• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.963-971
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• 2022

Production of high-quality horses is important to make the horse industry grow. Grazing during the growing period can be an important factor affecting the production of high-quality horses. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of grazing on growing horses by analyzing their blood components and intestinal microbiota. Twelve growing horses for evaluating blood components and ten growing horses for evaluating intestinal microbiota were raised for about seven months and separated by two treatments: grazing vs. stable. Complete blood count, blood chemistry, and creatine kinase levels were analyzed as blood components and a 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis was performed to analyze intestinal microbiota. Calcium ions tended to be lower in the group with grazing treatment. Alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase tended to be higher in the group with grazing treatment. These results indicate that grazing can provide horses with more exercise than staying in stables. At the phylum level, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios in grazing and stable groups were 4.2 and 6.5, respectively. Because various studies have reported that a. high Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio indicates obesity, the method of raising horses might affect their physical ability. At the species level, rates of Clostridium butyricum in grazing and stable groups were 3.2% and 13.1%, respectively. Some strains of C. butyricum can cause several diseases such as botulism. These results indicate that grazing can positively affect growing horses in terms of blood components and intestinal microbiota. Moreover, grazing can be helpful to make growing horses healthy through proper exercise.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

산지 개발로 인한 일본의 미나미아키가와 유역의 훼(Table Omitted)손 예정지에서 실시한 식물상의 조사 결과, 98과, 231속, 315종, 29변종, 8품종, 총 352분류군의 고등식물이 조사되었다. 이 가운데 희귀 및 멸종위기 식물은 11과, 12종, 2변종으로 조사되었다. 조사지의 대부분은 삼나무와 편백나무의 조림지로 장기간의 시간적인 경과에 의해 일부 인공 조림지를 비롯하여 주변부에서 물참나무 군락, 졸참나무 군락, 온대성 낙엽 활엽수 맹아림 등의 전형적인 2차림으로 발전하였다. 이와 같은 전형적인 2차림의 산림 군락들은 금후 빠른 속도로 본 조사지역의 잠재자연식생이라 할 수 있는 일본젓나무-솔송나무림 혹은 삼나무림 및 너도밤나무림으로 자연스럽게 정상천이로 복원되고 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구에서 조사 검토된 자료는 우리나라 남부의 지리산부근과 유사한 기상조건을 지니는 것으로 추후 한국과 일본간의 식생변이 비교에 기여될 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.419-425
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• 1995

Twenty growing female Damascus (Shami) goats and twenty growing Chios ewes of two mating ages (10 and 12 months) were used to study the effect of mating age (MA) on reproductive performance (RP). In addition to (RP), The growth, milk production and nutrient requirements were also evaluated. A complete random design in a $2{\times}2$ factorial was used, with (MA) and species as the main factors. (MA) had no effects on (RP), milk production and mortality. No significant difference (p > 0.05) were observed between (MA) or between species, for age at kidding/lambing (K/L). Sheep reached puberty earlier than goats. Average age (months) at conception and at (K/L) was 15.8; 20.8 and l7.0; 22.0 for sheep and goats respectively. Body weight (BW), rather than age was the most important factor determining puberty. Both goats and ewes conceived when they reached about 67% of their mature (BW) for goats and 85% for ewes. Sheep grew faster than goats, but the latter had higher twinning (67.8% versus 25%). Chios sheep were suitable for meat and Shami goats for dairying or dual purpose systems. Nutrient requirements for growth of goats and ewes were similar with an average DM-intake of about 4% (BW); 12-13% CP and 65-69% TDN (DM-basis) of the total ration. It is recommended to breed Chios ewes at a (BW) of at least 50 kg and Shami does at 38 kg, irrespective of their age.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.671-674
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• 2002

This study investigated the use of multinutrient blocks (MNB) composed of 35% date syrup, 35% date syrup byproducts, 10% date fronds, 7% urea, 7% cement and 6% common salt for growing small ruminants, as partial substitute for the roughage component of the diet (Rhodes grass hay) and its effect on feedlot performance and economics of feeding. Eight growing local Omani goats and 8 sheep (each about one year old) were used in this study. Mean body weights for goats and sheep (kg), respectively were $21.1{\pm}4.5$ and $25.5{\pm}4.1$. The goats and sheep were subdivided into two sub-groups of more or less equal body weights for each species. Each sub-group in both species was either fed on 0.5 kg concentrate+ad libitum Rhodes grass hay or the same diet+restricted hay (about 0.2 kg/head/day) and ad libitum amount of MNB. Sheep significantly (p<0.05) consumed greater amounts of MNB ($36{\pm}17$g/head/day) than goats ($6{\pm}2.5$ g/head/day). Feeding of the MNB was effective in sparing about 40% of the roughage Rhodes grass hay for goats (from 240 to 140 g) and about 42% for sheep (from 252 to 146 g) or approximately 100 g/head/day for both goats and sheep. This reduction (or sparing) in the consumption of Rhodes grass hay was coupled by an improvement in daily liveweight gain (g/head/day) in both goats (from 29 to 46 by 58.6%) and sheep (from 26 to 39 by 50%) and also by an improvement in the feed conversion efficiency (g feed/g gain) of both goats (from 25 to 13.8 by 45%) and sheep (from 28.7 to 17.2 by 40%). Cost of daily consumed feeds as well as cost/kg gain (or cost of meat) were both reduced due to feeding of MNB. They were both respectively reduced by 7.5% (from 53 Baisa/day to 49) and 38% (from 1,828 Baisa/kg to 1,140). It was economically viable to feed MNBs containing date by-products and urea to small ruminants in the Sultanate of Oman.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2006

Transforming growth $factor-{\beta}\;(TGF-{\beta})$ has been shown to have a positive effect on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and has been reported to stimulate meiosis at follicular level in variety of species. The study was designed to determine the expression patterns of $TGF-{\beta}1,\;TGF-{\beta}$ receptors type I, II and Smads gene in bovine oocytes and embryos. $TGF-{\beta}1$ and their receptors were observed in the unfertilized oocytes. $TGF-{\beta}1$ and type II receptor were not expressed at the blastocyst stage, however, only type I receptor was exclusively observed at the same stage. The blastocyst stage, in particular, showed high levels of mRNA expression patterns containing a $TGF-{\beta}1$ type I receptor. The mRNA expression pattern of Smad 2 at all stages of embryonic development was similar in all respect with $TGF-{\beta}1$ type I receptor. On the contrary, Smad 3 and 4 were expressed with high and low level mRNA at the blastocyst stage. In conclusion. it is suggested that $TGF-{\beta}1$ signaling may be regarded as an important entity during the preimplantation embryo development.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.557-561
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 가축분퇴비에 존재할 수 있는 식중독균의 검출을 위하여 기존의 배양을 이용한 방법을 대체할 수 있는 real-time PCR을 적용하고자 하였으며, 이에 따라 유전자 증폭에 영향을 미치는 DNA 추출 방법에 따른 식중독균 검출 효율을 비교하였다. 적용한 방법은 가열 처리, 유기용매 및 흡착제 처리, 효소 처리의 3가지로 구분할 수 있으며, 각 방법에 따른 DNA의 검출 효율을 실험 결과로 나타내었다. 가열 처리 방법에서는 가열 시간의 증가에 따라 DNA 검출 효율이 높아지는 경향을 나타냈으며, 유기용매 및 흡착제는 효과를 나타내지 않았고, 효소 처리의 경우에는 그람 양성균 보다는 그람 음성균의 DNA가 추출 효율이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 퇴비에서 30분 이상의 가열 처리와 효소의 처리를 통한 DNA 추출 방법은 real-time PCR을 적용한 식중독균 검출에 적합한 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.933-941
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• 2005

To develop a functional cDNA chip, specific genes expressed in the tissues of swine Kagoshima Berkshire were screened. A total of 4,434 ESTs were obtained by constructing a cDNA library from total RNA isolated from the muscle and fat tissues, affirming their functions by investigating similarity of nucleotide sequences with the database at the NCBI. Among them, 1,230 ESTs were confirmed as novel genes, which, to date, have not been identified. Attaching the genes to a cDNA microarray slide revealed expression patterns of genes in muscle and fat according to the growth stages of swine. As specific genes expressed in the muscle tissues of swine with body weight of 30 kg, 60 genes including actin, myosin, tropomysin, transfer RNA-trp synthetase, Kel-like protein 23, KIAA0182 and COI, Foocen-m, etc were obtained. In addition, 18 novel genes were obtained. As specific genes expressed in fat tissues of swine with body weight of 30 kg, 47 genes including annexin II, Collagen, Fibronectin, Pleckstrin homology domain, serine protease, etc were obtained. 21 novel genes were also obtained. The genes specifically expressed in the muscle and fat tissues of swine affect contraction and relaxation of the muscle and the fat. However, studies on the expression mechanisms of the genes are insufficient. To reveal species of structural genes in swine muscle and fat tissue, interrelation studies in expression and function of genes by using the cDNA chip should be conducted.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.293-302
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• 2023

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological trends and challenges in managing tuberculosis (TB) in livestock in Korea from 2013 to 2022. Tuberculosis, caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, is a significant zoonotic disease affecting cattle, deer, and other domesticated animals. Despite the initiation of a test-and-slaughter eradication policy in 1964, TB has continued to persist in Korean livestock, particularly in cattle and deer. This study used data from the Korea Animal Health Integrated System and provincial animal health laboratories to analyze TB incidence in various livestock including different cattle breeds and deer species. The results from 2013 to 2022 showed a peak in TB cases in 2019 with a subsequent decline by 2022. The study highlighted a significant incidence of TB in Korean native cattle and the need for amore inclusive approach towards TB testing and control in different cattle breeds. Additionally, the study underscored the importance of addressing TB in other animals such as goats, wildlife, and companion animals for a holistic approach to TB eradication in Korea. The findings suggest that while the test-and-slaughter strategy has been historically effective, there is a need for adaptation to the current challenges, and learning from successful eradiation stories on other countries like Australia. A collaborative effort involving an expanded surveillance system, active private sector participation, and robust government support essential for the efficient eradication of TB in livestock in Korea.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2006

본 연구는 중산간지(표고 450m)에서 한우 방목에 적합한 혼파조합을 선발하기 위한 시험으로 $2000{\sim}2001$년(2년간) 남원 운봉에서 혼파조합별 식생비율의 변화, 건물 및 TDN 생산성, 채식량, 사료가치 등을 조사 및 분석 시험하였다. 한우방목 1년차는 주 초종의 비율이 감소하며, 오차드그라스 위주 혼파조합은 44.9%, 페레니얼 라이그라스 위주 혼파조합은 27.6%, 티머시 위주 혼파조합은 40.9%, 이탈리안 라이그라스 위주 혼파조합은 40.7% 감소하였다. 그러나 켄터키 블루그라스와 톨 페스큐는 모든 처리구에서 증가하였다. 또한 이탈리안 라이그라스 위주 혼파조합은 초기생육이 왕성하여 식생비율이 가장 높았으며 방목 2년차에도 44.2%의 식생비율이 유지되었다. 그러나 티머시는 다른 초종에 비해 생육이 늦으며 건물수량도 낮았다. 년차별 평균 목초수량은 1년차 6,673kg, 2년차 10,177kg/ha로 2년차 평균 건물수량은 1년차 건물수량에 비해 53% 증수하였다. 혼파조합별 TDN은 오차드그라스 위주 혼파구 6,399kg/ha, 페레니얼 라이그라스 위주 혼파구 7,769kg/ha, 티머시 위주 혼파구 4,883kg/ha, 이탈리안 라이그라스 위주 혼파구 7,146kg/ha으로 방목초지에서 페레니얼 라이그라스 위주 혼파가 TDN 생산량이 높았으며, 건물 채식량에서는 이탈리안 라이그라스 위주 혼파구가 6,456kg/ha으로 페레니얼 라이그라스 위주 혼파구 6,375kg/ha과 대등하였다. 따라서 한우 육성우 방목에 적합한 혼파조합은 페레니얼 라이그라스 위주 혼파가 오차드그리스. 티머시, 이탈리안 라이그라스 위주 혼파 보다 건물생산량, TDN, 건물 섭취량으로 종합하여 비교할 때 방목적응성이 높은 혼파조합으로 나타났다.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.106-115
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• 2021

Sperm cryopreservation is an important method of assisted reproductive techniques and storing genetic resources. It plays a vital role in genetic improvement, livestock industrial preservation of endangered species, and clinical practice. Consequently, the cryopreservation technique is well organized through various studies, especially on Korean native cattle (Hanwoo). However, the cryopreservation technique of Korean native brindled cattle, which is one of the native cattle species in Korea, is not well organized. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a Supplementary Table technique for the cryopreservation of Korean native brindled cattle. For this purpose, it is important to first evaluate the quality of the currently produced cryopreserved sperm of Korean native brindled cattle. In this study, we randomly selected 72 individual Korean native brindled cattle semen samples collected from 8 different region research centers and used them to evaluate sperm functions. We focused on the quality evaluation of cryopreserved Korean native brindled cattle semen following the measurement of motion kinematics, capacitation status, intracellular ATP level, sperm motility, and cell viability. Then, the values of each of the eight groups were derived from various sperm parameters of nine individual samples, including sperm motility, kinematics, cellular motility, and intracellular ATP levels, which were used to compare and evaluate sperm function. Overall, differences in various sperm parameters were observed between most of the research centers. Particularly, the deviations of motility and motion kinematics were high according to the sample. Therefore, we suggest that it is necessary to develop a standard method for the cryopreservation of Korean native brindled cattle semen. We also suggest the need for sperm quality evaluation of the cryopreserved semen of Korean native brindled cattle before using artificial insemination to attain a high fertility rate.