• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.359-367
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• 2014

This study analyzed phytochemicals, including various carotenoids, tocopherol and L-ascorbic acid, in green, yellow and orange paprikas (GP, YP and OP) and measured the preventive effects of lipophilic extracts from different colored paprikas on the blockage of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), which is known as a cellular event associated with tumor promotion. Main carotenoids were lutein and ${\beta}$-carotene in GP, lutein, ${\beta}$-carotene, capsanthin, violaxanthin, ${\beta}$-carotene and capsorubin in YP, and lutein, ${\beta}$-carotene, cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin in OP. Total carotenoid contents were $65.54{\pm}15.87$ mg/100 g dw in OP, $11.98{\pm}0.69$ mg/100 g dw in YP and $10.30{\pm}1.43$ mg/100 g dw in GP. Tocopherol contents were highest in GP compared with in YP and OP, whereas L-ascorbic acid contents were very high in all paprikas. We determined the non-cytotoxic levels of paprika extracts by MTT assay, which showed less formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by $500{\mu}M$ $H_2O_2$ for 1h. Finally, we showed that pretreatment of paprika extracts prevented inhibition of GJIC induced by $500{\mu}M$ $H_2O_2$ by the scrape-loading/dye-transfer technique. In conclusion, each colored paprika has unique phytochemicals and showed a protective effect on inhibition of GJIC.

• 약학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.370-382
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• 1993

In order for formulation of rectal containing OMZ, the OMZ suppositories were prepared using water-soluble base, PEG 4000 base and oil-soluble base, Witepsol H 15. Chemical stability of OMZ in suppositories was increased when Witepsol H 15 was used as a suppository base and arginine was added as a stabilizer. The decomposition of OMZ in suppository bases followed the first-order kinetics and their rate constants were 0.11 day $^{1}(t_{1/2}$=/6.25 days) for Witepsol H 15 suppository and 0.48 day $^{1}(t_{1/2}$=/1.43 days) for PEG 4000 suppository, respectively. On the other hand, the decomposition rate constants of Witepsol suppository and PEG suppository stabilized with arginine were 3.89$\times$10$^{-3}$(t$_{1/2}$=171.1 days) and 8.76$\times$10$^{-3}$ day $^{1}(t_{1/2}=79.9 days), respectively. Shelf-lives of the Witepsol and PEG suppositories stabilized with arginine were t$_{90%}$=291.8 days and t$_{90%}$=282.1 days at $35^{\circ}C$ and 75% RH, respectively. The dissolution test of OMZ suppositories was performed by rotating dialysis cell(RDC) method and the release rate constant was calculated by the simplified Higuchi's equation, Q'=K' t$^{1/2}$. Dissolution of OMZ from suppositories was augmented as arginine was added, particle size of OMZ was reduced and a suitable surfactant such as SLS was added. RDC method was more appropriate and available than Paddle method to evaluate the dissolution rate of lipophilic-base suppositoies. Arginine was found to be a very useful exipient for the enhancement of stability and dissolution of OMZ in suppositories.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.259-263
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• 2009

Salivary lipocalin (SAL1) is a member of the lipocalin protein family that has a property to associate with many lipophilic molecules and was identified as pheromone-binding protein in pigs. Our previous study has shown that SAL1 is expressed in the uterine endometrium in a cell type- and implantation stage-specific manner and secreted into the uterine lumen in pigs. However, function of SAL1 in the uterus during pregnancy in pigs is still not known. To understand physiological function of SAL1 in the uterine endometrium during pregnancy in pigs, it needs to elucidate the ligand(s) for SAL1. Thus, to identify the ligand for SAL1 in the porcine uterus, we collected uterine luminal fluid from pigs on day 12 of pregnancy by flushing with PBS. Proteins from the uterine luminal fluid were separated by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Fractions containing SAL1 protein were pooled and concentrated. Immunoblot analysis confirmed successful purification of SAL1. Then, we extracted lipids from the purified SAL1 protein and analyzed the lipids by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and predicted to be steroid hormones and prostaglandins as SAL1 ligands. Results in this study showed that SAL1 protein in the uterine secretions has a small lipophilic molecule as a natural ligand. Further characterization of ligand extracted from purified SAL1 will be useful for understanding physiological function of SAL1 during pregnancy and its application to increase the pregnancy rate in pigs.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2015

잔류성 유기오염물질인 과불화합물 중 perfluorooctanesufonic acid (PFOS)와 perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)의 잔류분석은 환경부 "잔류성 유기오염물질 공정시험기준"에 따라 hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) solid phase extraction (SPE) 전처리 후 LC-$MS^n$를 이용해 정량 분석하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 환경부 설정 공정시험법에 따라 농업용수 전처리 후, 시험법에서 제거하지 못한 미지의 불순물을 Envi-Carb$^{TM}$을 통해 회수율에 영향을 주지 않고 손쉽게 제거하였다. 또한, 과불화합물 분석에 사용되는 LC-$MS^n$ 중 quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (qTOFMS)에서 측정된 PFCs의 정량한계를 평가한 결과, 시험에 사용된 장비간 정량한계 편차가 크게 관찰되었으나, 시험대상 장비 모두 농업용수 중 ng/L 수준으로 잔류하는 과불화합물의 정밀 잔류분석에 사용가능 한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.773-778
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• 1993

Tl$^+$이온 센서로서 크라운 에테르 B15C5와 DB18C6를 중성운반체로 한 PVC 액체막 이온 선택성 전극을 제작하였다. 막용매로는 DOA, NPPE 및 NPOE를 사용하였으며 친유성 염, KTClPB의 농도를 변화시킨 여러가지 조성의 막을 시험하였다. B15C5와 DB18C6 막 전극의 감응전위는 농도범위, 10$^{-1}$∼10$^{-5}$M에서 직선으로 나타났으며 최대 기울기는 전극에 따라서 40∼55 mV/decade였다. 선택계수는 분리용액법으로 결정하였으며 알카리금속 이온, 알칼리토금속 이온 및 일부 전이금속 이온에 대하여 좋은 선택성을 나타냈다. 제작된 액체막 전극은 Ph > 3 에서 안정한 감응전위를 보였다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.50-53
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• 2005

Bioassay-directed fractionation of the lipophilic extract of a marine sponge Sarcotragus sp. led to the isolation of a known trisoxazole containing macrolide, mycalolide B (1). Its structure was identified by NMR and MS analyses. This is the first report on the isolation of macrolide from a sponge of the genus Sarcotragus (Order: Dictyoceratida).

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2000

The water-based ink has lately attracted considerable attention because of problems of energy and population. Carbon blacks have been widely utilized in water-based systems to provide pigmentation. One of the most important factors in the successful formulation of an aqueous system containing carbon black is the dispersion and the selection and proper utilization of the dispersing agent. This is similar to water-based ink. This paper discusses dispersion of carbon black with the factors affecting the dispersing agent requirement (DAR) and describes a laboratory method for determining it. Variables that affect the dispersion, such as structure, surface area, and oxidation level of the carbon black are examined through test data. Anionic and nonionic dispersing agents are evaluated using the DAR method. From this study, the increased surface area, the increased DAR is indicated. DAR is indicated to depend on HLB(Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance) of dispersing agent and pH of dispersing system.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2000

Lipophilic glandular trichomes form secretory vesicles that accumulate in a distended noncellular secretory cavity . Imidazole-buffered osmium tetroxide solution was used to visualize unsaturated lipids in glands of Cannabis sativa. This method of staining revealed two kinds of secretory vesicles in the cavity of glands. Some smaller and rounded vesicles in the secretory cavity and secretory cells were positively stained with the imidazole, and they appeared electron-dense. The other type of vesicles which have bigger sizes more or less were not reacted, however, they appeared transparent. A high contrast of the cuticles which cover the gland was also strongly reacted with that processing. Those result suggest that the dark vesicles in the cavity may contribute to enlarge the subcuticular wall and cuticle when contents of these vesicles are dispersed into wall.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.49-53
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• 1988

Pivaloyloxymethyl ester of piperacillin was synthesized by reacting sodium piperacillin with chloromethyl pivalate, and its chemical structure was determined by infrared and $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic methods. The pharmaceutical properties of the ester were investigated to assess its potential as a novel prodrug of piperacillin. The interface transfer of piperacillin and the ester was studied in a two-phase in vitro system composed of aqueous pH buffers and n-octanol. The ester was more lipophilic, and less water soluble above pH 4.0 than piperacillin. Significant antibacterial activity was not observed in the ester in vitro, but the ester was hydrolyzed into the parent drug in the rat liver homogenate. The serum levels of orally administered ester suspension containing 0.1% Tween 80 were measured in rabbits. It was found that the ester showed higher blood level, comparing with no observation of piperacillin in serum, but the time reaching the maximum serum concentration was 5 hr.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제22권3호spc1호
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• pp.17-34
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• 1992

A novel drug delivery system, detergent-phospholipid mixed micelles as proliposomes, for water-insoluble compounds was developed by investigating (i) spontaneous formation of small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) from bile salt-egg phosphatidylcholine mixed micelles, (ii) the molecular mechanism of micelle-to-vesicle transition in aqueous mixtures of detergent-phospholipid, (iii) preparation and screening of a suitable liposomal formulation for a lipophilic drug: solubilization of the drug within the lipid bilayer, evaluation of the solubility limit, and characterization of the resulting product with respect to the physical properties and stability of the drug in the system, and (iv) testing antitumor activity in vitro. The results showed that the new carrier had a strong possibility to be a biocompatible universal formulation for water-insoluble drugs.