• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.214-220
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• 1997

A thin film optical waveguide sensor has been developed to measure and analyze quantitatively some inherent optical properties of biochemical substances. In this paper, two different kinds of thickness of thin film waveguide were prepared by RF sputtering of Corning-7059 glass(n = 1.588 at ${\lambda}=\;514nm$, Ar laser) on Pyrex glass substrates. We made a sensing membrane coated on the thin film waveguide with the poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol) (91 : 3 : 6) copolymer membrane based on $H^{+}$-selective chromoionophore and $K^{+}$-selective neutral ionophore and then proposed the thin film opptical waveguide ion sensor which can select a potassium ion. This sensor based ell the absorbance change by utilizing chromoionophore and neutral ionophore, which changes their absorption spectrum in the UV-vis region upon complexation of the corresponding ionic species, have been reported. The sensitivity dependence of the proposed sensor on interaction length, waveguide thickness, and content of a chromoionophore was investigated. This sensor has the measurement range of $10^{-6}M{\sim}1M$ for $K^{+}$ concentration and 90% response time of duration within 1 min. Also, our thin film optical waveguide sensor using the evanescent field was investigated as compared with conventional transmission sensor or optode sensor by the optical fiber. The sensitivity of thin-film waveguide $K^{+}$ sensor is higher than that of the conventional transmission sensor. The proposed sensor is expected to be useful to biochemical, medical, environmental inspection and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.69-77
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• 2000

In this paper, the effects of the positions of the potential and current probes on the measurements of the ground resistance and potential gradients with the fall-of-potential method are described and the testing techniques to minimize the measuring errors are proposed. The fall-of-potential method is theoretically based on the potential and current measuring principle and the measuring error is primarily caused by the position and ground resistance of the measuring probes. The ground resistance is calculated by applying the 61.8% and rule in the fall-of-potential method, and then the potential probe is located on the straight line between the grounding electrode to be measured and the current probe. However, sometimes the grounding electrode to be measured and the measuring probes in on-site test might not be arranged on the straight line with adequate distance because there are building, road block, construction and other establishments. Provided that the grounding electrode to be measured and the measuring probes ar out of position on the straight line or have inadequate distance, the measurement of the ground resistance classically falls into an error and the measured ground resistance should be corrected. Measurements were focused on the grounding electrode system made by the ground rods of 2.4m long. It was found that the suitable separation between the grounding electrode to be measured and the current probe is more than 5 times of the length of the grounding electrode to be measured.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.674-681
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• 2008

Hospital malnutrition could be caused by not completing the food served in the hospital. This has been a big problem since it delays the recovery of the patient and extends the length of hospital stay. The purpose of the study was to reduce the plate waste for the DM diet by performing several nutrition service improvement activities. The study was performed in a general hospital with 900 beds. A questionnaire survey was taken by 39 DM patients to obtain their aspect of the hospital foodservice systems and the quality of the meals at the beginning of the study. The amounts of foods served in the hospital kitchen and returned were measured by weights. After the improvement activities, the measurement of the plate waste was performed again for comparison. The average percentage of plate waste for the DM diet was 23.2%. The survey showed no difference by sex, age or duration of admission in plate waste. However, this food wastage percentage showed differences between the patients having a chance to get information about the diet therapy (12.21%) and not having one (26.06%) (p < 0.05). Using a five-point Likert-type scale, the quality of food by its taste was 2.49 (1: very poor, 5: excellent), the temperature score was 3.56 (1: very poor, 5: excellent), and the amount of food served score was 2.95 (1: very poor, 5: excellent), and the preference score was 3.13 (1: very dislike, 5: very like). Nutritional care improving activities were performed by adjusting seasonings, developing new menus, and standardizing cooking methods in order to increase the satisfaction of meal quality. The dietitian's inpatients care protocol was adjusted to expand the nutritional counseling chance for the DM patients. After the improvement activities, the average plate waste was reduced to 14.6%, and the satisfaction of food taste and preference increased to 3.21 (p < 0.001), and 3.36 (p < 0.05) correspondingly. The result shows that, for therapeutic diet patients, food intake could be increased by improving the food service satisfaction by controlling the meal quality and clinical nutritional service activities.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2009

The optical fiber cable acting as a sensor was embedded in the underground research tunnel and portal area in order to monitor their stability and the spatial temperature variation. This system includes two types of sensing function to monitor the distributed strain and temperature along the line, where sensor cable is installed, not a point sensing. According to the results of one year monitoring around the KURT, there is no significant displacement or movement at the tunnel wall and portal slope. However, it would be able to aware of some phenomena as an advance notice at the tunnel wall which indicates the fracturing in rockmass and shotcrete fragmentation before rock falls accidently as well as movement of earth slope. The measurement resolution for rock mass displacement is 1 mm per 1 m and it covers 30 km length with every 1m interval in minimum. In temperature, the cable measures the range of $-160{\sim}600^{\circ}C$ with $0.01^{\circ}C$ resolution according to the cable types. This means that it would be applicable to monitoring system for the safe operation of various kinds of facilities having static and/or dynamic characteristics, such as chemical plant, pipeline, rail, huge building, long and slim structures, bridge, subway and marine vessel. etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1109-1120
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• 2009

This study develops a fitted torso type basic pattern for men by utilizing 3D body scan data. Recent fashion trends are reflected in the development of the pattern. The subjects were 15 men in their 20's, who wear size 95 (M size). Body scan data was obtained through a 3D whole body scanner (WB4, Cyberware, USA), and a body surface development figure for developing male fitted torso type basic pattern was attained through the use of Rapid Form 2006 as well as Auto CAD 2006 programs. The results are as follows: A body surface development figure through body surface segment method showed high exactitude in an error range of 100$\pm$1%. In addition, it occurred in an error range of 100:1:3% because of the hard scanning conditions in the incline of the shoulder and armpit areas. However, the body surface development figure as well as the direct measurement results can be used as basic data for the given patternmaking since the error range falls into 100$\pm$3%. Dart amounts obtained from the average cross section were center back 2.2cm (24.3%), back armpit point 3.8cm (41.8%), front armpit point 3.0cm (33.9%). As shown the jacket pattern, the biggest dart amount was portioned out at the back armpit point. The drafting equations for the development pattern acquired are as follows; Full width=C/2+5cm, back length=height/4-1cm, armhole depth=(C/10+12cm)+3cm, back width=2C/10+2cm, front width=2C/10. The development pattern was a fitted torso basic pattern that was composed of 3 pieces, so it would be very useful in developing shirt or jacket patterns. According to the results of the evaluation of the developed pattern appearance, it obtained higher scores of over 3.5 points in almost items, meaning that the developed pattern is appropriate for a male fitted torso type basic pattern. It suggests a possibility of patternmaking from a body surface development figure in 2-D to prototype.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 1988

Recent Experimental results show that the J integral can be effectively used to obtain a valid parameter for predicting plane strain and plane stress fracture. However, only a few research results have been reported for the effect of thickness where the plane strain state can not be assumed. A purpose of this study is to find the behavior of fracture touhness and tearing modulus varing the specimen thickness. The type of specimen in the present study is compact tension (CT). The thicknesses of the low carbon steel specimens that are used in the experiments are 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25mm. The measurement of crack length is taken by optical measurements method. From the study, the followings are found; 1) The fracture toughness and the tearing modulus which are obtained by using Yoon's and Simpson's formula show more conservative than that by using Rice's and Merkel's. 2) The fracture toughness is increase in specimen thickness which is reached 15mm. Beyond this thickness the fracture toughness is decreased in specimen thickness. 3) In the case of CT specimen with the thickness ranging from 5 to 25mm, the tearing modulus which is applied the same J integral equation is almost constant. 4) By using Yoon's formula, the correlation of the plane slress fracture toughness J sub(C) with specimen thickness B is expressed as the following formula. J sub(C)/J sub(IC)=1.7-15.1(B/W)+112.9(B/W) super(2) -301.3(B/W) super(3) +260.6(B/W) super(4)

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 1994

Recently, sound and mechanical vibration are becoming important problems in our life. In the present study, the measurement of vibration absorption characteristics of barium titanate ceramics and the investigation of its relationship to microstructures were carried out. The barium titanate ceramics is expected to be better vibration absorption material owing to its chemical and physical stability than other conventional vibration absorbers like glasswool board. Barium titanate ceramics were prepared by sintering fiberous $BaTiO_{3}$ crystallites in order to enhance the vibration absorption characteristics. The fiberous $BaTiO_{3}$ ceramics were prepared through the ionic exchange after the preparation of fiberous $K_2Ti_4O_9$ with 0.2$\mu\textrm{m}$, 1.2$\mu\textrm{m}$, 2.0$\mu\textrm{m}$, diameter length by KDC method. The fiberous crystallites were oriented in a plane perpendicular to the press direction and sintered. The investigation of the grain diameters of the sintered ceramics, equivalent factor, electromechanical coupling factor($k_1$), and the generated voltage(V) shows that the grain's diameter decreases with the increase of the diameter of the used fiberous crystallites. The vibration absorption increases the crystallites' diameter. That means that the vibration absorption increases with the internal friction of grain boundary. Which was identified by the investigation of the equivallent circuit.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.486-493
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• 2010

This article introduces a novel ultra wideband(UWB) bandpass filter(BPF) with sharp roll-off characteristics in stripline structure. The UWB characteristic is basically obtained from capacitive coupled cross resonator. The resonator has ${\lambda}/2$ length. And at the center of the resonator, two stubs are loaded, one is a ${\lambda}/8$ short-circuited stub and the other is a ${\lambda}/8$ open-circuited stub. The two stubs provide two attenuation poles at lower and upper cutoff frequencies. For input and output lines, two identical capacitively coupled lines have been installed to suppress the unwanted signals in the lower and upper stopbands. The filter has been designed for the U.S. UWB band(3.1~10.6 GHz) with two transmission zeros at 2.4 and 11.1 GHz. The filter has been realized with Low Temperature Core-fired Ceramic(LTCC) green tape which has the dielectric constant of 7.8. Measurement results agree well with HFSS simulation results. Insertion loss less than 0.7 dB and return loss better than 14 dB in the pass band have been measured. The group delay in the center frequency is 0.27 ns and the group delay variation within pass band is less than 0.5 ns. The size of the filter is $6{\times}18{\times}0.6\;mm^3$.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.162-168
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• 2012

In proton therapy, in vivo dose verification is one of the most important parts to fully utilize characteristics of proton dose distribution concentrating high dose with steep gradient and guarantee the patient safety. Currently, in order to image the proton dose distribution, a prompt gamma distribution detection system, which consists of an array of multiple CsI(Tl) scintillation detectors in the vertical direction, a collimator, and a multi-channel DAQ system is under development. In the present study, the optimal design of prompt gamma distribution detection system was studied by Monte Carlo simulations using the MCNPX code. For effective measurement of high-energy prompt gammas with enough imaging resolution, the dimensions of the CsI(Tl) scintillator was determined to be $6{\times}6{\times}50mm^3$. In order to maximize the detection efficiency for prompt gammas while minimizing the contribution of background gammas generated by neutron captures, the hole size and the length of the collimator were optimized as $6{\times}6mm^2$ and 150 mm, respectively. Finally, the performance of the detection system optimized in the present study was predicted by Monte Carlo simulations for a 150 MeV proton beam. Our result shows that the detection system in the optimal dimensions can effectively measure the 2D prompt gamma distribution and determine the beam range within 1 mm errors for 150 MeV proton beam.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.369-379
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare the initial effect of nerve mobilization (NM), static stretching (SS), and contract-relax (CR) techniques to find the best method in improving hamstring flexibility and gait function in patients with hemiplegia. Methods : Eleven patients with hemiplegia were included in this study. Passive knee extension (PKE) range of motion and the sit and reach (SR) test were used to measure hamstring flexibility, while timed up and go (TUG) and the 10m walking (10MW) test were used to measure the subject's gait. Measurements on each test were assessed prior to the experiment, immediately following the experiment, and 30 minutes after the experiment. Analysis of the results utilized a repeated measures analysis of variance to examine hamstring flexibility and the difference in walking ability. Results : The results suggest significant increases in NM, SS, and CR techniques as they relate to hamstring flexibility (p<.05) following (both immediate and 30 minutes post experiment) PKE range of motion and the SR test, but post-hoc showed no significant difference between the three techniques (p>.05). Additionally, the results suggest significant increases in NM, SS, and CR techniques as they relate to gait function (p<.05) following the TUG test, but found no significant difference in the 10MW test (p>.05). Post-hoc analysis between the three techniques suggests that only the NM technique significantly changed gait function. The time of TUG and 10MW test showed no significant difference between the three techniques before an experiment, just after an experiment, and 30 minutes following the experiment according to the measurement points in time (p>.05). Conclusion : This study suggests NM, SS, and CR techniques immediately improve hamstring length and flexibility while improving gait function in patients with hemiplegia.