• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2023

We create a malware detector classification method with using the Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) in IoT. More specifically, we adapt the SPRT to classify malware detectors into two categories of basic and advanced in line with malware detection capability. We perform evaluation of our scheme through simulation. Our simulation results show that the number of advanced detectors is changed in line with threshold for fraction of advanced malware information, which is used to judge advanced detectors in the SPRT.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.321-324
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• 2014

This letter describes a two-phase clock oxide thin-film transistor shift register that executes a robust operation over a wide threshold voltage range and clock coupling noises. The proposed circuit employs an additional Q generation block to avoid the clock coupling noise effects. A SMART-SPICE simulation shows that the stable shift register operation is established for the clock coupling noises and the threshold voltage variation from -4 V to 5 V at a line time of $5{\mu}s$. The magnitude of coupling noises on the Q(15) node and Qb(15) node of the 15th stage is respectively -12.6 dB and -26.1 dB at 100 kHz in the proposed circuit, compared to 6.8 dB and 10.9 dB in a conventional one. In addition, the estimated power consumption is 1.74 mW for the proposed 16-stage shift registers at $V_{TH}=-1.56V$, compared to 11.5 mW for the conventional circuits.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.477-481
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• 2011

Composites of insulating polyethylene and carbon black are widely used in switching elements, conductive paint, and other applications due to the large gap of resistance value. This research addresses the critical exponent of dielectric breakdown strength of polymer matrix composites (PMC) made with carbon black and polyethylene below the percolation threshold (Pt) for the first time. Here, Pt means the volume fraction of carbon black of which the resistance of the PMC is transferred from its sharp decrease to gradual decrease in accordance with the increase of carbon-black-filled content. First, the Pt is determined based on the critical exponents of resistivity and relative permittivity. Although huge cohesive bodies of carbon black are formed in case of being less than the Pt, a percolation path connecting the conducting phases is not formed. The dielectric breakdown strength (Dbs) of the PMC below Pt is measured by using an impulse voltage in the range from 10 kV to 40 kV to avoid the effect of joule heating. Although the observed Dbs data seems to be well fitted to a straight line with a slope of 0.9 on a double logarithm of (Pt-$V_{CB}$) and Dbs, the least squares method gives a slope of 0.97 for the PMC. It has been found that finite carbon-black clusters play an important role in dielectric breakdown.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2023

Purpose: This study sought to identify whether fascial therapy using myofascial release (MFR) and Fascial Distortion Model (FDM) techniques affected not only the area where treatment was being given but also remote areas connected to the treatment area by fascial continuity through comparison of the pain pressure threshold (PPT). Methods: The subjects were 16 healthy normal adults in their 20s and 30s who were divided into the MFR and FDM groups before the experiment. The PPT was measured at 4 different points on the body of the subjects. C7, T7, L5, and gastrocnemius along the superficial back line (SBL) before and after the intervention. Results: Only the FDM group subjects showed a significant increase in the PPT at T7 after the intervention. (p<0.05). In addition, the FDM group demonstrated significantly increased PPT at L5 compared to the MFR group. However, neither the FDM nor the MFR group showed a meaningful change in the PPT at the remote area in the lower leg. Conclusion: These findings showed that FDM can affect PPT more and has a positive effect on the pain threshold compared to MFR. However, neither FDM nor MFR showed any effect on the PPT in a remote area.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.644-649
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• 2023

As the cell spacing decreases during the scaling process of DRAM(Dynamic Random Access Memory), the reduction in STI(Shallow Trench Isolation) thickness leads to an increase in sub-threshold leakage due to the passing word line effect. The increase in sub-threshold leakage current caused by the voltage applied to adjacent passing word lines affects the data retention time and increases the number of refresh operations, thereby contributing to higher power consumption in DRAM. In this paper, we identify the causes of the passing word line effect through TCAD Simulation. As a result, we confirm the DRAM operational conditions under which the passing word line effect occurs, and observe that this effect alters the proportion of the total leakage current attributable to different causes. Through this, we recognize the necessity to consider not only leakage currents due to GIDL(Gate Induced Drain Leakage) but also sub-threshold leakage currents, providing guidance for improving DRAM structure.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.84-88
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• 2006

The effects of tip voltage, deflection setpoint, and tip velocity on height of $SiO_2$ line drawn by local anodization on Si wafer using scanning probe microscope were investigated. No local anodization was detected at smaller than -3 V of tip voltage. The line height increased at rate of 0.47 nm/V when the tip voltage is stronger than -3 V at $1{\mu}m/s$ tip velocity. From deflection setpoint, mechanical force between tip and substrate could be calculated and the threshold farce was $12\sim18nN$. The height of anodized $SiO_2$ lines is independent of the magnitude of force above the threshold force. The line height decreased as increasing the tip velocity and limited to 0.7 nm at -5 V tip voltage.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.60-70
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• 1999

An efficient automatic inspection system for Floating Seal is developed, The proposed system consists of a high resolution line scan camera, microcomputer, and PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). In order to perform rapid inspection, The ROI (Region of Interest) is extracted from the original image. There are types of defects; shape defects and surface defects. Each features of defects are captured by edge detect, segmentation, morphological operation, and threshold analysis. PLC controller is used to synchronize the whole system and store the inspection results temporarily to reduce the overhead of microcomputer. As a result, the system is being utilized successfully in a teal inspection line.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.148-155
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• 2008

We investigated the damage effects of microcontroller devices under high power electromagnetic(HPEM) wave. HPEM wave was radiated from the open-ended standard rectangular waveguide(WR-340) to free space. The influence of different reset-, clock-, data-, and power supply-line lengths has been tested. The susceptibility of the tested microcontroller devices was in general much influenced by clock-, reset-, and power supply-line length, little influenced by data-line length. Further the line length was increased, the malfunction threshold was decreased as expected, because more energy couples to the devices. The surfaces of the destroyed microcontroller devices were removed and the chip conditions were investigated with microscope. The microscopic analysis of the damaged devices showed component and bondwire destructions such as breakthroughs and melting due to thermal effects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.487-488
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• 2006

Picosecond (ps) laser micro-machining has emerged as an attractive method of fabricating high-precision microstructures, especially in metals. In this paper, a metallic mold for diffraction gratings is fabricated with a mode-locked 12 Ps $Nd:YVO_4$ laser. Laser pulses with a wavelength of 355nm are irradiated on the surface of NOK 80, a mold material, to generate line patterns. In order to minimize the line width, laser power is set just above the ablation threshold of NOK 80. Results show that the spectrum from the fabricated mold is good enough for some industrial application.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.178-185
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• 1999

In tool condition monitoring systems, parameters should be set to a certain threshold. In many cases, however, the threshold is dependent on cutting conditions, especially the radial immersion ratio. In this presented is a method of on-line estimation of the radial immersion ratio in face milling. When a tooth finishes sweeping, a sudden drop of cutting force occurs. The force drop is equal to the cutting force that acting on a tooth at the swept angle of cut and can be acquired from cutting force signals in feed and cross-feed directions. Average cutting force per tooth period can also be calculated from cutting force signals in two directions. The ratio to cutting forces in two directions acting on a tooth at a certain swept angle of cut and the ratio of average cutting forces in two directions per tooth period are functions of the swept angle of cut and the ratio of radial to tangential cutting forces. Using these parameters, the radial immersion ratio is estimated. Various experiments are performed to verify the proposed method. The results show that the radial immersion ratio can be estimated by this method regardless of other cutting conditions.