• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2011

Water, methanol and ethanol extracts of ginseng leaves were assayed for total phenolics and flavonoids, ascorbic acid, cupric and ferrous ion chelating activities, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and ABTS radical cation decolourization (TEAC) assay for their antioxidant properties. The ethanol extract of ginseng leaves contained significantly (p<0.05) higher amounts of total phenolics and flavonoids (600.57 and 1701 mg/100 g) than methanol (374.43 and 1512.64 mg/100 g) and water extracts (248.30 and 680.05 mg/100 g). Among solvent extracts of ginseng leaves, the ethanol extract showed the most powerful antioxidant activities. However, the ferrous ion chelating activity of ginseng leaf extracts were lower than the cupric ion chelating ability. These differences in concentrations of key antioxidants among various solvent extracts seemed to be responsible for their differences in antioxidant activities. These results suggest that ethanol extract of ginseng leaves has the most effective antioxidant capacity compared to the methanol and water extracts tested in the present study. Thus, it can be applied for the effective extraction of functional material from ginseng leaves for the usage of pharmaceutical and/or food industries.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.26-28
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• 2001

The cytotoxicity of the ethanol extracts of varietal samples of mulberry leaves and branches and silkworm feces was measured using CT-26 cells originated from murine metastatic colon cancer, using dye uptake assay in order to find potential anticancer agents. Two ethanol extracts (varietal mulberry leaves and mulberry branches) were prepared from 16 varietal mulberries and used as partial extract materials for the activity assay. Among these, the ethanol extracts from Shinkwangppong leaves showed a little anticancer activity, and those from Sugaeppong, Cheongunppong and Gumsulppong branches showed some anticancer activity as well as cytotoxicity. In contrast, ethanol extracts from freeze-dried, the 3rd day of 5th instar feces showed more potent anticancer activity than that of other mulberry leaves, mulberry branches and other 5th silkworm instar larva feces on the basis of high UV absorbance at 665 nm.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.202-207
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• 2013

In this study, saponin content of extract from modified preconditioning process was investigated in Saponaria officinalis L. for cosmetic natural surfactant. Saponin content in steamed leaves from S. officinalis L. was about three times more than that in dried leaves (tea saponin and quillaja saponin). And saponin extracts from steamed leaves was excellently shown in both forming force and forming stability. In emulsion activity, saponin extracts from steamed leaves had a similar level to quillaja saponin and tea saponin. Saponin extracts from steamed leaves in S. officinalis L. showed nontoxic effect below in $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ of concentration and dose-dependent inhibition of NO production. From the experiment, the extracts of S. officinalis L. showed good cosmetic agent.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.313-321
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• 2010

본 시험은 육계에 뽕잎과 민들레 추출물을 각각 1%와 2%를 급여하여 5주간 사육한 계육의 pH, 육색, TBARS 및 VBN을 조사하였다. 실험구는 뽕잎과 민들레 추출물을 급여하지 않은 대조구, 뽕잎 추출물 1% 급여구는 T1, 뽕잎 추출물 2% 급여구는 T2, 민들레 추출물 1% 급여구는 T3 그리고 민들레 추출물 2% 급여구를 T4 등 5개 처리구로 나누어 사육한 후 도계하여 4주간 냉장 온도($4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$)에서 저장하면서 실험하였다. 계육의 pH는 저장 기간이 경과하면서 감소하였고(P<0.05), 대조구에 비해 뽕잎과 민들레 추출물 급여구에서 낮았으며, 특히 민들레 2% 급여구인 T4에서 가장 낮았다(P<0.05). 가슴살의 육색 중 $L^*$값과 $a^*$값은 저장 기간이 지남에 따라 일정한 변화가 없었고 $b^*$값은 증가하였으며, 다리살의 $L^*$값은 감소하였고, $a^*$값은 증가하였다. TBARS는 저장 기간이 지나면서 모든 처리구에서 증가하였고(P<0.05), 가슴살과 다리살에서 대조구보다 뽕잎과 민들레 추출물 급여구에서 낮았으며, 뽕잎과 민들레 추출물 급여에 의한 차이는 없었다. VBN 함량은 계육을 저장하는 동안 증가하였고, 대조구에 비해 뽕잎과 민들레 추출물 급여구에서 낮았으며(P<0.05), 뽕잎과 민들레 추출물 급여에 의한 차이는 없었다. 이상의 결과를 종합적으로 고찰해 보면 뽕잎과 민들레 추출물을 계육에 급여하면 pH, TBARS 및 VBN 함량이 낮아져 계육의 저장성 개선에 도움이 되리라 사료된다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.135-147
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• 2008

Background : Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by deficiency of insulin. It has been reported that Fructus aurantii and mulberry leaves have the effect of anti-diabetes. Methods : To investigate the improvement of mixed extracts of Fructus aurantii and mulberry leaves on lipid metabolism, we performed double-blinded, randomized and placebo-controlled multi-center clinical trial. Results : Mixed extracts of Fructus aurantii and mulberry leaves significantly reduced total cholesterol. Conclusion : These results suggest that mixed extracts of Fructus aurantii and mulberry leaves improve lipid metabolism.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2019

The antimicrobial activity of acetone, hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol extracts from leaves, stems, immature green fruits, and red fruits of tomato plants was examined against six phytopathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the acetonic extracts from these four plant parts was lower than that of the other solvents. Among the acetonic extracts, tomato leaves had a lower MIC than the other tomato parts. The acetonic extract from tomato leaves was therefore selected as a source of antimicrobial substances. The acetonic extract from tomato leaves inhibited mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Glomerella cingulata, and Rhizoctonia solani. Mycelial growth of R. solani treated with acetone extract from leaves showed more susceptibility than the other phytopathogens. Using 0.31 mg/ml of the acetonic extract from leaves, mycelial growth of R. solani on days 1, 2, and 3 decreased by 50.0, 52.1, and 64.0%, respectively, compared with acetone solvent treatment. The antimicrobial compounds effective against R. solani were identified as linolenic acid and caffeic acid by bioautography and GC-MS. These two compounds were used to treat six phytopathogens to confirm their antimicrobial activities. Linolenic acid inhibited mycelial growth of R. solani, while caffeic acid showed only slight antimicrobial activity. Results indicated that we propose extracts from tomato leaves which included antimicrobial compounds may provide a new lead in the pursuit of new biological sources of agrochemical candidates.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2008

The antioxidative activity of various enzymatic extracts from leaves of Perilla frutescens var. japonica was evaluated by measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and alkyl radical scavenging activity using an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer. For this study, the leaves were enzymatically hydrolyzed by 8 carbohydrases (Dextrozyme, AMG, Promozyme, Maltogenase, Termamyl, Viscozyme, Celluclast, and BAN) and 9 proteases [Flavourzyme, Neutrase, Protamex, Alcalase, PP-trypsin (trypsin from porcine pancreas), papain, pepsin, $\alpha$-chymotrypsin, and BP-trypsin (trypsin from bovine pancreas)]. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of Promozyme and Alcalase extracts were the highest, and the $IC_{50}$ values were 77.25 and $109.66\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. All enzymatic extracts of the leaves scavenged hydroxyl radical, and the $IC_{50}$ values of Celluclast and pepsin extracts which were the highest activity were 243.34 and $241.86\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The BAN and $\alpha$-chymotrypsin extracts showed the highest scavenging activities, and the $IC_{50}$ values were 21.13 and $33.23\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The pepsin extracts from the leaves showed protective effect on $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage. In addition, the pepsin extracts decreased cell death in PC-12 cells against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative damage. The findings of the present study suggest that enzymatic extracts of the leaves possess antioxidative activity.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.363-371
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 딱총나무의 항산화 활성을 조사해 보았다. 딱총나무 잎과 줄기의 물추출물에는 6.6 mg/g과 2.0 mg/g의 phenolic compound가 함유되어 있었다. 추출물의 항산화 활성 실험에서 전자공여능은 딱총나무 잎의 물과 에탄올 추출물 phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$의 함량에서는 99.5%, 89.7%, 줄기의 물과 에탄올 추출물 phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$의 함량에서는 92.2%, 94.3%의 높은 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 또한 ABTS radical cation decolorization 측정에서도 딱총나무 잎의 물과 에탄올 추출물 phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$의 함량에서는 79.8%, 99.1%, 줄기의 물과 에탄올 추출물 phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$의 함량에서 90.8%, 97.2%의 매우 높은 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. Antioxidant protection factor에서는 딱총나무 잎의 물과 에탄올 추출물 phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$의 함량에서는 1.1과 1.1 PF, 줄기의 물과 에탄올 추출물 phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$의 함량에서는 1.4와 1.0 PF의 항산화효과를 나타내었다. Thiobarbituric acid reaction substance 측정에서도 딱총나무 잎의 물과 에탄올 추출물 phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$의 함량에서는 88.7%, 98.1%, 줄기의 물과 에탄올 추출물 phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$의 함량에서는 93.6%, 90.6%로 positive control인 BHT 및 vitamin C보다 우수한 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 본 연구의 결과로 딱총나무의 항산화 활성을 이용한 천연 기능성 식품소재로서의 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 포도잎을 기능성식품 소재로 활용하고자 캠벨얼리와 MBA 포도잎 추출물의 생리활성 성분을 분석하였다. 또한 추출 시간에 따른 생리활성의 변화를 확인하여 포도잎의 최적 추출조건을 확인하고자 하였다. 총 페놀 함량 및 플라보노이드 함량은 MBA 포도잎이 캠벨얼리 포도잎에 비해 높은 함량을 보였으며 에탄올 추출물에서 열수 추출물에 비해 높게 나타났다. 캠벨얼리 열수 추출물을 제외하고는 모든 추출물에서 2시간 이상 추출 시 이전 추출에 비해 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량이 높게 나타났다. 폴리페놀 5종(gallic acid, epicatechin, caffeic acid, naringin, resveratrol)을 분석한 결과, MBA 포도잎 에탄올 추출물이 가장 높게 나타났다. Resveratrol 함량은 MBA의 경우 에탄올과 열수 추출물 모두 2시간 이상 추출 시 이전 추출에 비해 높은 함량을 보였다. Hydroxyl radical 소거능은 열수 추출물에 비해 에탄올 추출물이 높은 소거능을 보였으며, 전자공여능은 MBA 에탄올 추출물이 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 총 항산화능도 MBA 에탄올 추출물에서 높은 활성을 보였다. 본 연구 결과 MBA 포도잎 추출물이 캠벨얼리 포도잎 추출물에 비해 높은 항산화 활성을 보였으며, 열수 추출물에 비해 에탄올 추출물이 높은 항산화능을 나타내었다. 또한 추출시간을 2시간 이상으로 하였을 때 생리활성 성분의 함량이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 포도잎의 생리활성 연구에서 캠벨얼리보다는 MBA 품종의 생리활성이 대체로 우수하였고 열수 추출물에 비해 에탄올 추출물을 이용할 경우 생리활성 성분을 높이는데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 실제로 포도잎 가공품 개발 시에는 관능 특성 등 다양한 가공 조건에 대한 추후 연구가 필요할 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.821-828
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• 2012

In an attempt to identify the neuroprotective effect of Cudrania tricuspidata (CT) leaves against ROS (reactive oxygen species)-induced oxidative stress in neuronal cells, the extracts from CT leaves were investigated using PC12 cells and N18-RE-105 cells. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts from CT were denoted as CTM (Cudrania tricuspidata Leaves methanolic extracts) and CTE (Cudrania tricuspidata Leaves ethanolic extracts), respectively. The neuroprotective effects of the extracts were measured by DCF-DA assay, MTT reduction assay, and LDH release assay. The PC12 cells exposed to $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress and the N18-RE-105 cells exposed to glutamate-induced oxidative stress were treated with various concentrations of CTM and CTE. The results, CTM treatments resulted in the induction of a dose-dependent protective effect in PC12 cells and N18-RE-105 cells. Interestingly, CTE also showed neuroprotective effect in PC12 cells and N18-RE-105 cells. Therefore, these results suggest that CTM and CTE could be a new potential candidate as neuroprotective agents against ROS-induced oxidative stress in neuronal cells.