• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.179-188
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• 2016

Purpose: This cross-sectional study aimed to document the dietary behaviors, dietary changes, and health status of female marriage immigrants residing in Gwangju, Korea. Methods: The survey included 92 female immigrants attending Korean language class at a multi-cultural family support center. General characteristics, health status, anthropometric data, dietary behaviors, and dietary changes were collected. Results: Mean age of subjects was 31.3 years, and home countries of subjects were Vietnam (50.0%), China (26.0%), Philippines (12.0%), and others (12.0%). Frequently reported chronic diseases were digestive diseases (13.2%), anemia (12.1%), and neuropsychiatry disorder (8.9%). Seventeen percent of the subjects was obese ($BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$). Dietary score by Mini Dietary Assessment was 3.45 out of 5 points. Dietary scores for dairy foods, meat/fish/egg/bean intake, meal regularity, and food variety were low, and those for fried foods and high fat meat intake were also low. Thirty-three percent of subjects answered that they have changed their diet and increased their consumption of fruits and vegetables after immigration. Length of residence in Korea was positively associated with BMI and waist circumference. Length of residence tends to be positively associated with dietary changes and obesity as well as inversely associated with disease prevalence. Conclusion: The study shows that length of residence is inversely related to disease prevalence. However, this association is thought to be due to the relatively short period of residence in Korea and thus the transitional phase to adapting to dietary practices. As the length of residence increases, disease patterns related to obesity are subject to change. Healthy dietary behaviors and adaptation to dietary practices in Korea in female marriage immigrants will not only benefit individuals but also their families and social structure. Therefore, varied, long-term, and target-specific studies on female marriage immigrants are highly needed.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2009

"Sukang", a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. It was derived from the cross "Suwon266" / "Asakaze" during 1994. "Sukang" was evaluated as "Iksan312" in Advanced Yield Trial Test in 2005. It was tested in the regional yield trial test between 2006 and 2008. "Sukang" is an awned, semi-dwarf and hard winter wheat, similar to "Keumkang" (check cultivar). The heading and maturing date of "Sukang" were similar to "Keumkang". Culm and spike length of "Sukang" were 90 cm and 8.1 cm, longer culm length and similar spike length compared to "Keumkang" (80 cm and 7.9 cm, respectively). "Sukang" had similar test weight (819 g/L) and lower 1,000-grain weight (40.2 g) than "Keumkang" (813 g/L and 44.9 g, respectively). "Sukang" showed resistance to winter hardiness and pre-harvest sprouting, which lower withering rate on the high ridge (4.5%) and rate of pre-harvest sprouting (0.2%) than "Keumkang" (21.9% and 30.4%, respectively). "Sukang" had lower flour yield (71.1%) and higher ash content (0.45%) than "Keumkang" (74.1% and 0.42%, respectively). "Sukang" showed lower lightness (89.13) and higher yellowness (10.93) in flour color than "Keumkang" (90.02 and 9.28, respectively). It showed higher protein content (12.8%) and gluten content (11.1%) and lower SDS-sedimentation volume (56.8 ml) and mixing time of mixograph (2.6 min) than "Keumkang" (11.9%, 10.2%, 62.3 ml and 4.7 min, respectively). Fermentation properties, amylose content and pasting properties of "Sukang" were similar to "Keumkang". "Sukang" showed different compositions in high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS, $2^{\ast}$, 13+16, 2+12) and puroindolines (pina-1b/pinb-1a) compared to "Keumkang" ($2^{\ast}$, 7+8, 5+10 in HMW-GS and Pina-1a/Pinb-1b in puroindolines, respectively). "Sukang" showed lower hardness (4.53 N) and similar springiness and cohesiveness of cooked noodles (0.94 and 0.63) compared to "Keumkang" (4.65 N, 0.93 and 0.64, respectively). Average yield of "Sukang" in the regional adaptation yield trial was 5.34 MT/ha in upland and 4.72 MT/ha in paddy field, which was 4% and 1% lower than those of "Keumkang" (5.55 MT/ha and 4.77 MT/ha, respectively). "Sukang" would be suitable for the area above $-10^{\circ}C$ of daily minimum temperature in January in Korean peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2009

"Hanbaek", a white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. It was derived from the cross "Shan7859/Keumkang"//"Guamuehill" during 1996. "Hanbaek" was evaluated as "Iksan314" in Advanced Yield Trial Test in 2005. It was tested in the regional yield trial between 2006 and 2008. "Hanbaek" is an awned, semi-dwarf and hard winter wheat, similar to "Keumkang" (check cultivar). The heading and maturing date of "Hanbaek" were similar to that of "Keumkang". Culm and spike length of "Hanbaek" were 89 cm and 9.0 cm, which longer culm length and spike length than "Keumkang" (80 cm and 7.9 cm, respectively). "Hanbaek" had lower test weight (797 g) and higher 1,000-grain weight (47.7 g) than "Keumkang" (813 g and 44.9 g, respectively). "Hanbaek" showed resistance to winter hardiness and susceptible to pre-harvest sprouting, which lower withering rate on the high ridge (4.4%) and higher rate of pre-harvest sprouting (47.9%) than "Keumkang" (21.9% and 30.4%, respectively). "Hanbaek" had similar flour yield (74.4%) to "Keumkang" (74.1%) and higher ash content (0.45%) than "Keumkang" (0.42%). "Hanbaek" showed lower lightness (89.13) and similar redness and yellowness (-0.87 and 10.93) in flour color than "Keumkang" (90.02, -1.23 and 9.28, respectively). It showed similar protein content (12.8%) SDS-sedimentation volume (63.0 ml) and gluten content (10.8%) to those of "Keumkang" (11.9%, 62.3 ml and 10.2%, respectively). It showed lower water absorption (59.6%) and mixing time (3.8 min) in mixograph and higher fermentation volume (1,350 ml) than those of "Keumkang" (60.6%, 4.7 min and 1,290 ml, respectively). Amylose content and pasting properties of "Hanbaek " were similar to those of "Keumkang". "Hanbaek" showed same compositions in high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS, 2*, 13+16, 2+12), granule bound starch synthase (Wx-A1a, Wx-B1a, and Wx-D1a) and puroindolines (Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b) compared to "Keumkang". "Hanbaek" showed lower hardness (4.22N) and similar springiness and cohesiveness of cooked noodles (0.94 and 0.63) to those of "Keumkang" (4.65N, 0.93 and 0.64, respectively). Average yield of "Hanbaek" in the regional adaptation yield trial was 5.98 MT/ha in upland and 5.05 MT/ha in paddy field, which was 8% and 6% higher than those of "Keumkang" (5.55 MT/ha and 4.77 MT/ha, respectively). "Hanbaek" would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum temperature of $-10^{\circ}C$ in January in Korean peninsula.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.285-292
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• 2011

In plants, heteroblasty reflects the morphological adaptation during leaf development according to the external environmental condition and affects the final shape and size of organ. Among parameters displaying heteroblasty, leaf index is an important and typical one to represent the shape and size of simple leaves. Leaf index factor is eventually determined by cell proliferation and cell expansion in leaf blades. Although several regulators and their mechanisms controlling the cell division and cell expansion in leaf development have been studied, it does not fully provide a blueprint of organ formation and morphogenesis during environmental changes. To investigate genes and their mechanisms controlling leaf index during leaf development, we carried out molecular-genetic and physiological experiments using an Arabidopsis mutant. In this study, we identified macrophylla (mac) which had enlarged leaves. In detail, the mac mutant showed alteration in leaf index and cell expansion in direction of width and length, resulting in not only modification of leaf shape but also disruption of heteroblasty. Molecular-genetic studies indicated that mac mutant had point mutation in ROTUDIFOLIA3 (ROT3) gene involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and was an allele of rot3-1 mutant. We named it mac/rot3-5 mutant. The expression of ROT3 gene was controlled by negative feedback inhibition by the treatment of brassinosteroid hormone, suggesting that ROT3 gene was involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis. In dark condition, in addition, the expression of ROT3 gene was up-regulated and mac/rot3-5 mutant showed lower response, compare to wild type in petiole elongation. This study suggests that ROT3 gene has an important role in control of leaf index during leaf expansion process for proper environmental adaptation, such as shade avoidance syndrome, via the control of brassinosteroid biosynthesis.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.570-579
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• 2015

Lindera sericea, which belongs to genus Lindera in the Lauraceae family, is labeled under Least Concerned (LC) among Korean rare plants, floristics specific species IV grade and also flagpole species of the Mudeung National Park. It is distributed in Mt. Mudeung, Mt. Cheonbong and Mt. Chogye within gradients from $12^{\circ}$ to $51^{\circ}$. The slope area is from northeast to northwest sides and the altitude range of distribution site is between 220 m and 533 m. The vascular plants in the quadrate where Lindera sericea were studied were identified as a total of 72 taxa; 37 families, 54 genera, 66 species, 5 variants and 1 forma. Among the floristics specific species, IV grade species was Lindera sericea and III grade species were Stewartia pseudocamellia and Acer palmatum. Korean endemic species were Stewartia pseudocamellia and Carex okamotoi. As for the vegetation group, Quercus mongolica and Q. serratak - Lindera sericea, Styrax japonicus populations were found in Mt. Mudeung area where Lindera sericea appeared, Stewartia pseudocamellia-Lindera sericea and Sasa borealis populations were found in Mt. Cheonbong areas, Carpinus laxiflora - Lindera sericea and Sasa borealis populations were found in Mt. Chogye area, and Stewartia pseudocamellia-Lindera sericea and Sasa borealis populations were found in Songgwangsa area. A total number of 662 Lindera sericea individuals were examined. The number of trees with 1 trunk including younger individuals was 353 (53.32%), and the number of trees with 2 to 5 stems was 270 (40.79%). The number of trees with the greatest number of sprouts was 27. Of 662 trees in total, the total number of sprouts was 1,198. Among these, 699 trees (58.34%) were between 50 cm and 150 cm in height. The tallest tree was 585 cm. The most common root-collar diameter of sprouts (992, 82.81%) was under 1 cm, followed by the sprouts with collar diameter from 1.0 to 1.5 cm(156, 13.2%). Among them, the largest root-collar diameter was 3.2 cm. This Lindera sericea specimen had the tallest trunk (565 cm) which was torn lengthwise on one side. Its root and breast parts were decayed by 50% and 25 respectively. Some branches of the three trunks that were more than 4 m in length were dead in the apical portion. Therefore, it is proposed that the Korean Lindera sericea maintains an apical dominance tree type while showing morphological adaptation as a typical shrub because it autonomously decays some branches and trunks over a certain height while increasing the number of its sprouts.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.328-332
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• 2009

A new malting barley variety, "Oreum", was developed from the a cross between 'Kinuyutaka' and 'Samdobori' at the Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI) in 2006. An elite line, YMB2077-2B-24-1-2, was selected in 2003 and designated as 'Milyang132'. It showed good agronomic performance in the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) from 2004 to 2006, and was released with the name of "Oreum" having high yielding and BaYMV resistance. The average heading and maturing dates of "Oreum" were April 18 and May 24, which were 2 days later than 'Jinyang', a leading variety, at RYT. "Oreum" had longer culm length (75 cm), more spikes per $m^2$ (990), and lighter 1,000 grain weight (35.2 g) than those of 'Jinyang' in paddy field conditions. It was showed resistance to BaYMV at the regions of Naju, Jinju and Milyang but moderate resistance at Iksan. However, the response to other environmental stresses of was similar to 'Jinyang' The yield potential of "Oreum" was about 5.43 MT/ha, 4.93 MT/ha in upland and paddy fields which was about 80%, 35% higher than Jinyang in the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT), respectively. It has good malting quality including high grain assortment, germination capacity ratio, water sensitivity and high the malt production and the extract and short filtration speed than those of 'Jinyang'.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 1974

The object of this research is aimed to determine the activity of adenyl cyclase in both skeletal muscle sarcolemma and fat cell ghost of epididymal adipose tissue isolated from rats exposed to cold for various length of time in an attempt to evaluate whether the tissue sensitivity to catecholamine is increased when rats are exposed to cold for long periods of time Methods: a)Animals: Albino rats ranging in weight from 150 to 200 gm were used throughout this study. For experimental purposes, the rats are divided into two groups: experimental animals were place4 in a cold room at $4^{\circ}C$, controls being kept at $25^{\circ}C$. At the end of 2, 4, 6, 12, and 16 weeks. exposure to cold the rats were used to measure the adenyl cyclase activity. b) Isolation of plasma membrane from skeletal muscle and adipose tissue: The Plasma membrane of skeletal muscle from hind limbs of rats are prepared by the method employed by Rosenthal et at. and fat cell ghost of epididymal adipose tissue of rats by the method employed by Rodbell. c) Adenyl cyclase assay: Adenyl cyclase activity were measured by the method employed by Marinetti et al. Briefly, plasma membrane was incubated with $3^H-ATP$, various amount of noradrenaline and other incubation mixture at $37^{\circ}C$ for 20 minutes. After stopping the enzyme reaction by immersion in boiling water, carrier 3',5'-AMP was added to the system as a marker and $100\;{\mu}1$ aliquots of incubation mixture were pipetted on $20{\time}20$ Whatman No. 3 MM filter paper for one dimensional chromatography. The cyclic AMP spots were cut off and placed in counting vials containing 10ml of Bray's scintillation cocktail. Radioactivity was determined with a Packard Tri-Carb liquid scintillation counter. The enzyme activity is expressed as nanomoles of cyclic AMP produced per mg of membrane per hour. Result: 1. Average adenyl cyclase activity in the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle before and after noradrenaline administration was significantly higher in the cold-exposed rats as compared to the control. Continuous exposure to cold Produced an increased adenyl cyclase activity before and after noradrenaline administration. Adenyl cyclase activity reached peak levels at the 6 weeks exposure to told and level of adenyl cyclase activity remained high. Noradrenaline administration to the incubation medium induced a significant increase in adenyl cyclase activity and the degree of stimulation were proportional to the hormonal concentration But the rate of inclement in adenyl cyclase activity by noradreasline was the same in both groups. 2. Adenyl cyclase activity in fat cell ghost between cold exposed and control rats showed no significant differences before and after noradreualine administration. In summary, it can be concluded that cold adaptation give rise an increased activity of adenyl cyclase in plasma membrane of skeletal muscle in rats.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.16 no.8 s.99
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• pp.815-824
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• 2005

In this paper, we proposed a new DGS(Defected Ground Structure) Doherty amplifier for IMT-2000 band. Originally, active load-pull analysis of a Doherty amplifier assumes ideal harmonic termination condition. However, there have been no papers considering this ideal harmonic termination condition. We obtained excellent improvements of efficiency, gain, maximum output power as well as superior size reduction of a Doherly amplifier by satisfying the overlooked assumption of ideal harmonic termination through the adaptation of DGS at the output transmission line of carrier and peaking amplifier that is essential for Doherty operation. The amount of both the 2nd and the 3rd harmonic rejection of the proposed DGS Doherty amplifier over the conventional one are 44.92 dB and over 23.77 dB, respectively. The acquired improvement in Pl dB, gain, drain efficiency, and ACPR to WCDMA 1FA signal were 0.42 dB, 0.33 dB, $6.4\%$ and 5.4 dBc, respectively. Moreover, electrical length of $90{\circ}$ is reduced at each of the DGS carrier amplifier path and DGS peaking amplifier path, therefore the whole amplifier circuit size is considerably reduced.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.551-559
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• 1996

To examine the effects of dietary fibers on gastrointestinal physiology, rats were fed with diets containing 10% sodium alginate,10% cellulose, or fiber-free diets for 5 weeks. The results obtained were as follows: The chronic consumption of sodium alginate induced a significant decrease in body weight gain and feeding efficiency, but a significant increase in length and weight of small intestine. Fecal bulk and weight were higher in fiber-fed group than fiber-free group. The chronic consumption of dietary fiber induced a significant increase in fecal output, resulting in tile decrease of apparent digestibility of protein and lipid. Pancreatic protease activity was lower in fiber-fed group than fiber-free group, whereas pancreatic amylase and lipase activities were not affected. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and light microscopy(LM) studies showed small intestine microvilli with numerous ridges and convolutions and goblet cells in fiber-fed groups. As a result of this study, it is concluded that the chronic consumption of dietary fiber decreases apparent digestibility of nutrients and induces morphological and biochemical adaptation of digestive organs.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2014

Cleft lip and palate(CLP) is one of the most common craniofacial deformities that requires systemic management involving a multidisciplinary team approach. Although there has been great improvement in the field of cleft surgery, surgical approach alone cannot resolve the various problems in treating cleft lip and palate. Hence the need for presurgical treatment was appreciated and especially, the concept of presurgical nasoalveolar molding was applied to treat unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate patients. Presurgical nasoalveolar molding(PNAM) of unilateral cleft mainly aims to recover nasal symmetry while the objectives of pre-surgical nasoalveolar molding in the bilateral cleft are to elongate the columella, to erect the tip of nose, and to reposition the forward displaced premaxillary region. This report covers the case of fraternal twins diagnosed with bilateral cleft. Retraction of the premaxillary region and nasoalveolar molding were conducted for 70 days until cheiloplasty, using elastic bands and nasoalveolar molding appliances. After cheiloplasty, there had been improvements in the length of columella and the position of forward-displaced premaxilla for both patients compared to their initial states. The esthetics was also satisfactory for both the surgery and the parents. In order to maximize the efficacy of the appliance, three components should be in balance; patients' adaptation to the appliance, parents' cooperation and proper selection and careful adjustment of the appliance by the dentist.