• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.91-99
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• 2007

Activities of the extracellular enzyme from Fomitopsis palustris, a brown-rot fungi, and by which crystallinity changes of cellulose in the various softwoods, such as Larix leptolepsis, Finns rigida, Finns koraiensis and Finns densiflora by liquid culture, were investigated. Activity of Cellobiohydrolase (CBH) from F. palustris was detected in the every test softwoods culture, showing activities of the Endoglucanase (EG), $\beta$-glucosidase (BGL) and $\beta$-1,4-xylosidase (BXL). It was shown high enzyme activities in the sapwood culture than heartwood of the same wood species, However, the enzyme activities in most of test wood cultures increased with longer incubation time, indicating a possibility of intermix sapwood and heartwood for degradation process by enzyme. Also it was shown that protein patterns of the extracellular enzyme from F. palustris in wood particle substrate of the several domestic softwoods were similar with each other wood species, which suggested the possibility of mixing all softwoods in saccharification by enzyme from F. palustris. Crystallinity reduction value of cellulose by F. palustris was 4.2~20.4% in 4 weeks cultivation, 12.9~28.9% in 8 weeks.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.46-57
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• 1999

Ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is important medicinal plant but requires 4-year cultivation for root harvest because of slow growth. In contrast, ginseng callus and hairy roots grow vigorously and may Produce the same or more biologically active compounds for human health than natural ginseng roots. Therefore, ginseng callus and hairy roots can be used for commercial purposes. Polyacetylene, one of anti-cancer compounds in ginseng, was not detected in the callus cultured on the medium containing 2, 4-B, but cells derived from the callus growth was excellent, The ginseng calli cultured on the medium containing 2mg11 CPA and 0.05mg/1 BA was grown vigorously and produced panaxydol, one of ginseng polyacetylene. The biosynthesis of polyacetylene in callus was not affected by addition of NAA and sucrose in media. The SH medium was better than the MS medium for ginseng callus growth and biosynthesis of panaxydol. Another ginseng anti-cancer compounds, ginsenoside-Rg$_3$, Rh$_1$and Rh$_2$ were detected in ginseng hairy roots by heat treatment. Those of Panax ginseng were obtained after root disks of three-year old roots were infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes Rl000 $A_4$T in dark condition after one month of culture. The optimum growth of hairy roots was achieved in the culture of 1/2 MS liquid medium in dark(22$^{\circ}C$) under 60 rpm gyratory shaking. Hairy roots grew well in 5 ι Erlenmeyer flasks, 1ι roller drums, 10ι jar-fermenters, and especially in 20ι air-lift .culture vessels. All heat treatments had remarkably different ginsenoside contents. Eleven ginsenosides were determined in heat treatment, eight in freeze dried hairy roots. Contents of ginsenoside-Rbl , Rb2, Rc, Rd. Re, Rf, and Rg$_1$tested in all heat treatments were less than those of freeze dried hairy roots. Contents of glnsenoside-Rg$_2$ in heat treatment for 1 hour at 105$^{\circ}C$ was 4.92mg/g dry wt, 3.9 times higher than 1.27 mg/g dry wt of freeze dried hairy roots. The optimum condition of heat treatment for the production of ginsenoside-Rg$_3$and Rhl was 2 hours at 105$^{\circ}C$, and ginsenoside content was 2.58mg/g dry wt and 3.62mg/g dry wt, respectively. The production of ginsenoside-Rh2 was the highest in heat treatment for 2 hours at 105$^{\circ}C$ among treatments examined, and ginsenoside-Rh$_2$content was 1.08mg/g dry wt.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 1999

Shoot tips with 2 leaf primordia were cultured to induce shoot primordia in MS liquid medium supplemented with several concentrations of BA and hIAA under the conditions of 10,000 lux illuminations for 24 h and of vertical shaking of 2 rpm in carrot. Two F$_1$ hybrids and two male sterility lines were used. Shoot primordia were only induced in the medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L of BA and 0.2 mg/L of NAA. Genotypic specificity and seasonal effect of donor parents on shoot primordia induction were not observed and average 15-20% of the planted dornes developed to shoot primordia. The induced shoot primordia were successfully propagated by subculture in the same medium. However, they were grown into three different types during multiplication, that is, the type with multiple small shoots on the surface, the type of without any shoot, and the type of callus. Shoot primordia clusters with small shoots on the surface differentiated multiple shoots successfully in 1/2 MS solid medium supplemented with 0.2 to 1.0 mg/L of IAA and 0.2 to 1.0 mg/L of kinetin. New shoot primordia with small shoots were well formed when pieces bigger than 2 mm in diameter of the out layer of the shoot primordia cluster with small shoots were subcultured. No differences of multiplication and shooting ability and chromosomal variation of shoot primordia were observed until the 13th sub-culture.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.1 s.96
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• pp.72-78
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidative effects of mycelium cultural extract from mushroom. Mushroom mycelium was grown in a defined synthetic liquid medium and citrus extracts, and the culture extracts were examined for antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Myceliums of Phellinus linteus, Cordyceps militaris, Coriolus versicolor, Sparassic crispa, Agaricus blazei, lnonotus obliquus, Lentinus edodes, Hericium erinacium, Gonoderma lucidium in 10% citrus extract supplemented medium and synthesis medium were incubated in a shaking incubator (120 rpm, $24{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ ) for $7{\sim}15$ days. The antimicrobial activity of the culture fluid of mushroom mycelium grown in submerged liquid culture was tested against 12 microorganisms which were fish pathogens and common bacterial species. The culture extracts showed high activity against Vibrio sp. and had poor effect on Streptocouus sp., S. parauberis, S. iniae. The culture extracts obtained from the synthetic medium showed $30{\sim}93%$ of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenger activity, the culture extracts obtained from the citrus extracts medium exhibited antioxidant activity up to 55%.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2000

Protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana were easily isolated from the shoot-forming (SF) suspension-cultured cell clusters with 4 hours-shaking condition (40 rpm) on CPD enzyme solution containing 1% cellulase R-10, 0.25% pectolyase Y-23 and 0.5% driselase. Protoplasts were cultured on liquid KAO medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/L kinetin, 200 mg/L spermidine and 68 g/L glucose. Also, protoplasts were cultured on 0.2 $\mu$M membrane filter placed onto CP solid medium containing the suspension cells as feeder cells in the dark at $25^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks. Protoplast-derived-SF calli were cultured on MS medium containing 0.05 mg/L IAA, 7 mg/L 2 ip and 30 g/L sucrose under the continuous illumination for four weeks. The frequency of shoot formation was about 60%. The regenerants were transferred into potting soil to grow mature plants. The regenerants formed the silques with seeds after 8 weeks of cultures.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.267-272
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• 2006

Five strains producing ethanol were isolated from soil near traditional alcohol production factory in Gwangju, Korea. One of the isolated strains maintained relatively stable ethanol production in shaking culture. The isolated strain KJ was proved to be Saccharomyces italicus, based on several biochemical and morphological tests containing assimilation of carbon compounds. In investment of the most suitable carbon for ethanol production, ethanol concentration of 5.46 g/L and yield of 0.53 g-ethanol/g-glucose were obtained in condition of glucose 10 g/L in YM medium. Experimental optimal conditions for ethanol fermentation by S. italicus KJ were as follows; temperature $30^{\circ}C$, initial pH 5.0, initial concentration 10% of glucose, anaerobic condition in the liquid cultivation. When enzymatically saccharified food wastes(SFW) were used as the production medium, ethanol production yield was 0.57 g-ethanol/g-reducing sugar. Therefore, SFW will contribute to lower the production cost of ethanol for industrial application.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.26-37
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• 1987

This studies were conducted to investigate pathgenicity and host range of Colletotrichum dematium isolated from anthracnose of pepper, and phytoxicity of its culture filtrate and the partially purified toxin. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Investigation on the host range of C. dematium has revealed that pepper as well as soybean, tomato, spinach, and beet were highly susceptible, egg plant and water melon were moderately susceptible and stone leek was slightly suceptible, but no symptoms were produced on carrot, tabacco, cucumber and melon. 2. The culture filtrates of C. dematium in Czapeck dox liquid media were toxic to leaves of pepper and caused necrosis and wilting of the plant. The toxicity of culture filtrates was most active at 15 days after fungal growth in Czapeck dox liquid media and the toxin productivity in still culture was higher than that in shaking culture. 3. The partially purified toxic substance was isolated from the culture filtrates by the acetone precipitation method. When cuttings of various pepper cultivars were placed in the toxin solutions, suceptible cultivars and resistant cultivars were equally toxic and showed necrosis and wilting of the leaves. 4. Several other plants such as soybean, tomato and carrot were also affected with the toxin solution by shoot cutting bioassay and showed veinal necrosis, leaf spots and wilting of the shoots. 5. The acetone precipitation toxin affected seed germination of pepper, cucumber, sesame and egg plant and inhibited the growth of root and hypocotyl of the seedlings.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the optimal culture conditions for gametophytes growth and sporophytes regeneration of Pyrrosia linearifolia in order to provide for the masspropagation system foundation of Pyrrosia linearifolia using their life cycle. Among many different media, 2MS medium was most effective in prothallus proliferation. Prothallus growth was promoted as the total concentration of nitrogen sources increased, and the best result was observed on 120 mM nitrogen. The best concentration of sucrose was 3%. The addition of 5~20 mM IAA, NAA, BA and kinetin promoted the propagation of prothallus. But 2iP demonstrated the most inhibitory effect on prothallus proliferation. Gametophytes shaking-cultured with liquid medium showed similar growth with solid medium and normal formation of reproductive organs. Shoot regeneration was most effective on 1/8MS medium, but growth was promoted on 1/2MS medium. For promotion of shoot regeneration and growth, the suitable concentrations of sucrose and $NaH_2PO_4$ were 1% and $50{\sim}100mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ in 1/8MS medium, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1010-1018
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• 2013

The greenhouse whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is considered one of the most destructive pests of crops. In this study, we aimed to determine the optimal liquid culture conditions in shake flasks for maximal sporulation of Beauveria bassiana M130 using rice bran. The optimal initial pH for the spore production of B. bassiana using extracted rice bran medium was 5.2 and $28^{\circ}C$. The screening in shake flasks of carbon and nitrogen sources resulted in the identification of an optimal medium based on 0.5% $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, with extracted rice bran 8:1. Using this medium, a production level of $2.15{\times}10^9$ spores per ml was obtained after six days from culture inoculation at $28^{\circ}C$ in a rotary shaking incubator at 130 rpm. In addition, the specific activities of extracellular enzymes of chitinase and protease were $4,296{\mu}mol$ and $375{\mu}mol$, respectively. These results suggest that Beauveria bassiana M130 could be a bio-controller for the greenhouse whitefly.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.185-193
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• 2016

A novel proteolytic bacterium was isolated from soil at Yeungnam University, South Korea. The strain, named FBL-1, was rod-shaped with a smooth surface. Biolog and API 50CHB test results revealed that strain FBL-1 was a Bacillus species. Based on 16S rDNA sequencing and chemotaxonomic characterization, the strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis because it had the highest homology with Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis NCIB 3610 (99.5%). In liquid culture at 37℃ with shaking at 200 rpm, fructose and yeast extract were found to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, for cell growth and protease production. The highest protease activity (451.640 U/ml) was obtained when the strain was cultured in medium containing 20 g/l of fructose and 5 g/l of yeast extract. Although further studies are needed to characterize the protease and enhance its activity, the newly isolated protein-degrading B. subtilis FBL-1 can be applicable for the production of peptides and for the degradation of proteins in various industries.