• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.182-184
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• 2009

In this letter, we derive a tight closed-form formula for an ergodic capacity of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) for the application of wireless communications. The derived expression is a simple closed-form formula to determine the ergodic capacity of MIMO systems. Assuming the channels are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Rayleigh flat-fading between antenna pairs, the ergodic capacity can be expressed in a closed form as the finite sum of exponential integrals.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2008년도 추계종합학술대회 B
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• pp.49-52
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• 2008

In this letter, we derive a tight closed form formula for an ergodic rapacity of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) for the application of wireless communications. The derived expression is a simple close-form formula to determine the ergodic capacity of MIMO systems. Assuming the channels are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Rayleigh flat-fading between antenna pairs, the ergodic capacity can be expressed in a closed form as the finite sum of exponential integrals.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.336-339
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• 2013

To enhance the symbol error rate (SER) performance of the two-way relay channels with physical layer network coding, this letter proposes a relay selection scheme, in which the relay with the maximal minimum distance between different points in its constellation among all relays is selected to assist two-way transmissions. We give the closed-form expression of minimum distance for binary phase-shift keying and quadrature phase-shift keying. Additionally, we design a low-complexity method for higher-order modulations based on look-up tables. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves the SER performance for two-way relay networks.

• 영어영문학
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.281-299
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• 2008

The main purpose of this essay is to suggest that Faulkner's "pro"-lynching letter published in Commercial-Appeal in 1931 does not contradict his antilynching works such as "Dry September," Light in August, Go Down, Moses, and Intruder in the Dust. In the letter, Faulkner writes, "they [lynching mobs] have a way of being right." The remark has been interpreted as the expression of Faulkner's sympathetic attitude toward lynching mobs; however, it can be also seen as Faulkner's observation and criticism of the southern white people's structures of feeling in his time that stubbornly justified lynching as a way to do justice to black people who did "not" deserve to be a legal subject. This essay argues that Faulkner understood that the legislation of anti-lynching law alone could not save black people from the violence of lynching as far as white people believed that black people were not their equals and that lynching was a right means to fulfill social justice. Faulkner's fictions such as Light in August and Go Down, Moses provide moments in which white male characters feel as if they were social others, and their experiences work as an ethical urge for them to stand up for social others. This essay illuminates how Faulkner depicts the process of white male characters' identity formation as a violent break from his strong tie with black friends, how they reverse the process to blur the border again through the experiences of becoming-other, and how the experience of becoming-other has a potentiality to play the role of an ethical agency in stopping the custom of lynching in the South.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.162-165
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• 2013

Recently, a new method called the local polynomial periodogram-Hough transform (LHT) was proposed for linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal detection. In this letter, a closed-form expression of the output signal-to-noise ratio is derived for the LHT, showing that the method exhibits a threshold effect for LFM signal detection. Comparisons with the pseudo-Wigner-Hough transform (PWHT) show that the threshold of the LHT is lower (better) than that of the PWHT.

• 한국기록관리학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.159-183
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• 2001

이 연구는 조선 초에 제작된 익안대군(益安大君) 방의(芳毅)발원의 "묘법연화경(妙法蓮華經)"제 5권 사경의 경우 발원문에 관한 연구 및 표지화, 변상화, 서체에 관한 고찰이다. 발원문에 관한 연구는 정확한 연대와 발원에 실제적으로 참석한 인물에 관한 연구에 집중하였다. 이 사경 발원문에는 정확한 연대에 대한 기록은 없고, 개국정난정사지원공익안대군(開國靖難定社止功原益益安大君) 방의동실정혜옹주최씨(芳毅同室貞惠翁主崔氏)라는 기록이 보여 상당한 혼란을 가져오게 한다. 표지화는 연화 - 당초문의 표면에 있어서는 고려 말로 호림미술관소장의 묘법연화경 7권분의 표지화로부터 시작된 굵은 태선으로 윤곽선을 그리는 양식적 특징이나 묘선의 경직화가 보다 심화된다. 이러한 특징은 조선적인 것으로 보아도 무방할 것 같다. 변상화는 향우(向右)의 설법화에 나타난 수미단의 계단에 산화가 그려지고 있는 점등이라든지 도식화된 지운(地雲)등에서는 고려말 조선초의 양식을 나타내고 있다. 그러나 석가의 형상이나 광배는 태종 15년(1415)에 제작된 내소사소장 "묘법연화경(妙法蓮華經)" 7권본 한질의 변상화에서 보여주는 특징과 거의 같아 이러한 점은 조선적인 특징이라 할 수 있다. 서체에 있어서는 충선왕 이후, 고려후기 사경 중에 나타나고 있는 송설체(松雪體)가 엿보인다. 이러한 고찰을 통해 조선초 왕실발원 사경의 양식적 특징을 명확히 함으로서 년대 불확실한 고려사경의 년대추정에도 어떤 기준을 미련 하고자 했다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.103-115
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the consumers′ cognition and buying behavior on sports brand character. Since the character industries are booming, this study focused on the source and the expression method of sports brand characters that are already known to consumers. Subjects of this study were university students who were interested in sports brand characters, living in Seoul and Kyenggi-do. The questionnaire were developed based on the previous studies. Data were analysed by Frequency analysis, ANOVA, Duncan Test, and Spearman′s Rho. The results were as follows: 1. The most preferred source of sports brands character was "illustrated human figure"(i.e. a famous athlete like Michael Jordan). And the most favorite expression method of character was the combination of letter and symbol as the character of ASICS and NIKE. 2. The important design factors of sports brand character were the symbolism and aesthetics. The consumer recognized NIKE as the most well-designed character design. 3. Consumers′ preference of sports brand was found to be NIKE, REEBOK, ADIDAS, and FILA, in order. The reasons for preference were the design, the brand image, and the quality. On the other hand, the most frequently purchased brand was NIKE, FILA, and ADIDAS in order. Most of the purchase took place in the brand outlet store, and the consumers usually came with their friends for purchase of sports brand. The display of store was the consumers′ major source of information. 4. The preference group of sports brand character recognized more importantly color, design, brand, and especially fashionability than the non-preference group. And the most important criteria for brand selection were design, price, and comfort orderly. 5. Female consumers recognized more importantly color, design, brand, and others′ recommendations than male consumers. The aged consumers recognized importantly durability, comfort, and quality.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.191-206
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• 2016

A designer representing an avant guard fashion, Martin Margiela introduces experimental collections that seek ideational and ideal values, breaking away from limits of popular universality or usefulness of fashion. This study seeks to interpret Martin Margiela's design characteristics from the perspective of ambiguity, and thereby examine theoretical basis of meaning interpretation of his ambiguous and innovative design. In poetic meaning ambiguity is verbal nuance which gives room for alternative reaction the same piece of language. By way of study methods, concepts and characteristics of ambiguity were examined based on William Empson's seven types of ambiguity, and characteristics of Martin Margiela's fashion design were analyzed from the perspective of ambiguity. In the study, expression of ambiguity in Martin Margiela's fashion design was categorized into ambiguity of forms, that of meanings, and that of existence. Ambiguity of forms could be found indeterminate form of clothes and flat clothes. Ambiguity of meaning refers to ambiguity arising from the possibility of the meaning that fashion design is going to convey diverse interpretation. Ambiguity of meaning could be found up-cycling vintage clothes, semi-couture, signs of time, unfitting size, and symbolic letter. Ambiguity of existence could be found inanimate dummy, face shrouded with a veil and expression of multiple identity. In Martin Margiela's fashion design ambiguity gives rise to joy of something fresh, amusement felt about what deviates from normality and the possibility of fashion design's endless creations.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.225-236
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• 2005

경기침체 및 정치 사회적인 불안심리를 익살맞은 아이템을 통해서 해소시켜보려는 신선한 시도로 재미(fun)가 디자인 분야에서 키워드로 떠오르고 있다. 본 연구는 현대 패션디자인에 반영되어 나타나는 재미의 다양한 활용을 주제별로 유형화하고 그 표현방법을 조형적으로 분석하여 패션디자인에 있어서 재미의 개념구조에 대한 본질을 규명하고자 하였다. 2001년 S/S부터 2005년 F/W컬렉션에서 발표된 디자인 중 유머를 표현하고 있다고 판단되는 디자인 412점을 연구자료로 산정한 후, 범주화하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과 패션디자인에서의 재미의 주제에 따른 유형은 해학, 키덜트, 아이러니, 풍자와 패러디, 스토리텔링, 놀이로 분류될 수 있었으며, 디자인의 조형적 특성은 화려한 색채, 실루엣, 문자, 오브제, 드로잉의 요소와 변형/과장, 부조화, 반복의 원리를 활용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다 또한 이러한 표현들은 전통적인 유머 이론인 부조화이론, 우월성 이론, 각성 이론과 상통하며, 긍정, 따스함, 엔터테인먼트, 젊음, 모순, 의외, 일탈, 암시, 공격, 설명, 그리고 주체에 있어서는 수동적 수용뿐만 아니라 놀이와 같이 능동적 체험을 제공하는 가치를 갖는다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to be data and to help understanding of pattern of Korean, Chinese and Japanese traditional dress. The methods of this study are the study of academic literatures as well as practical study through the analysis of case studies about actual works. The summary of this study's results is like followings. First, standard of Pattern are nature, mam-made in motif object, Naturalistic, Geometric, Stylized, Abstract in motif express, Order, Disorder in pattern express. Second, a point of sameness of motif object in traditional dress of three nations were that nature and letter abstractive of mam-made is a lot. but motif of Japan was used in daily life motif of mam-made which was not in Korea and China Third, commonly, motif expression of three nations were developed Naturalistic, Stylized. but in Naturalistic, Korea was simple, plane, China was three-dimensional, Japan was expressed super realism. Fourth, as formative aesthetic of Pattern, Korea is natural, plane, simple and symbolic, China is gorgeous, three-dimensional, immaculacy, filling and symbolic, Japan is delicate, complicated, decoration and symbolic.