• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.275-294
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• 2003

In this paper we compared and analyzed the Korean and German mathematics textbooks for the middle school students. For the research we investigated only the area of algebra, which is consisted of the three sections-section of numbers and arithmetic operations, section of letters and expressions, and section of rules and functions. We expect that this paper would contribute on the development of the whole area in our nation's mathematical educations, including the organization and exploitation of the curriculums for the middle school students.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.419-433
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• 2004

XML이 웹 상에서의 정보 표현, 통합, 교환을 위한 표준이 됨에 따라 다양한 XML 질의 언어들이 제안되었으며, World Wide Web Consortium(W3C)은 XQuery를 XML 질의 언어의 표준으로 권고하였다. XQuery는 SQL과 유사하게 중첩 질의를 허용하므로, 중첩된 XQuery 질의를 동일한 의미를 가지면서 보다 효율적으로 실행될 수 있는 질의로 변환하는 정규화 규칙들이 제안되었다. 하지만 제안된 정규화 규칙들은 제한적인 형태의 중첩 질의에만 적용되는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 특히, FLWR 표현식의 where 절에 있는 중첩을 처리할 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 SQL 질의의 정규화 규칙들을 확장하여 XQuery 질의의 정규화 규칙들을 제안한다. 제안한 정규화 규칙들은 FLWR 표현식의 모든 절에 나타나는 중첩을 처리할 수 있다. 본 논문의 주요 공헌은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 상관과 집계의 유무에 따라 XQuery 질의의 중첩 유형을 분류하고, 각 유형 별로 정규화 규칙들을 제안한다. 둘째, 중첩된 XQuery 질의에 정규화 규칙들을 적용하는 세부 알고리즘들을 제안한다.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제8권
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• pp.267-296
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• 2005

Typography, as the median for communication, has expanded its roles according the attributes of the media where it Is used, and the change of media follwing the change of times is presenting new directions to the field of typography. The attempts of 20C experimental typography prioritize visual formativeness, free typography and language started to appear on printed matters and different kinds of prints put pep in magazines. Thus, experiments in the aspects of effective delivery of inpormation that letters have and aesthetic side of shapes of letter are continuing. Today with the appearance of multimedia, development of visual colture and rapid development of digital technology, the range of experimental typography has expanded even wider and therefore, different kinds of expressions became possible. As seen above, unlike the existing static printed media that carries linguistic information only, letters in the multimedia environment is shown in the movie titles, TV or web not only as a basic visual media such as type and image, but as a dynamic and complex factor that contains additional information of motion and sound factor. This study will attempt to find the historic context of focus of moment from the kinetic art and define the moving letters as kinetic typography. Therefore, this paper will have an understanding on kinetic typography's background, concept and characteristics following the change of communication environment in the multimedia era and tried to study the basic theories of kinetic typography and the information delivery and imagery function of letters. Also, this paper attempted to carry out a study on whether kinetic typography is delivering information smoothly from the aspect of communication through the image role as delivering information by studying major works of artists who have influenced kinetic typography. Based on this study, I would like to suggest new direction for effective delivery of information and value of use.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.149-152
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• 2007

Mast cells play important roles in immune-related diseases, in particular, allergic diseases. Although 9-cis retinoic acid (9CRA) has been known as an immune regulator, its function in mast cells is not characterized well. In a previous paper, we demonstrated that 9CRA differentially decreases both CCR2 expression and the MCP-1-induced chemotactic activity of the human mast cell line, HMC-1 cells. In the present study, we examined the effects of 9CRA on the migration and expressions of inflammatory cytokines in HMC-1 cells. It was found that 9CRA significantly inhibited the migration of HMC-1 cells in response to stem cell factor (P<0.01), and it had no effect on the mRNA and protein expression of c-kit, a receptor binding to SCF. We further investigated the alternation of inflammatory cytokine expression and identified that 9CRA blocked the mRNA and protein expressions of Th2 cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5. Taken together, our results demonstrate that 9CRA blocks SCF-induced cell movement and the protein secretion of IL-4 and IL-5, and this indicates that 9CRA may have anti-inflammatory effects on mast cells.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2020

Excessive drinking of alcohol is known to be one of the main causes of various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Scopoletin is known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, and to protect nerve cells. This study examined whether scopoletin inhibits the alcohol-induced apoptosis of primary hippocampal neurons, and how scopoletin regulates several factors associated with the caspase-mediated pathway. To achieve this, the cell viability and apoptosis rate of primary hippocampal neurons were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. Apoptosis-related protein expressions (Bax, Bid, caspase-3, caspase-9, and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)) were analyzed by Western blotting, and the ANOVA method was used to confirm the significance of the measured results. As a result, scopoletin inhibited the expressions of alcohol-induced apoptosis and apoptosis-related proteins in primary hippocampal neurons. These results suggest that down-regulation of Bid, Bax, and cleaved caspase-9 expression induced by scopoletin down-regulates the expression of cleaved caspase-3, inhibits the expression of cleaved PARP, and finally, inhibits mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. The study suggests that scopoletin is worth developing as a candidate for neuroprotective agent.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.12-23
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• 2001

확장 경로식은 '$\ast$'문자를 이용하여 여러 개의 경로를 간단하게 나타내기 위해 사용하는 것으로 객체지향 데이타베이스(object-oriented database : OODB)에 저장된 XML 데이타를 검색하는 질의를 표현하기에 유리하다. 본 논문은 이러한 확장 경로식을 포함하는 OQL 질의를 효과적으로 처리하기 위한 인덱스 구조로서 다중 경로 인덱스 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 확장 경로식에 포함되는 각각의 단일 경로에 대해 고유한 경로 식별자를 부여한다. 그리고 인덱스 키값과 경로 식별자를 조합하여 저장하므로써 하나의 인덱스만을 이용하여 다수의 경로에 대한 검색과 단일한 경로에 대한 인덱스 기능을 동시에 지원하도록 하였다. 이 기법은 확장된 경로식에 대해 기존 인덱스를 여러 개 사용하는 방법보다 검색 성능을 높일 수 있고 B+-트리 인덱스 구조를 크게 변형하지 않고 사용할 수 있어 실용성이 우수하다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.409-424
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• 2008

This study intends to analyze T-shirt designs, particularly in connection with pop art. 444 pieces of T-shirts which conveyed the pop art spirits of well-known designers were selected for five years from 2001 to 2005, through fashion magazines(Collection: Dong-ah TV, Collezioni: Italy). The findings are as follows. As for formative characteristics of pop art in T-shirts, previous studies were analyzed to set classifications criteria such as popularization of images, eroticism, lettering and graffiti, assemblage. The design factor of the image popularization includes everyday images, cartoon, celebrities, and caricature. Everyday images ranked first followed by cartoon, caricature and celebrities. The design factor of eroticism ranges from the see-through look, partial exposure of human body, symbolization of underwear, and to printing of sexy images. The see-through look was ranked first, followed by partial exposure of human body, symbolization of underwear, and printing of sexy images. The design factor of lettering and graffiti encompasses letters, numbers, symbols and logos. Adoption of letters, numbers or symbols was ranked first, followed by brand logos and graffiti. The design factor of Assemblage is closely related to a three-dimensional effect. Varied expressions are possible: combination of two different textiles and fusion of textile and non-textile. Combination of two different textiles are higher than fusion of textile and non-textile.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2020

Various beneficial effects of sweet persimmon (Diospyros kaki T.) including anti-oxidation, anti-bacteria and viruses, anti-allergy were widely reported previously. However, the anti-inflammatory effect and its molecular mechanisms are not clear. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts of flower bud and fruit of sweet persimmon was investigated in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Both extracts of flower bud and fruit showed strong inhibitory effect on the LPS-induced NF-κB activation. IκBα, the inhibitor of NF-κB, was increased and the expressions of NF-κB target genes, COX-2 and iNOS, were suppressed by the treatment with the extracts of flower bud and fruit. The expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α were also suppressed by the extracts. In addition, the LPS-induced wnt/β-catenin pathway and its related gene expressions including cyclin D1, wnt 3a, wnt 5a were suppressed by the extracts. The extracts also showed anti-oxidant activity and suppressive effect on the LPS-induced apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that the flower bud and fruit of sweet persimmon display strong anti-inflammatory effect through inhibiting the pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in the cells.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제73호
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• pp.415-444
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• 2018

본고는 우정총국의 설치(1884년) 이후 근대 우편 제도가 정착하는 과정을 살피기 위한 것이다. 이를 위하여 우편 사업 초기(1900년-1945년) 편지의 전달 양상을 분석하였다. 2장에서는 '편지의 전달 방식의 변화 양상'을, 3장에서는 '표현의 변화 양상'을, 4장에서는 '우편의 명암'을 주제로 검토하였다. 편지의 전달 방식의 변화 양상 검토에서 민간인에 의한 인편에서 집배원에 의한 우편으로의 변화는 [인편 중심] > [인편 우편 공존기] > [우편 중심기]의 3단계로 나눌 수 있었다. 특히 2단계 시기에서 동일한 송 수신자가 상황에 따라 인편과 우편을 혼용하고 있는 점이 흥미로웠다. 그리고 급보용(急報用) 전보(電報)와 상보용(詳報用) 우편(郵便)의 기능상 차이를 편지의 내용 검토에서 확인할 수 있었다. 표현의 변화 양상 검토에서 '안부인사, 결말인사, 수신표현' 등에서 상투적 표현의 변화를 확인하였다. 또한 '우편'이 기본 용어로 자리 잡지 못하고 다양한 용어로 대체되어 쓰이는 현상을 확인하였으며 오히려 '우(郵)'가 독립적이고 생산적으로 쓰이고 있음을 확인하였다. 우편의 명암 검토에서 우편 전달은 '경제성, 신속성, 장거리 전달'이란 장점에도 불구하고 '배달 사고의 불만, 비밀유지의 불안' 등의 단점이 있었다. 우편 전달의 단점은 인편 전달로 보완할 수 있었기 때문에 우편과 인편은 상당기간 공존할 수 있었다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.307-310
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• 2010

Apoptosis is an important significance in the pathogenesis of cancer. Caspase 3 and p53 have been identified as important members of the apoptosis related proteins. This study was performed to define roles of caspase 3 expression and its relationship with p53 expression in endometrial cancers by immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity for caspase 3 was found in 13 (65.0%) out of 20 endometrial hyperplasia cases and 8 (36.4%) out of 22 endometrial cancers. Seven (87.5%) of the 8 cases with a positive caspase 3 immunoreactivity showed a positive p53 expression in 22 endometrial cancers. There were no significant associations between caspase 3 and p53 expressions. These findings suggest that caspase 3 expression might be associated with carcinogenesis of endometrial cancers. Further studies are needed to define the relationship between caspase 3 and p53 and apoptosis for examining the mechanisms of tissue-specific apoptosis related protein.