• Journal of The Institute of Information and Telecommunication Facilities Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.141-146
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• 2010

In this paper, bandgap reference PTAT(Proportional to Absolute Temperature) circuit and flexible gain control of LNA(Low Noise Amplifier) which is usable in Zigbee system of 2.4GHz band are designed by TSMC $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS library. PTAT bandgap reference circuit is proposed to minimize the instability of CMOS circuit which may be unstable in temperature changes. This circuit is designed such that output voltage remains within 1.3V even when the temperature varies from $-40^{\circ}C$ to $-50^{\circ}C$ when applied to the gate bias voltage of LNA. In addition, the LNA is designed to be operated on 2.4GHz which is applicable to Zigbee system and able to select gains by changing output impedance using 4 NMOS operated switches. The simulation result shows that achieved gain is 14.3~17.6dB and NF (Noise Figure) 1.008~1.032dB.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.06b
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• pp.233-236
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• 2001

We have designed and fabricated ASK modulator MMIC operating at 5.8GHz for OBE used in AGPS (Automatic Gate Passing System). ASK modulator MMIC was designed to apply a sing1e supply voltage of 3V to the drain in order to decrease ACP (Adjacent Channel Power). The measurement result of this chip exhibits on/off characteristic over 30dB. The design parameters are optimized through ADS simulation tool. The layouts and fabrication o( ASK Modulator MMIC were designed and fabricated by using ETRI 0.5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ MESFET library. The chip sizes were 1mm $\times$1mm. The performance analysis of the implemented ASK Modulator based on the design parameters is accomplished.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2007

In this paper, a high throughput multiple transform architecture for H.264 Fidelity Range Extensions (FRExt) is proposed. New techniques are adopted which (1) regularize the $8{\times}8$ integer forward and inverse DCT transform matrices, (2) divide them into four $4{\times}4$ sub-matrices so that simple fast butterfly algorithm can be used, (3) because of the similarity of the sub-matrices, mixed butterflies are proposed that all the sub-matrices of $8{\times}8$ and matrices of $4{\times}4$ forward DCT (FDCT), inverse DCT (IDCT) and Hadamard transform can be merged together. Based on these techniques, a hardware architecture is realized which can achieve throughput of 1.488Gpixel/s when processing either $4{\times}4\;or\;8{\times}8$ transform. With such high throughput, the design can satisfy the critical requirement of the real-time multi-transform processing of High Definition (HD) applications such as High Definition DVD (HD-DVD) ($1920{\times}1080@60Hz$) in H.264/AVC FRExt. This work has been synthesized using Rohm 0.18um library. The design can work on a frequency of 93MHz and throughput of 1.488Gpixel/s with a cost of 56440 gates.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2019

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the reference value of biomarker serum amyloid p (SAP) to diagnose blood stasis objectively. Methods : Pubmed-Medline, Cochrane library, EMBASE were searched using the key words 'SAP' and 'serum amyloid p' in June 2018. Original articles of human adults that published in English, studies that recruited from the clinical research settings or well defined population based cohorts were only included. Results : A total of 12 studies were selected to extract the reference value of SAP. It was between 8.5 ng/mL (0.0085 mg/L) to 57.5 mg/L. Although the disease varied, most of them showed elevated SAP levels in the disease group (1.1-1.5 times). Conclusions : This study is meaningful in that it summarizes the results of previous researches of SAP, which has the potential to be diagnostic index of blood stasis.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.1729-1737
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• 2019

This paper presents neutronics design of VVER-1000 fuel assembly using burnable poison particles (BPPs) for controlling excess reactivity and pin-wise power distribution. The advantage of using BPPs is that the thermal conductivity of BPP-dispersed fuel pin could be improved. Numerical calculations have been conducted for optimizing the BPP parameters using the MVP code and the JENDL-3.3 data library. The results show that by using $Gd_2O_3$ particles with the diameter of $60{\mu}m$ and the packing fraction of 5%, the burnup reactivity curve and pin-wise power distribution are obtained approximately that of the reference design. To minimize power peaking factor (PPF), total BP amount has been distributed in a larger number of fuel rods. Optimization has been conducted for the number of BPP-dispersed rods, their distribution, BPP diameter and packing fraction. Two models of assembly consisting of 18 BPP-dispersed rods have been selected. The diameter of $300{\mu}m$ and the packing fraction of 3.33% were determined so that the burnup reactivity curve is approximate that of the reference one, while the PPF can be decreased from 1.167 to 1.105 and 1.113, respectively. Application of BPPs for compensating the reduction of soluble boron content to 50% and 0% is also investigated.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to obtain data for the development of an effective fall risk assessment tool for pediatric inpatients through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic test accuracy of existing scales. Methods: A literature search using Medline, Science Direct, CINAHL, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library was performed between March 1 and 31, 2018. Of 890 identified papers, 10 were selected for review. Nine were used in the meta-analysis. Stata version 14.0 was used to create forest plots of sensitivity and specificity. A summary receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare all diagnostic test accuracies. Results: Four studies used the Humpty Dumpty Falls Scale. The most common items included the patient's diagnoses, use of sedative medications, and mobility. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the nine studies were .79 and .36, respectively. Conclusion: Considering the low specificity of the pediatric fall risk assessment scales currently available, there is a need to subdivide scoring categories and to minimize items that are evaluated using nurses' subjective judgment alone. Fall risk assessment scales should be incorporated into the electronic medical record system and an automated scoring system should be developed.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Objectives : To evaluate the evidence supporting the effectiveness and safety of Chuna manual therapy(CMT) for lumbar spinal stenosis Methods : We searched 10 electronic databases(Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CAJ, RISS, KISS, KISTI, KMBASE, DBpia, NDSL) and related 2 journals up to October 2018. We included randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of testing CMT for lumbar spinal stenosis patients. The methodological quality of RCTs related assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool 1.0. Results : Three RCTs were eligible in our inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis of 3 studies showed positive results for the using CMT for lumbar spinal stenosis. Conclusions : The review found favorable evidence of CMT for treating lumbar spinal stenosis with meta-analysis. However, our systematic review has limited evidence to support CMT for lumbar spinal stenosis because of low quality of original articles and further well-designed RCTs should be encouraged.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 2018

Terahertz (THz) represents the portion of the electromagnetic radiation between the microwave and the infrared region and is within the frequency range of 0.1-10 THz. The ability of THz waves to pass through a wide variety of packaging materials, combined with their ability to characterize the molecular structure of many substances makes it an attractive tool for the application of food quality and safety management. This review provides current information on application of THz spectroscopy/imaging technology for food quality and safety management. The THz spectroscopy/imaging technology has been shown to be useful for detecting foreign bodies, vitamin/moisture, pesticides, antibiotics, melamine etc. However, major barriers to the adoption of THz spectroscopy/imaging for food quality and safety management include THz signal loss in heterogeneous food matrices, high costs of sources and detectors, and absence of a library for the wide group of food compounds. Further research is needed to overcome these barriers.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.136-148
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• 2013

Purpose: To define the role of robotic gastrectomy for the treatment of gastric cancer, the present systematic review with meta-analysis was performed. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search up to July 2012 was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. All eligible studies comparing robotic gastrectomy versus laparoscopic gastrectomy or open gastrectomy were included. Results: Included in our meta-analysis were seven studies of 1,967 patients that compared robotic (n=404) with open (n=718) or laparoscopic (n=845) gastrectomy. In the complete analysis, a shorter hospital stay was noted with robotic gastrectomy than with open gastrectomy (weighted mean difference: -2.92, 95% confidence interval: -4.94 to -0.89, P=0.005). Additionally, there was a significant reduction in intraoperative blood loss with robotic gastrectomy compared with laparoscopic gastrectomy (weighted mean difference: -35.53, 95% confidence interval: -66.98 to -4.09, P=0.03). These advantages were at the price of a significantly prolonged operative time for both robotic gastrectomy versus laparoscopic gastrectomy (weighted mean difference: 63.70, 95% confidence interval: 44.22 to 83.17, P<0.00001) and robotic gastrectomy versus open gastrectomy (weighted mean difference: 95.83, 95% confidence interval: 54.48 to 137.18, P<0.00001). Analysis of the number of lymph nodes retrieved and overall complication rates revealed that these outcomes did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusions: Robotic gastrectomy for gastric cancer reduces intraoperative blood loss and the postoperative hospital length of stay compared with laparoscopic gastrectomy and open gastrectomy at a cost of a longer operating time. Robotic gastrectomy also provides an oncologically adequate lymphadenectomy. Additional high-quality prospective studies are recommended to better evaluate both short and long-term outcomes.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.429-437
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• 2016

Objectives: Photodynamic therapy has been proven to promote additional clinical and microbiological benefits in the treatment of chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the photodynamic therapy for patient with periodontitis. Methods: We searched the eight Korean databases and Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, Cochrane Library. Total 300 studies were searched and 13 studies were included in the final assessment. Each of the stages from literature search and extraction of data were carried out independently by 2 researchers. We used tools of Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Networks for assessment of the quality of studies. Results: The safety of the photodynamic therapy was assessed by bleeding. The effectiveness of the photodynamic therapy was assessed by the reduction of Probing pocket depth (PPD) and the gain of Clinical attachment level (CAL). The mean difference of PPD was 0.46(95% CI 0.09~0.82), (p=.01).). The mean difference of CAL was ?0.49(95% CI ?1.12~0.14), (p=.13). Conclusion: The additional use of $^{\circ}{\infty}$Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy for Periodontitis$^{\circ}{\pm}$ caused hemorrhage to similar extents to conventional treatment modalities, where scaling and root planing are solely performed, in patients with periodontitis who are expected to have a lower degree of treatment response to non-surgical or surgical periodontal therapies (implant or refractory periodontitis) and those where there is a concern for the possible occurrence of antimicrobial side effects or resistance. This indicates that there are no problems with its safety. But there were no consistent reports about the effects of the additional use of photodynamic therapy. This led to a decision that the safety and efficacy of the current technology deserve further studies (Recommendation rating of A, Classification of technology II-a).