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Effects of Water Temperature on Oxygen Consumption in Starry Flounder Platichthys stellatus Reared in Seawater and Freshwater (해수 및 담수사육 강도다리 Platichthys stellatus의 산소소비에 미치는 수온의 영향)

  • Jeong, Min-Hwan;Byun, Soon-Gyu;Lim, Han-Kyu;Min, Byung-Hwa;Kim, Young-Soo;Chang, Young-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.285-291
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    • 2009
  • The effects of water temperature on oxygen consumption (OC) of starry flounder Platichthys stellatus reared in seawater (SW) and freshwater (FW) was performed in closed water-recirculating system containing respiratory chamber. Fish acclimated in separate indoor tanks with SW (nine of fish used, 263.0±40.4 g) or FW (nine of fish used, 265.8±34.8 g) were sampled. The OC of starry flounder at 15C,20C and 25C were 74.4±17.0,85.9±15.8,98.3±11.4mgO2kg1hr1 in SW and 46.7±12.0,63.3±7.5,82.6±5.3mgO2kg1hr1 in FW, respectively, showing a linear increase in OC with water temperature. The OC of fish reared in both SW and FW clear diel rhythm, with lower values at daytime and higher values in the night, in accordance with light (09:00~21:00 hr) and dark (21:00~09:00 hr) phases of the diel cycle (12L : 12D) in water temperature at 15C and 20C. However OC of fish reared in both SW and FW showed unclear diel rhythm with light and dark phases of the diel cycle in water temperature at 25C. Starry flounder reared in FW had higher ventilation rates than those in SW, but SW had higher OC per breath than those in FW.

Licochalcone C Induces Autophagy in Gefitinib-sensitive or-resistant Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells (Gefitinib-민감성 또는 내성 비소세포폐암 세포에서 Licochalcone C에 의한 자가포식 유도)

  • Oh, Ha-Na;Yoon, Goo;Chae, Jung-Il;Shim, Jung-Hyun
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.29 no.12
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    • pp.1305-1313
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    • 2019
  • Licochalcone (LC), isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza inflata has multiple pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. To date, Licochalcone C (LCC) has induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation in oral and bladder cancer cells, but lung cancer has not yet been studied. In addition, no study reported LCC-induced autophagy in cancer until now. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of LCC on gefitinib-sensitive and -resistant lung cancer cells and elucidate the mechanism of its action. The 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay data showed that LCC significantly inhibited cell viability in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) HCC827 (gefitinib-sensitive) and HCC827GR (gefitinib-resistant) cell lines. Interestingly, Annexin V/7-aminoactinomycin D double staining and cell cycle analysis showed an apoptosis rate within about 20% at the highest concentration of LCC. LCC induced G2/M arrest by reducing the expression of the cell cycle G2/M related proteins cyclin B1 and cdc2 in NSCLC cell lines. Treatment of LCC also induced autophagy by increasing the expression of the autophagy marker protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and the protein autophagy-related gene 5 involved in the autophagy process. In addition, LCC increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the cell viability was partially restored by treatment with the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine. In western blotting analysis, the expression of cdc2 was increased and LC3 was decreased by the simultaneous treatment of NAC and LCC. These results indicate that LCC may contribute to anti-tumor effects by inducing ROS-dependent G2/M arrest and autophagy in NSCLC. In conclusion, LCC treatment may be useful as a potential therapeutic agent against NSCLC.

Conditions for Artificial Culture of Lemna Paucicostata and Potentiality as an Alternative Biomass Source (바이오매스 자원으로서의 Lemna Paucicostata의 인공배양조건과 이화학적 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kwag, Jung-Hoon;Lee, Jin-Eui;Kim, Ki-Hye;Eum, Hye-Yeong;Shin, Jong-Suh;Ra, Chang-Six
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.143-152
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    • 2010
  • Conditions for artificial culture of Lemna Paucicostata and its nutritional values were examined in this study. Lemna P. was cultured using artificial wastewater and a bioreactor (total volume 2,630cm3, working volume 2,240cm3) was operated at conditions of 6,250 lux and 28C. Water flow affected the growth of Lemna P.: growth rate was very high (more than 1.1d1) at a condition of no-water movement, but it was very low (less than 0.15d1) when water moved slowly. The growth of Lemna P. was higher in 16hd1 light cycle than in Sand 24hd1, and it was also severely affected by the initial NH4-N levels of wastewater. The growth rate of Lemna P. was high in lower NH4-N level, indicating that the growth rate is in inverse proportion to NH4-N concentration in wastewater. However, the contents of crude protein (CP) of Lemna P. were proportional to the initial NH4-N concentration. The CP contents of Lemna P. cultured at 2, 10, 50 and 100 NH4-N mg L1 was 18, 24, 37, 43%, respectively, showing the Lemna P. cultured at 50 and 100mgL1 had similar protein contents to linseed (CP 35%), cottonseed (CP 38%) and soybean (CP 45%). Fat, protein, fiber, NDF and ADF contents of Lemna P. harvested at conditions of 16hd1 light cycle and less than 2mgL1 of NH4-N level was 2.8, 18, 27, 20, 41 and 65.7%, respectively. Since the growth rate of Lemna P. was very high (more than 1.1d1) at those conditions, it was convinced that mass production of valuable protein and fiber sources are feasible. In particular, since the Lemna P. has unsaturated fatty acids found mainly in animal fat as well as beneficial fatty acids to health such as C18:ln9c, C18:2n6c, C20:5n3 and C22:2, the Lemna P. biomass would be a highly valuable alternative feed source to grains.

Behavior of Nutrients and Heavy Metals (Cu, Zn) and Applicability Evaluation from Swine Wastewater Treatment Using Microalga Scenedesmus obliquus (미세조류 Scenedesmus obliquus 영양염류와 중금속(Cu, Zn) 거동특성 및 축산 폐수 처리 적용성 평가)

  • Park, Ji-Su;Hwang, In-Sung;Oh, Eun-Ji;Yoo, Jin;Chung, Keun-Yook
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.226-232
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    • 2019
  • The biological wastewater treatment is more eco-friendly and can be used effectively in wastewater for a variety of purposes than that of the conventional treatment. In particular, the wastewater treatment using microalgae in biological treatment processes has attracted great attention due to its ability to remove economically nutrients from wastewater and have many advantages as a renewable energy source. This study was investigated to establish the optimal growth conditions for microalga Scenedesmus obliquus. Additionally, the removal efficiencies of nutrients (N, P) and heavy metals (Cu, Zn) from the synthetic wastewater were evaluated. As a results, the optimal growth conditions were established at 28C, pH 7, and light and dark cycle of 14 : 10 h. In the evaluation of nutrient removal efficiencies at each concentrations of 500, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 mg/L, the removal rates were 17.6~70% N and 8.4~34% P in the single treatment and 12.0~58.0% N and 3.0~40.3% P in the binary mixture treatment. In addition, the evaluation of heavy metal removal efficiencies at each concentrations of 10, 30 and 50 mg/L, the removal rates were 13.7~40.3% Cu and 10.0~30.0% Zn in the single treatment and 16.0~40.0% Cu and 12.0~20.0% Zn in the binary mixture treatment. Based on the results of the study, it appears that Scenedesmus obliquus can be used for the removal of nutrients and heavy metals from the swine wastewater.

Soil CO2 Efflux by Thinning Treatments of a Black Pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) Stand Disturbed by Pine Wilt Disease (소나무재선충병 발생 곰솔임분의 간벌에 따른 토양 호흡 동태)

  • Choi, Eun-Jin;Seo, Huiyeong;Lee, Kwang-Soo;Yoo, Byung-Oh;Kim, Choonsig;Cho, Hyun-Seo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.105 no.1
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    • pp.12-18
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    • 2016
  • This study was carried out to investigate the change on soil CO2 efflux rates, soil temperature, soil water content and soil pH by thinning intensity treatments (heavy thinning, light thinning, control) of a black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) stand disturbed by pine wilt disease in Wola National Experimental Forests in Jinju, Gyeongnam province. Monthly variations of soil CO2 efflux rates were not significantly different between the thinning and the control treatments (P>0.05). The annual mean soil CO2 efflux rates were 0.58gCO2m2h1 for the light thinning, 0.49gCO2m2h1 for the heavy thinning and 0.45gCO2m2h1 for the control treatments, respectively. There was a significant exponential relation between soil CO2 efflux rates and soil temperature, but no correlation between soil water content or soil pH and soil CO2 efflux rates. The values of Q10 were 3.40 for the light thinning, 3.20 for the heavy thinning and 3.06 for the control treatments, respectively. The results indicate that soil CO2 efflux rates in a black pine stand disturbed by pine wilt disease could be affected by thinning treatments.

Reproductive Ecology of the Freshwater Marsh Clam, Corbicula papyracea (Heude) in Bukhan River (북한강 엷은재첩, Corbicula papyracea (Heude) 의 번식생태)

  • Kim, Dae-Hee;Lee, Wan-Ok;Lee, Jun-Sang
    • The Korean Journal of Malacology
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.107-116
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    • 2014
  • Gonadal development and maturation mechanism were studied on the freshwater marsh clam Corbicula papyracea (Heude), which is the endangered species in Korea. The specimens were collected in the rearing ponds and waterway of NFRDI in Gapyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do from January to December 2004, and then investigated by condition factor, relative growth, gonadal development phases and gonad histological characters based on 30-50 individuals every month. Comparing with the freshwater marsh clam, C. papyracea is small, light olive brown shell and violet interior. The hermaphrodite individuals of C. papyracea take an internal fertilization and fertilized eggs are stored in the foster-sack in the gills, then the hatched juveniles are released outside after an ovoviviparous process. The average water temperature of inhabit area was in range of 1.827.0C and usually took great effects on the gonad maturation of C. papyracea. The condition factor ranged from 0.14 to 0.21 throughout the year, which was the lowest during winter season (December-February), and gradually increased to the highest value of 0.21 in May. The ratio of meat weight to total weight was 25.9-38.7%, indicating the similar trend with condition factor. The highest values of condition factor and the ratio of meat weight appeared 1-2 months later than gonadosomatic index reached the peak value, it was probably because that the ovoviviparous eggs would spend a long period before hatching from the foster-sack in the gills. To synthesize the characters of meat weight, condition factor and gonad development by histological study, reproductive cycle of C. papyracea could be divided into five successive stages: multiplicative stage (December to February), growing stage (February to May), mature stage (June to August), spawning stage (August to November), recovery stage (November to December). The smallest shell length of matured C. papyracea was 12.6 mm, and individuals, larger than 16 mm, was formed the nursery in the gills.

Relative Importance of Bottom- up vs. Top-down Controls on Size-structured Phytoplankton Dynamics in a Freshwater Ecosystem: I. Temporal and Spatial Variations of Size Structure (담수성 식물플랑크톤의 크기별 동태에 대한 상향식, 하향식 조절간의 상대적 중요도 조사: I. 크기구조의 시 공간적 변동)

  • Kim, Jong-Min;Sin, Yong-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.36 no.4 s.105
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    • pp.403-412
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    • 2003
  • Temporal and spatial variations of size-structured phytoplankton (chlorophyll a) were investigated over an annual cycle (February-October, 2003) to elucidate phytoplankton dynamics in the Juam Reservoir, Chonnam. Physical properties were also measured to investigate the relationship between the properties and temporal and spatial variations of size structured phytoplankton using simple linear regression. Phytoplankton (chlorophyll a) were grouped into three size classes: micro-size(> 20 μm), nano-size (3-20 μm) and pico-size (< 3 μm) in this study. Physical properties included water temperature, light attenuation coefficients, PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) and turbidity. Maximum chlorophyll a was observed in April, 2003 in the lower region whereas a peak of chlorophyll a developed in October, 2003 in the upper region. Large cell-sized phytoplankton (micro-size class)were dominant in the events of the chlorophyll a peaks. Potential mechanisms in the physical properties affecting the size-structured phytoplankton dynamics in the Juam Reservoir were discussed.

Biological Characteristic of Obolodiplosis robiniae and Control Effects of Some Insecticides (아까시잎혹파리(Obolodiplosis robiniae)의 생물학적 특성 및 약제 살충 효과)

  • Park, Ji-Doo;Shin, Sang-Chul;Kim, Chul-Su;Jeon, Mun-Jang;Park, Il-Kwon
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.48 no.3
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    • pp.327-333
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    • 2009
  • Biological Characteristic of Obolodiplosis robiniae and insecticidal activity of some insecticides against larvae of O. robiniae were investigated. Egg was in oval shape, and its color was light orange and became red when close to hatch. Length of the major axis and the minor axis of egg was 0.4 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively. Larval color was milky and size was 2.6 mm. Pupa was deep brown and its size was about 3.2 mm. Wing and abdomen of adult was black and reddish, respectively. Size of female adult was about 3.3 mm, and larger than male adult. Number of eggs in the ovary was 192.3±50.7. First emergence was from late April to late May, and second from late May to late June. Third emergence was from late June to late July. Newly emerged adult escaped from soil, and second and third emerged adult escaped directly from gall of Robinia pseudoacacia leaf. Egg parasitoid was identified as Platygaster robiniae and parasite rate was 51.6%. Among test insecticides, imidacloprid 10% WP and thiacoprid 10% FL showed very strong insecticidal activity against larvae of O. robiniae at 48h later after treatment.

A Study on the Biology of Nesodiprion japonicus(MARLATT) (솔잎벌의 생능에 관한 연구)

  • 이찬용;김인래
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.60-65
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    • 1994
  • This study was carried out to investigate the ecology of Nesodiprion japonlcus (Mmm,m) damaging many conifers The results obtained were as follows: Nesod~prion japonicus (Maun) emerged two times for a year and their body was black m both sexes. A female (10.1t 1 2 mm) adult was larger than a male (9.9t 0.8 mm) one in the body size. The size of antenna as plumose of female was different from that of male. Life span of adults was 3 or 4 days, those emergence rate was 92% and sex ratio of female to male was 6: 4. Adults 1a1d only an egg in the leaf and the region of the leaf aviposited turned brown. Duration of egg was 14.35 1 2 days, egg was In the shape of banana and red~sh-yellow,a nd its sire was 2.4+ 0.2 mm long. Duration of larvae was 30.35 2.1 days and its slze 20.15 2.2 mm, body was green with grey~sh shipes on the dorsal and lateral aspect, the tip of front and hind was yellow and head was brown with a dark-p~gmented area. Mature larva turned into light green and get lost a dark-pigmented area of head. The firstly-emerged larva made cocoons on the base of leaves and the secondawemerged larva among fallen leaves Duration of prepupa was 14.3f 2.0 days and their size 10.15 2.3 mm Duration of pupa was 12.2+ 1.3 days and its size 10.lt0.2mm.

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Immunocytochemical Localization of Melanopsin-immunoreactive Neurons in the Mouse Visual Cortex (생쥐 시각피질에서 melanopsin을 가지는 신경세포의 면역조직화학적 위치)

  • Lee, Won-Sig;Noh, Eun-Jong;Seo, Yoon-Dam;Jeong, Se-Jin;Lee, Eun-Shil;Jeon, Chang-Jin
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.804-811
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    • 2013
  • Melanopsin is an opsin-like photopigment found in the small proportion of photosensitive ganglion cells of the retina. It is involved in the regulation of the synchronization of the circadian cycle as well as in the control of pupillary light reflex. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether melanopsin is also expressed in the other areas of the central visual system outside the retina. We have studied the distribution and morphology of neurons containing melanopsin in the mouse visual cortex with antibody immunocytochemistry. Melanopsin immunoreactivity was mostly present in neuronal soma, but not in nuclei. We found that melanopsin was present in a large subset of neurons within the adult mouse visual cortex with the highest density in layer II/III. In layer I of the visual cortex, melanopsin-immunoreactive (IR) neurons were rarely encountered. In the mouse visual cortex, the majority of the melanopsin-IR neurons consisted of round/oval cells, but was varied in morphology. Vertical fusiform and pyramidal cells were also rarely labeled with the anti-melanopsin antibody. The labeled cells did not show any distinctive distributional pattern. Some melanopsin-IR neurons in mouse visual cortex co-localized with nitricoxide synthase, calbindin and parvalbumin. Our data indicate that melanopsin is located in specific neurons and surprisingly widespread in visual cortex. This finding raises the need of the functional study of melanopsin in central visual areas outside the retina.