• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.252-258
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• 2001

Purpose : The objectives of this study are to investigate the significance of apoptotic death compared to total cell death after $\gamma-ray$ irradiation in human H&N cancer cell lines and to find out correlation between apoptosis and radiation sensitivity. Materials and method : Head and neck cancer cell lines (PCI-1, PCI-13, and SNU-1066), leukemia cell line (CCRF-CEM), and fibroblast cell line (LM217) as a normal control were used for this study. Cells were irradiated using Cs-137 animal experiment irradiator. Total cell death was measured by clonogenic assay. Annexin-V staining was used to detect the fraction of apoptotic death. Results : Surviving fraction at 2 Gy (SF2) were 0.741, 0.544, 0.313, 0.302, and 0.100 for PCI-1, PCI-13, SNU-1066, CCRF-CEM, and LM217 cell lines, respectively. Apoptosis was detected in all cell lines. Apoptotic index reached peak value at 72 hours after irradiation in head and neck cancer cell lines, and that was at 24 hours in CCRF-CEM and LM217. Total cell death increased exponentially with increasing radiation dose from 0 Gy to 8 Gy, but the change was minimal in apoptotic index. Apoptotic fractions at 2 Gy were $46\%,\;48\%,\;46\%,\;24\%,\;and\;19\%$ and at 6 Gy were $20\%,\;33\%,\;35\%,\;17\%,\;and\;20\%$ for PCI-1, PCI-13, SNU-1066, CCRF-CEM, and LM217, respectively. The radioresistant cell lines showed more higher apoptotic fraction at 2 Gy, but there was not such correlation at 6 Gy. Conclusion : All cell lines used in this study showed apoptosis after irradiation, but time course of apoptosis was different from that of leukemia cell line and normal fibroblast cell line. Reproductive cell death was more important mode of cell death than apoptotic death in all cell lines used in this study. But there was correlation between apoptotic fraction and radiation sensitivity at 2 Gy.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.8 s.88
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• pp.1121-1128
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• 2007

The fruits of Zanthoxylum piperitum are known as having various physiology vitality, and the abstraction ingredient of the pericarp is also known as having strong antibiotic activities against various bacteria. Therefore, this study was carried out to estimate the effect of physiology vitality when the abstraction ingredient of Z. piperitum was added in soy sauce(Chopi-kanjang) and soybean paste(Chopi-doenjang). For the antibiotic activity against the pathogens of sitotoxism such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio parahemolyticus, Escherichia coli 0157:H7, the extracts of the Chopi-kanjang was added 1%, 2%, 4% pericarp of Z. piperitum in the manufacturing process of soy source. According to the results, the growth of E. coli 0157:H7 and V. parahemolyticus were respectively inhibited as 70% and 50% by the Chopi-kanjang added 2% of the ingredient. For the antibiotic effects of the aforementioned Chopi-kanjang against Sal. typhimurium and Sta. aureus, the growth of those pathogens was also inhibited between 40% and 60% according to the manufacturing period of Chopi-kanjang. It was confirmed that the antibiotic activity using the mixture of the abstraction ingredient and Chopi-doenjang was lower than those of Chopi-kanjang. In order to estimate the anticancer activity using by caspase-3 activity, the mixture of the abstraction ingredient of the pericarp of Z. piperitum and Chopi-kanjang was treated to leukemia cells. According to the results, the activities of caspase-3 using the mixture added 1%, 2% and 4% of the abstraction ingredient were respectively increased as much as 4, 12, 15 times comparing with the control which was treated with the soy source only. It could be that the mixture of the abstraction ingredient of the pericarp of Z. piperitum and soy source induced apoptosis, and the mixture of the abstraction ingredient and soybean paste had no effect on the activity of caspase-3. In order to find out the death of the aforementioned cells caused by necrosis or apoptosis, DNA fragmentation in the cell was examined. U-937 cells showed apoptotic DNA fragmentation in the incubation with Chopi-kanjang extract.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2014

This study investigates the free radical-scavenging activities of Amaranth (Amaranthus spp. L.) red and purple flower extracts. The methanol and hot water extracts of flower are being evaluated for its total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, scavenging activities by the DPPH and ABTS analysis, SOD-like activity, and inhibition activities of superoxide radical on the HL-60 cells and nitric oxide of the RAW 264.7 cells. The PFM (purple flower extracted with MeOH) showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content, 606.95 mg GAE/100 g and 254.69 mg CE/100 g, respectively. Amongst the scavenging activities of the DPPH radicals, PFM($RC_{50}=155.06{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) is the highest of all the samples. The ABTS radical-scavenging activity is also highest for PFM (53.16%) at the $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. But, the SOD-like activity of the PFW (purple flower extracted with hot water) increases more than 3 folds of the PFM. In the leukemia HL-60 cell, the PFM shows strongly inhibited superoxide radical generations at a concentration of $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ at 72.34%, which increases with 1.79 folds more than the RFW (red flower extracted with hot water). The inhibition activity of nitric oxide in Raw 264.7 cells is the highest for PMF (46.90%) at a $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. In conclusion, PMF show the highest flavonoid contents and the most powerful free radical-scavenging activity. Our results suggest that the increase of antioxidant activities depend on flavonoid contents. Thus, Amaranth flower can be useful for natural antioxidant compounds.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.740-746
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• 2004

In order to identify the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of natural herbal extracts, widely used in the Korean traditional medicine, an in vitro screening system was designed using pGL3, a luciferase reporter vector, and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and cyclooxygenase (COX)-II as target genes. The promoter regions of each gene was generated by PCR using the human chromosome as template DNA, and inserted into pGL3 vector with Kpnl and Hindlll. The final construct was transfected into human myleomonocytic leukemia cells (U937) that could be differentiated and activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Using this system, we tested the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of several herbal extracts being regarded to have the medicinal effects of diminishing the body heat and complementing Qi. The well-known chemicals of PD98059 and berberine chloride were used as controls of the transcriptional inhibitors of TNF-α and COX-II, respectively. Among them, Salvia miltiorrhiza (Dan-Sam) was found to exhibit the significant medicinal properties of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.236-251
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• 2015

Objectives: To investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-histamine activities of 20 herbal medicines to test their efficacy in common cold treatment. Methods: For all experiments, the herbal medicines were extracted with 80% ethanol and freeze-dried. To determine the anti-oxidative properties, we tested DPPH-free radical-scavenging activity and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. To determine anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential, we investigated acetic acid-induced vascular permeability and writhing test in ICR mice. For anti-pyretic activities, an LPS-induced pyrexia study was conducted in rabbits. To evaluate the anti-histamine activity, we examined compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis in ICR mice and the release of β-hexosaminidase on rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. Results: Ephedrae herba, Forsythiae fructus, Cinnamomi ramulus, and Cimicifugae rhizome showed potent free-radical scavenging activities. Gentianae macrophyllae radix inhibited acetic acid-induced vascular permeability. Schizonepetae spica and Cimicifugae rhizome inhibited acetic acid. Cinnamomi ramulus and Angelicae decursivae radix inhibited LPS-induced pyrexia. Angeliace dahuricae radix and Asari radix inhibited compound 48/80. Scutellariae radix, Cinnamomi ramulus, Ephedrae herba, and Zingiberis rhizoma crudus potently inhibited the release of β-hexosaminidase. Conclusions: We examined the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-histamine activities of 20 herbal medicines;We examined the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-histamine activities of 20 herbal medicines Codonopsis pilosulae radix, Zingiberis rhizoma crudus, and Cinnamomi ramulus showed novel efficacy. These results suggest that some of herbal medicines may be very effective in treating common cold.

• ALGAE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.111-119
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• 2013

Marine microalgae are a promising source of organisms that can be cultured and targeted to isolate the broad spectrum of functional metabolites. In this study, two species of cyanobacteria, Chlorella ovalis Butcher and Nannchloropsis oculata Droop, one species of bacillariophyta, Phaeoductylum tricornutum Bohlin, and one species of Dinophyceae, Amphidinium carterae (Hulburt) were cultured and biomasses used to evaluate the proximate comical compositions. Among the determined proximate chemical compositions of the cultured marine microalgae, the highest content of crude proteins and lipids were exhibited in P. tricornutum and A. carterae, respectively. Solvent-solvent partition chromatography was subjected to fractionate each of the cultured species and separated n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions. Nitric oxide production inhibitory level (%) and cytotoxicity effect on lipo-polysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages were performed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity. N. oculata hexane and chloroform fractions showed significantly the strongest anti-inflammatory activity at $6.25{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ concentration. The cancer cell growth inhibition (%) was determined on three different cell lines including HL-60 (a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line), A549 (a human lung carcinoma cell line), and B16F10 (a mouse melanoma cell line), respectively. Among the extracts, C. ovalis ethyl acetate and A. carterae chloroform fractions suppressed the growth of HL-60 cells significantly at 25 and $50{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ concentrations. Thus, the cultured marine microalgae solvent extracts may have potentiality to isolate pharmacologically active metabolites further using advance chromatographic steps. Hence, the cultured marine microalgae can be described as a good candidate for the future therapeutic uses.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 2004

The anticancer activities of the extracts from Acanthopanax senticosus Harms, Ephedra sinica Stapf, Rubus coreanus Miq and Artemisia capillaris Thunb were compared according to extract systems. About 70% of the growth of human hepatocarcinoma cancer cell was inhibited in adding 1.0 mg/ml of the water extract from Rubus coreanus Miq with ultrasonification at $60^{\circ}C$. The growth of human normal lung cell was limited to 25% in adding the extracts with ultrasonification at $60^{\circ}C$. The effect of extracts obtained by only water and with ultrasonification on different of human promyelocytic leukemia cells was also observed.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

Purpose: Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) has been widely used. The optimal time for collection is a critical factor to obtain proper counts of CD34 cell by peripheral blood stem cell collection (PBSC). The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing peripheral blood stem cell collection in order to figure out the more effective timing for PBSC. Method: The subjects of this study were 189 patients undergoing 3 leukapheresis from January 28, 2005 to December 31,2006. Group's characteristics, checkup opinion of pre-peripheral blood on the day of harvest & outcome of PBSC were analyzed and evaluated using SAS statistics program after grouping patients as below; group 1-CD34 cell counts $<2{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=97); group $2-2{\times}10^6/kg$ ${\leq}CD34$ cell counts $<4{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=26); group 3-CD34 cell counts ${\geq}4{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=63). Results: Based on outcome of peripheral blood stem cell according to diagnosis, acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) was 65.5% at Group 1, Lymphoma was 21.7% at Group 2 and multiple myeloma (MM) was 70.8% at Group 3. There were significant differences in CD34 cell counts according to diagnosis (p=0.00004). Type of cytokine mobilization according to diagnosis, Lenograsim was using 62.5% of MM & 38.2% of AML and filgrastim is using 22.0% of AML only. Circular peripheral blood CD34 cell counts prior to harvest was $258.1/{\mu}L$ at Group 3 which was much higher comparing to Group 1 ($10.5/{\mu}L$) and Group 2 ($39.9/{\mu}L$) (p<0.001). TNC counts of collected peripheral blood stem cell was $15.36{\times}10^6/kg$ at Group 3 and it's much higher than Group 2 ($13.16{\times}10^6/kg$) and Group 1 ($12.36{\times}10^6/kg$) (p=0.083). There was no significant difference in MNC counts inbetween 3 groups. Conclusions: Circular peripheral blood CD34+ cell counts prior to harvest was much higher at Group 3 than Group 1 and Group 2. Therefore, the number of CD34+ cells on the day of harvest can be used as an accurate predictor for peripheral blood stem cell.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.324-329
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• 2014

For evaluating the anti-allergy activity of mushrooms, forty two mushroom extracts were studied their inhibitory activities on the IgE-mediated degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia cell line (RBL-2H3 cell). Effects of mushroom extracts on the release of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and beta-hexosaminidase, and the cell viability of the IgE-sensitized were measured. From the analysis, five mushroom extracts such as the water extract from Flammulina velutipes (Curt.:Fr.) Sing showed the suppressive activities on IL-4 release as 20%. Eight extracts including the water extract of Ganoserma lucidum showed the suppressive activities on ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release as 20%. Almost all of the extracts stimulated the proliferation of RBL-2H3 cell. The water extracts of Flammulina velutipes and Phellinus linteus were examined against the inhibitory activity in the production of IL-4 and ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase. Additionally, the extracts from Ganoserma lucidum, Isaria japonica, Phellinus linteus and Pleurotus ostreatus inhibited dose-dependently on ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase production. In conclusion, the result suggests that the mushrooms with the potent inhibitory efficacies on the degranulation of the mast cell would be candidate resources for the anti-allergy resources, and thus need to study for their utilization.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.513-521
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• 2020

B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi1) is a polycomb group protein and a core component of polycomb repressive complex 1. Initial research into Bmi1 has focused on its role in tumorigenesis, and it is generally accepted that it is important for the proliferation and survival of cancer cells. However, more recent studies have revealed that Bmi1 is downregulated in brains with neurodegenerative disease and that it regulates the function of mitochondria and reactive oxygen species levels. In this study, we tested the therapeutic potential of Bmi1 in pilocarpine-induced seizures in Bmi1-knockout mice. Bmi1 expression transiently increased in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 and the dentate gyrus following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). In terms of seizure behavior, SE induction was 43.14% and 53.57% for Bmi1^+/+ and Bmi1^+/- mice, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in mortality or hippocampal damage between the two groups. Two months after SE induction, the frequency of epileptic seizures in the Bmi1^+/- mice was 50% lower than in the control group, although the difference was not statistically significant. In addition, mossy fiber outgrowth in the Bmi1^+/- mice was significantly higher than in their wild-type littermates. Taken together, these data indicate that reduced Bmi1 activity increases pilocarpine-induced seizure probability and mossy fiber outgrowth.