었다. 이 cDNA를 제한효소 EcoRI, HindIII, MspI, SalI 및 XhoI으로 처리한 후 RFLP분석을 실시한 결과, Lag-CMV의 RFLP패턴은 As-CMV와 일치하였다. 한편 이 cDNA를 이용하여 염기서열을 분석한 결과, 염기서열의 유사도는 As-CMV와 99.1%, Fny-CMV와는 94.5%였으며, 외피단백질의 아미노산서열 유사도는 As-CMV는 100%, Fny-CMV와 97.3%를 나타냈다. 이와 같은 결과들로부터 표주박에서 분리한 Lag-CMV는 As-CMV와 같은 서브그룹 IB에 속하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2006

해양심층수 처리가 과채류 육묘 시 도장억제에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과 다음과 같다. 심층수의 처리 농도에 따른 플러그 묘의 생육을 조사해 본 결과 초장, 생체중, 건물중이처리 농도가 높아짐에 따라 비례적으로 감소하였다. 토마토 초장의 경우 심층수 처리구에서는 약 8%, 25%, 32%결과를 보였고, 고추는 각 약 9%, 26%, 27% 감소하였고, 오이 초장의 경우에는 심층수 처리구에서는 약 21%, 50%, 58% 감소하였다. 생체중의 경우 처리 농도가 높아짐에 따라 지상부의 생체중보다 지하부의 생체중이 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 토마토 심층수 처리구의 지상부의 생체중 감소률은 각 12%, 23%, 33%이고, 지하부는 각 2%, 30%, 52% 감소하였다 고추의 경우 지상부의 생체중은 1.1%, 5.7%, 15.4% 감소하였고, 지하부의 생체중은 22.1%, 25%, 47.1% 감소하였다. 오이는 지상부 생체중은 8.1%, 36%, 51% 감소하였고, 지하부 생체중은 6.2%, 11%, 65% 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 엽면적은 농도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 건물중의 경우 생체중과 마찬가지로 처리 농도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 심층수 30% 처리구에서는 지하부의 생장이 약 50% 정도 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 또한 묘 소질 평가지수의 하나인 조직의 충실도(compactness)는 토마토의 경우 20%심층수에서 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈고, 오이의 경우에서도 20% 심층수 처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 고추 유묘에서도 20%의 해양심층수를 공급할 때 가장 충실도가 높았다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.132-138
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish general guidelines for the treatment of patients with early glottic cancer(T1-2N0M0), by assessing the role of primary radiation therapy and by analyzing the tumor-related and treatment-related factors that influence treatment results. We also studied the results of hypofractionated radiation therapy for early glottic cancer. Material and Methods: This retrospective study comprised 48 patients who suffered from early glottic cancer and were treated by primary radiotherapy at Inha University Hospital, between May 1997 and October 2004. T-stage distribution showed 38 patients as T1 and 10 patients as stage T2. Thirty-eight patients underwent hypofractionated radiotherapy using a 6 MY photon beam, a total tumor dose of 63Gy, in 5 weekly fractions of 2.25Gy, with an overall radiation treatment time of 38 days. Ten patients in the T2 stage tolerated a total dose of 63-72 Gy(median 68.4Gy) in 5 weekly fractions of 1.8-2.0Gy, with an overall radiation treatment time of 40-87 days(median 51 days). All patients were followed up for at least 3 years. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the prognostic factors affecting the treatment results. Result: The 5-year survival rate was 92% for all patients, 94% for T1 patients and 91% for T2 patients. The local control rate was 93.5% for all patients, 95% for T1 and 92.2% for T2 patients. Three patients suffered a relapse following radiotherapy, and underwent subsequent salvage surgery. We included T-stage, tumor location, total radiation dose, field size and overall radiation treatment time as potential prognostic factors. Only T-stage was found to be statistically significant in the univariate analysis, but in the multivariate analysis, it was not found to be significant. Conclusion: High curative and voice preservation rates were obtained with hypofractionated radiotherapy. Further study with a larger number of patients is needed to determine the prognostic factors affecting treatment results.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 1999

Purpose: We performed this study retrospectively to evaluate local control, survival, prognostic factors, and failure patterns in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring. Materials and Methods: From April 1984 to November 1996,41 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring were treated with combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Age was ranged from 19 to 73 years old with a median age of 55 years, and there were 26 male and 15 female patients. Primary site was tonsil in 26 and base of the tongue in 7 and nasopharynx in 8, and stage distribution showed stage I in 12 and stage II in 29 patients. Pathologic classification was done according to Working Formulation. There were 1 with follicular mixed small cleaved and large cell, 8 with diffuse small cleaved cell, 7 with diffuse mixed small and large cell, and 25 cases with diffuse large cell. All patients were treated with combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Chemotherapy regimen consisted of either CHOP-Bleo(cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, prednisolone, bleomycin) or COP-BLAM III(cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone, bleomycin, adriamycin, procarbazine). Radiation dose ranged from 3600cGy to 6620cGy with a median dose of 5040cGy. Follow-up time was ranged from 15 months to 159 months(median 55 months). Results: The complete response was achieved in 98%(40/41) and partial response in 2%(1/41). The complete response rate were the followings: 66.7% for stage I and 51.7% for stage II after chemotherapy, 100% for stage I and 96.6% for stage II after overall treatment respectively. The overall survival rate and disease-tree survival rates at 5 years were 82.6% and 79.5%, respectively. Prognostic factors for overall survival were age(p=0.007), stage(p=0.03), nodal status(p=0.006) and radiation dose(p=0.003). The factors associated with disease-tree survival were stage(p=0.04), nodal status(p=0.004) and radiation dose(p=0.009). The failure patterns were analized in evaluable 35 patients with complete response. Locoregional failure was noted in 2 patients and distant metastasis in 5 patients. Conclusion: Our results suggest that combined modality therapy is the appropriate treatment for stage I-II intermediate grade non-hodgkin's lymphoma of the Waldeyer's ring. However, our material is small and the analysis is retrospective. Randomized prospective studies for combined therapy, radiation therapy alone and chemotherapy alone are needed.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.390-394
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal storage condition of pre-packed Hanwoo beef without freezing. Hanwoo loin was purchased from a local distributor at 48 h after slaughter, then sliced in $1.5{\pm}0.5$ cm thickness, and packed in a polyethylene (PE) tray covered with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) film. The studied factors to set the optimal storage condition were chamber temperature (5, 2.5 and $-1^{\circ}C$ for 14 d), cooling method (direct and indirect cooling system), and ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation for beef surface sterilization (0, 30, 60, and 120 min). The changes of pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and number of aerobic bacteria were measured during storage. Beef samples stored in $-1^{\circ}C$ showed the minimal increasing rate in TBARS and microbial growth. After 15 d of storage, there was no significant difference in pH and TBARS values. However, the microbial population of beef stored in direct type cooling chamber ($4.25{\pm}0.66$ Log CFU/g) was significantly lower than that of beef stored in indirect type chamber ($6.47{\pm}0.08$ Log CFU/g) (p<0.05). After 4 d of storage, 60 or 120 min UV light irradiated beef samples showed significantly lower microbial population, and at 14 d of storage, 60 min UV irradiated beef sample showed significantly lower microbial population ($3.14{\pm}0.43$ Log CFU/g) than control ($4.46{\pm}0.13$ Log CFU/g) (p<0.05). However, TBARS values of 60 or 120 min UV light irradiated beef samples were significantly higher than non-irradiated beef sample after 4 d of storage (p<0.05).

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 1987

구강 내 설암은 설의 전방 삼분의 이에서 발생하는 것으로 근치적 요법으로는 수술과 방사선 치료가 그 근간을 이루어 왔으며, 같은 병기에서 두 요법간의 완치율은 거의 동일한 것으로 보고되고 있다. 특히 조기병소(T1, T2)에서는 이 두 요법간에 비슷한 국소 퇴치율을 보이므로 치료법의 선택에는 그 치료로 인해 발생하는 기능적 손상 및 미용적 결손을 최소화하는데 역점을 두어야 할 것이다. 그러므로 큰 기능적 손상 없이 용이하게 절제할 수 있는 첨단부 및 배부의 작은 병소를 제외하고 대부분의 조기병소는 방사선 요법으로 정상적인 발성 및 연하작용을 유지하며 치료할 수 있다. 그러나 비교적 진행된 병소(late T2, T3) 중 하부 침윤이 심하지 않으면 방사선 치료만으로 완치될 수 있으며 수술은 방사선 치료 후 재발암의 구원요법으로 유보해 두는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 방사선 치료의 방법으로는 외부 조사법 외에 자입요법 등이 있으나 최대의 국소 퇴치를 위해서는 자입요법이 필수적인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 자입요법으로 치료기간을 단축할 수 있음은 말할 것도 없고 투여되는 선량을 증가시킴으로서 국소 퇴치율의 향상을 기대하고 나아가 생존율을 높일 수 가 있을 것이다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 1987

전산화 단층촬영 (CT)은 진단 분야 뿐 아니라 방사선 치료 계획 및 치료효과의 추적 등 치료분야에 까지 광범위하게 사용되고 있다. 그러나 환자의 체위가 치료시와는 다름으로 얻어진 영상이 치료시의 영상과는 차이가 있으며, 삼차원적인 치료면적의 계산이 곤란할 뿐 아니라 조영제를 사용함으로 생길 수 있는 선량계산의 오라 및 정확한 조사야가 표현되지 많음으로 병소 및 중요 정상장기의 선량 측정이 정확하지 못한점 등의 단점이 없다. 저자들은 1986년 5월 1일부터 1987린 4월 30일까지 영남대학병원 치료방사선과에서 치료받은 총 365명의 환자 중 일반 CT의 단점을 보완한 치료용 CT와 종래의 simulation을 병행한 106명의 치료계획을 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 치료용 CT후 두경부 암 환자의 $47\%$, 흉부암 환자의 $79\%$, 복부암 환자의 $63\%$에서 치료계획의 변경이 있어 치료용 CT가 두경부암, 흉부암, 복부암에서 거의 철수적임을 시사하였다. 그러나 직장암, 자궁경부암에서는 추가치료의 조사야의 측정 및 선량계산 이외의 전예에서 치료계획의 변경이 없었다. 선량분포의 비교측정에서는 윤곽만을 사용한 종래의 선량계산이 CT를 사용한 경우에 비해서 두경부암에서는 평균 $20\%$, 흉부암, 복부암에서는 약 $10\%$의 차이를 보여 전례에서 CT보다 과측정 되었음을 보여 종래의 윤곽만을 사용한 치료계획시의 저선량 조사에 대한 보정이 필요함을 시사하였다.