• 대한간학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.392-401
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• 2018

Background/Aims: Leptin is associated with metabolic disorders, which predispose one to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The role of leptin in NAFLD pathogenesis is not fully understood. We aim to investigate the association between serum leptin level and severity of NAFLD using U.S. nationally representative data. Methods: Data were obtained from the United States Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. NAFLD was defined by ultrasound detection and severity of hepatic steatosis in the absence of other liver diseases. The severity of hepatic fibrosis was determined by NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). We used multivariate survey-weighted generalized logistic regression to evaluate the association between leptin level and the degree of NAFLD. We also performed subgroup analyses by body mass index (lean vs. classic NAFLD). Results: Among 4,571 people, 1,610 (35%) had NAFLD. By ultrasound findings, there were 621 people with mild, 664 with moderate, and 325 with severe steatosis. There were 885 people with low NFS (<-1.455, no significant fibrosis), 596 with intermediate NFS, and 129 with high NFS (>0.676, advanced fibrosis). Leptin levels for normal, mild, moderate and severe steatosis were $10.7{\pm}0.3ng/mL$, $12.1{\pm}0.7ng/mL$, $15.6{\pm}0.8ng/mL$, $16{\pm}1.0ng/mL$, respectively (trend P-value<0.001). Leptin levels for low, intermediate, and high NFS were $11.8{\pm}0.5ng/mL$, $15.6{\pm}0.8ng/mL$, $28.5{\pm}3.5ng/mL$, respectively (trend P-value<0.001). This association remained significant even after adjusting for known demographic and metabolic risk factors. In the subgroup analysis, this association was only prominent in classic NAFLD, but not in lean NAFLD. Conclusions: Serum leptin level is associated with the severity of NAFLD, especially in classic NAFLD patients.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제106권3호
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• pp.275-287
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• 2017

본 연구는 두타산 일대 산림식생구조를 밝히고, 식생유형분류와 입지환경인자와의 상관관계 파악을 목적으로 수행되었다. 2016년 6월부터 10월까지 Z-M학파의 식물사회학적인 방법에 의해 식생조사를 수행하여 총 46개소의 식생자료를 획득하였고, 이 자료를 토대로 식생분류를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 최상위 수준에서 신갈나무군락군으로 분류되었으며, 신갈나무군락군은 철쭉군락과 거제수나무군락의 2개 군락으로 분류되었다. 철쭉군락은 동자꽃군과 철쭉전형군 2개의 군으로 세분되었고 동자꽃군은 박새소군과 동자꽃전형소군 2개의 소군으로 세분되었다. 거제수나무군락은 들메나무군과 박달나무군 2개 군으로 세분되었다. 들메나무군은 병꽃나무소군과 승마소군 2개 소군으로 세분되었다. 두타산 일대 산림식생은 총 6개의 식생단위, 14개의 종군단위, 2쌍의 대별종군으로 분류되었다. 수관층위구조의 분석결과, 식생단위별로 임관의 계층이 서로 겹치지 않는 단조로운 구조인 박새소군(식생단위 1), 동자꽃전형소군(식생단위 2), 병꽃나무소군(식생단위 4)과 겹치는 복잡한 구조인 철쭉전형군(식생단위 3) 승마소군(식생단위 5), 박달나무군(식생단위 6)이 나타났다. 승마소군(식생단위 5)의 수직적 계층구조가 가장 발달하였으며, 박달나무군(식생단위 6)은 초본층 식피율이 가장 낮았다. 일치법에 의한 식생단위와 환경요인과의 상관관계를 보면, 해발 1,100 m, 사면 중부, 경사 $20^{\circ}$, 암석노출도 20%, 교목층 DBH 30 cm를 기준으로 철쭉군락(식생단위 1~3)과 거제수나무군락(식생단위 4~6)이 분류되었다. CCA 분석 결과 철쭉군락(식생단위 1~3)은 해발, 지형과 정의 상관관계, 거제수나무군락(식생단위 4~6)은 부의 상관관계 분포경향이 나타났다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2002

We describe a riboprinting scheme for identification of unknown Acanthamoeba isolates at the species level. It involved the use of PCR-RFLP of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (riboprint) of 24 reference strains by 4 kinds of restriction enzymes. Seven strains in morphological group I and III were identified at species level with their unique sizes of PCR product and riboprint type by Rsa 1. Unique RFCP of 17 strains in group II by Dde I. Taq I and Hae III were classified into: (1) four taxa that were identifiable at the species level. (2) a subgroup of 4 taxa and a pair of 2 taxi that were identical with each other. and (3) a species complex of 7 taxa assigned to A. castellanii complex that were closely related. These results were consistent with those obtained by 18s rDNA sequence analysis. This approach provides an alternative to the rDNA sequencing for rapid identification of a new clinical isolate or a large number of environmental isolates of Acanthamoeba.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1993

The purpose of the this study was to research the interrelationship of periodontal status and patient's age between diabetic group and non-diabetic group and compare that of periodontal status according to the blood sugar level and duration of diabetics. The participants of this study were 52 diabetic patients and 51 non-diabetic patients. The diabetic group and non-diabetic group were further divided into four subgroups according to the age(under 35 years old, 36 - 45 years old, 46 - 55 years old, over 56 years old) and the diabetic group was further divided into three subgroups according to the duration of diabetics (under 5 years, 6 - 10 years, over 11 years) and blood sugar level(under 140mg/100ml, 140-200mg/100ml, over 200mg /100ml), respectively. Author evaluated such periodontal status as plaque index and calculus index, gingival lndex, loss of attachment, papillary bleeding index, tooth mobility and missing teeth, and then data was statistically analyzed by SPSS/PC+ using ANOVA, respectively. The results were as follows: 1. The mean value of plaque index, gingival index, loss of attachment, papillary bleeding index, tooth mobility and missing teeth of diabetic patients were significantly higher than that of non-diabetic patients, respectively(p <0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.001, p<0.001), but there was no significant difference between diabetic group and non-diabetic group in calculus index(P>0.05). 2. According to the increase of age, loss of attachment and missing teeth were increased in both group, and correlation of each subgroup was statistically significant, respectively(p<0.05, p<0.001). 3. According to the elevation of blood sugar level of diabetics, plaque index, gingival index, loss of attachment, papillary bleeding index, tooth mobility and missing teeth were increased in diabetic group, and correlation of each subgroup was statistically significant, respectively (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.001, p<0.001). 4. According to the duration of diabetics, plaque index, gingival index, loss of attachment, papillary bleeding index, tooth mobility and missing teeth were increased in diabetic group, and correlation of each subgroup was statistically significant, respectively(p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.001, p<0.001).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.158-168
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• 2014

Objectives: To identify and evaluate the trend of meal-skipping rates among Korean adolescents with their contributing causes and the influence of household income level on meal skipping. Methods: Using 2008, 2010, and 2012 data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey of 222 662 students, a cross-sectional study with subgroup analysis was performed. We calculated odds ratios for skipping each meal 5 or more times in a week by household socio-economic status using a multiple logistic regression model. The secular change in the meal-skipping rates by the students' family affluence scale was analyzed by comparing the meal-skipping students within each subgroup and odds ratios for the same event over time. Results: Through 2008 to 2012, most of the meal-skipping rates generally showed a continuous increase or were almost unchanged in both sexes, except for breakfast skipping in several subgroups. Students in low-income households not living with both parents had the highest meal-skipping rates and odds ratios for frequent meal skipping. In a time-series subgroup analysis, the overall odds ratios for the same event increased during 2008 to 2012, with a slight reduction in the gap between low and higher income levels with regard to meal skipping during 2010 to 2012. Conclusions: Household socio-economic status and several other factors had a significant influence on Korean adolescent meal-skipping rates. Although the gap in eating behavior associated with household socio-economic differences is currently decreasing, further study and appropriate interventions are needed.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.88-100
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• 2021

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the daily lifestyle of Vietnamese immigrant women and to find out if they could affect health-related quality of life improvement. Methods The subjects of this study were 273 women who immigrated to Korea from Vietnam. This study was conducted at Daejeon and nearby Healthy Family Support Centers from September 2019 to January 2020 with the cooperation of the Daejeon City Healthy Family Support Center. Correlation analysis was performed between lifestyle and quality of life, and ANOVA analysis was performed to confirm the difference in health-related quality of life scores for each subgroup of dietary nutrition, sleep quality, and physical activity. A regression analysis was conducted to investigate the contribution of dietary nutrition, sleep quality, and physical activity to the quality of life of Vietnamese immigrant women. The significance level was p<0.05. Results Physical activity showed significant correlations with Euro Quality of Life -Visual Analogue Scale (EQ VAS), sleep quality with EQ VAS and Euro Quality of Life-5Dimension (EQ-5D) Index, and dietary nutrition with EQ-5D Index. There were significant differences in EQ VAS and EQ-5D Index scores for each sleep quality subgroup, and a significant difference in EQ VAS scores for each activity subgroup. The quality of sleep was found to have the greatest effect on EQ VAS and EQ Index of Vietnamese immigrant women, and physical activity on EQ VAS and dietary nutrition had some influence on EQ-5D Index. Conclusions Quality of sleep is closely related to health-related quality of life, and plays an important role in health-related quality of life for Vietnamese immigrant women.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.1445-1457
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• 2016

For a positive integer N divisible by 4, let ${\mathcal{O}}^1_N({\mathbb{Q}})$ be the ring of weakly holomorphic modular functions for the congruence subgroup ${\Gamma}^1(N)$ with rational Fourier coefficients. We present explicit generators of the ring ${\mathcal{O}}^1_N({\mathbb{Q}})$ over ${\mathbb{Q}}$ in terms of both Fricke functions and Siegel functions, from which we are able to classify all Fricke families of such level N.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.645-689
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• 2016

This article gives upper bounds on the number of Fourier-Jacobi coefficients that determine a paramodular cusp form in degree two. The level N of the paramodular group is completely general throughout. Additionally, spaces of Jacobi cusp forms are spanned by using the theory of theta blocks due to Gritsenko, Skoruppa and Zagier. We combine these two techniques to rigorously compute spaces of paramodular cusp forms and to verify the Paramodular Conjecture of Brumer and Kramer in many cases of low level. The proofs rely on a detailed description of the zero dimensional cusps for the subgroup of integral elements in each paramodular group.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.91-95
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• 2002

Background: In order to characterize human antibodies with specificity for mite allergens at the molecular level, a scFv phage display library was constructed using peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes from an asthma patient allergic to mite as Ig gene sources. Methods: Immunoglobulin $V_H$ and V gene fragments were obtained by polymerase chain reaction, and randomly combined in pCANTAB-5E vector. The resulting human scFv phage display library had $3{\times}10^4$ independent clones, and biopanning was performed with house dust mite extracts. Results: Four scFv clones specific for house dust mite extract were isolated. Immunoblot assay showed that our clones reacted to 25 kDa and 50~60 kDa proteins with unknown identity in mite extracts. Sequence analysis indicated that two clones (b7 and c15) are identical, and all clones belong to human $V_H3$ subgroup. On the other hand, light chain usage was different in that two clones (a2 and b7 / c15) belonging to V ${\kappa}4$ subgroup, but a4 used V ${\kappa}1$ light chain gene. Conclusion: Our approach should facilitate provision of useful information on the antibody responses against allergens at the molecular level in humans.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2012

PURPOSE. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sociodemographic factors on quality of satisfaction towards denture treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS. One hundred subjects (filling inclusion criteria) who were wearing a denture for at least two months were enrolled and divided into five groups on the basis of sociodemographic variables (age, gender, literacy level, socio-economic and marital status). Questionnaires consisting of 38 questions (positive and negative attitude towards denture satisfaction) related to patients' perception of clinical outcome in different domains such as mastication, appearance, speech, comfort, health, denture care and social status were scored by the subjects. Questions reflecting positive attitude were scored as 2, 1, or 0 (yes, uncertain and no, respectively) and reversely for the negative questions. Statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (${\alpha}$= .05). RESULTS. Level of denture satisfaction was higher in age subgroup belonging to 45 - 65 years of age in relation to comfort, health and denture care. Female and male showed significant priority for denture treatment because of esthetic and function respectively. Level of satisfaction was statistically significant with literacy level. Upper high income group showed significantly higher level of satisfaction only in case of social status. Married group showed significantly higher satisfaction level only with comfort. CONCLUSION. Patients' sociodemographic variables were influential factors on denture satisfaction.