• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.85-94
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to see the effects of pitch and length patterns on spoken word recognition. In Experiment 1, a syllable monitoring task was used to see the effects of pitch and length on the pre-lexical level of spoken word recognition. For both Seoul dialect speakers and Daegu dialect speakers, pitch and length did not affect the syllable detection processes. This result implies that there is little effect of pitch and length in pre-lexical processing. In Experiment 2, a lexical decision task was used to see the effect of pitch and length on the lexical access level of spoken word recognition. In this experiment, word frequency (low and high) as well as pitch and length was manipulated. The results showed that pitch and length information did not play an important role for Seoul dialect speakers, but that it did affect lexical decision processing for Daegu dialect speakers. Pitch and length seem to affect lexical access during the word recognition process of Daegu dialect speakers.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.117-120
• /
• 2006

This paper examined two hypotheses. Firstly, if the first syllable of word play an important role in visual word recognition, it may be the unit of word neighbor. Secondly, if the first syllable is the unit of lexical access, the neighborhood size effect and the neighborhood frequency effect would appear in a lexical decision task and a form primed lexical decision task. We conducted two experiments. Experiment 1 showed that words had large neighbors made a inhibitory effect in the LDT(lexical decision task). Experiment 2 showed the interaction between the neighborhood frequency effectand the word form similarity in the form primed LDT. We concluded that the first syllable in Korean words might be the unit of word neighborhood and play a central role in a lexical access.

• MALSORI
• /
• no.60
• /
• pp.29-45
• /
• 2006

We investigated whether the first syllable plays an important role in lexical access in Korean visual word recognition. To do so, one lexical decision task (LDT) and two form primed LDT experiments examined the nature of the syllabic neighborhood effect. In Experiment 1, the syllabic neighborhood density and the syllabic neighborhood frequency was manipulated. The results showed that lexical decision latencies were only influenced by the syllabic neighborhood frequency. The purpose of experiment 2 was to confirm the results of experiment 1 with form-primed LDT task. The lexical decision latency was slower in form-related condition compared to form-unrelated condition. The effect of syllabic neighborhood density was significant only in form-related condition. This means that the first syllable plays an important role in the sub-lexical process. In Experiment 3, we conducted another form-primed LDT task manipulating the number of syllabic neighbors in words with higher frequency neighborhood. The interaction of syllabic neighborhood density and form relation was significant. This result confirmed that the words with higher frequency neighborhood are more inhibited by neighbors sharing the first syllable than words with no higher frequency neighborhood in the lexical level. These findings suggest that the first syllable is the unit of neighborhood and the unit of representation in sub-lexical representation is syllable in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.277-297
• /
• 2023

This study attempted to find out how lexical decision of two-syllable words or pseudo-words is affected by syllabic information, such as syllable frequency, syllable (i.e. vowel) type, and presence of final consonant (i.e. batchim), through the analysis of the Korean Lexicon Project Database (KLP-DB). Hierarchical regression of RT data showed that lexical decision of words was influenced by the frequency of the first syllable, the syllable type of the first and second syllables, batchim for the first and second syllables, and also by the interaction of the two syllable types and the interaction of syllable frequency and batchim of the second syllable. For pseudo-words lexical decision was influenced by the frequency of the first and second syllables, syllable type of the first syllable, and batchim for the first and second syllables, and also by the interaction of the two syllable frequencies, the interaction of the two syllable types, and the interaction of syllable frequency and batchim of the first syllable. Word frequency had a strong effect on lexical decision of words, while syllabic information had a stable effect on the lexical decision of pseudo-words. These results indicate that syllabic information should be seriously considered in constructing word and pseudo-word lists and interpreting lexical decision time. Understanding the effect of syllabic information will also contribute to the understanding of word recognition process.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2004

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of two syntactic cues in pronoun referential resolution: number cue (plural or singular) and gender cue (unambiguous or ambiguous). Using self-paced sentence reading task for pronoun sentences and lexical decision task for antecedents, Experiment 1 showed that the reading time of a plural pronoun ('they') was faster than a singular pronoun ('he' or 'she'), but the lexical decision time did not differ with a number cue and a Bender cue. In Experiment 2, using RSVP for pronoun sentences and lexical decision task for antecedents, the results showed that the lexical decision time differed for a gender cue only. These results suggested that the syntactic cues of a pronoun influenced strongly on referential resolution in discourse comprehension.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.89-99
• /
• 2006

This paper proposes a computational model which can simulate peculiar language phenomena observed in human lexical decision task. The model is designed to mimic major language phenomena such as frequency effect, lexical status effect, word similarity, and semantic priming effect. The experimental results show that the propose model replicated the major language phenomena and performed similar performance with that of human in LDT.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.691-696
• /
• 2022

This study explored the lexical sophistication features to distinguish the group membership of English proficiency, using the automatic analysis program of lexical sophistication. A total of 600 essays written by 300 Korean college students were extracted from the ICNALE (International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English) corpus and a discriminant function analysis was performed using SPSS program. Results showed that the lexical features to distinguish three groups of English proficiency are SUBTLEXUS frequency content words, age of acquisition content words, lexical decision mean reaction time function words, and hypernymy verbs. High-level Korean students used frequent content words from SUBTLEXUS corpus to a lesser degree and produced more sophisticated words that can be learned at a later age and take longer reaction time in lexical decision task, and more concrete verbs.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.101-123
• /
• 2008

We investigated the implicit representations of success/failure associated with mother in male and female college students. In study 1, participants were presented 'mother' or 'basket' as a context prime and 'success' or 'failure' related words as second primes for 100ms, and were asked to make lexical decisions about 'accept' or 'reject' related words and non-words after 150 ms (SOA 250ms). Results revealed that lexical decision times on the mother condition were more rapid than the ones on the basket condition, and lexical decision times on the acceptance condition were more rapid than the ones on the rejection condition, and female participants showed shorter times than male students did. In study 2, we divided participants into four groups by gender and attachment style, Results showed that the interaction between success/failure and acceptance/rejection was statistically significant, that is, quickest lexical decision times on the success-acceptance condition, and slowed times on failure-acceptance, failure-rejection, and success-rejection condition in order. On the other hand, no significant differences between high and low attachment group were found in males, but significant three-way interactions were found in females. In highly attached females, lexical decision times in success-acceptance condition were not differed from ones in success-rejection condition, and slowed times in failure-rejection condition. Low attached females showed very rapid times in success-acceptance condition, but very slow times in success-rejection condition. The results were discussed in terms of self-positivity and success/failure scheme depending on gender and attachment styles.

• Journal of Korean language education
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.25-53
• /
• 2018

This study examined the influence of lexical factors on verbal Eojeol recognition. To meet the goal, forty-five L2 Korean learners and twenty-two Korean native speakers took Eojeol decision tasks measured with the lexical factors such as 'number of strokes', 'number of consonants and vowels', 'number of syllables', 'number of morphemes', 'whole Eojeol frequency', 'root frequency', 'first-syllable-sharing frequency', and 'number of dictionary meanings.' As a result, 'whole Eojeol frequency' was the most effective factor to predict Eojeol recognition reaction time for native speakers and L2 learners, which supports the full-list model. Other lexical factors influencing Eojeol recognition reaction time in L2 learners were different following their proficiency level.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.339-363
• /
• 2013

The age of acquisition effect is the phenomenon in which the words acquired early in life are processed better than the words acquired later in life. Age of acquisition and word frequency are critical factors in lexical processing. In this study we examined the age of acquisition effects in Hangul word recognition. In Experiment 1, we examined the AoA effects in word naming and lexical decision tasks. The results showed that there was an interaction between task and age of acquisition. The AoA effects appeared only in the lexical decision task. In Experiment 2, we examined the relationship between age of acquisition and word frequency in the lexical decision task. The results showed that the two variables were significant. The early-acquired words were processed better than the words acquired later, and the words with high frequency were processed better than the words with low frequency. However, there was no interaction between the two variables. In Experiment 3, we examined how phonological changes in Hangul words influence the AoA effects. The results show that the AoA effects were similar whether phonological changes occur or not. Our results are discussed in terms of several theoretical hypotheses.