• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.262-264
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• 2014

Pristine ZnO, 3 wt.% Ga-doped (3GZO) and 3 wt.% Ag-doped (3SZO) ZnO nanowires (NWs) were grown using the hot-walled pulse laser deposition (HW-PLD) technique. The doping of Ga and Ag in ZnO NWs was observed by analyzing the optical and chemical properties. We optimized the synthesis conditions, including processing temperature, time, gas flow, and distance between target and substrate for the growth of pristine and doped ZnO NWs. The diameter and length of pristine and doped ZnO NWs were controlled under 200 nm and several ${\mu}m$, respectively. Low temperature photoluminescence (PL) was performed to observe the optical property of doped NWs. We clearly observed the shift of the near band edge (NBE) emission by using low temperature PL. In the case of 3GZO and 3SZO NWs, the center photon energy of the NBE emissions shifted to low energy direction using the Burstein Moss effect. A strong donor-bound exciton peak was found in 3 GZO NWs, while an acceptor-bound exciton peak was found in 3SZO NWs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) also indicated that the shift of binding energy was mainly attributed to the interaction between the metal ion and ZnO NWs.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2001

Forming more than two parts of sheet metal in a single stamping operation lowers production costs, reduces weight, and heightens dimensional accuracy. The tailored blank (TB) is a laser-welded or mash-seam-welded sheet metal with different thicknesses, different strengths, or different coatings. Recently, automotive manufacturers have been interested in tailored blanks because of their desire to improve the rigidity, weight reduction, crash durability, and cost savings. Therefore the application to auto-bodies has increased. However, as tailored blanks do not behave like un-welded blanks in press forming operations, stamping engineers no longer rely on conventional forming techniques. Field try-outs are very important manufacturing processes for an economic die-making. In the field try-outs, the rounded geometries of tool and the drawbead shape and size in die face are generally modified when the forming defects can not be removed by the adjustment of forming process parameters. In this study, the field try-outs of tailored door inner panel are introduced and evaluated. The behaviours of laser tailored blank associated with different thickness combinations in the forming process of door inner panel are described focusing on terms of experimental investigations on the formability.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2009

The wall thinning defect of nuclear power pipe is mainly occurred by the affect of the flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) of fluid. This type of defect becomes the cause of damage or destruction of in carbon steel pipes. Therefore, it is very important to measure defect which is existed not only on the welding part but also on the whole field of pipe. This study use dual-beam Shearography, which can measure the out-of-plane deformation and the in-plane deformation by using another illuminated laser beam and simple image processing technique. And this study proposes Infrared thermography, which is a two-dimensional non-contact nondestructive evaluation that can detect internal defects from the thermal distribution by the inspection of infrared light radiated from the object surface. In this paper, defect of nuclear power pipe were, measured using dual-beam shearography and infrared thermography, quantitatively evaluated by the analysis of phase map and thermal image pattern.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2016

In this study, we compared the physical and chemical properties evaluation for each size in the SUS316L metal powder produced by water atomization and gas atomization. and we analyzed the experimental data in order to find the basis of a suitable metal powder (SUS316L) for DED (Direct Energy Deposition) processing. Also it evaluated the properties of each layered surface and cross section according to the number of deposition and deposition speed. In the result of optical microscopy measurements, the metal powder by water atomization was the crack generated between the deposition layer, the deposition layer was poor quality. However, metal powder by gas atomization was obtained a relatively good deposition results than metal powder by water atomization.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2021

Lithium ion batteries are generally manufactured by laser and etching using aluminum thin sheet. These processes are relatively expensive and have low productivity. In this study, blanking process of aluminum thin sheet for lithium ion battery was employed to replace laser cutting and etching process, all to reduce the production cost and improve productivity. Mechanical properties for aluminum and coating were determined by experimental results and rule of mixture for FE analysis of blanking process. Normalized Cockcroft-Latham criteria was also applied to describe shear behavior and critical damage values were determined by comparison of analytical and experimental result. We performed FE analysis to investigate the effects of clearance and punch-die radius on sheared surface of aluminum thin sheet and to determine optimal process condition. We manufactured the die set using the determined optimal process and conducted an experiment to confirm the feasibility of blanking process. The sheared surface of manufactured product was observed by optical microscope. As a results, the proposed process conditions successfully achieved the dimensional requirement in production of lithium ion battery parts.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sample thickness and support structure on the residual stress of Hastelloy X superalloy samples fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), which is an additive manufacturing process. The residual stresses of LPBF samples with different thicknesses and support structures were measured using X-ray diffraction. The results revealed that as the thickness of sample increased from 2.5 mm to 20 mm, its tensile residual stress gradually decreased from 443.5 MPa to 182.2 MPa. Additionally, the residual stress in the bottom region of sample was higher than that in the top region, and the residual stress difference in the bottom and top regions became more pronounced as the sample thickness decreased. The residual stress of LPBF sample also varied depending on the structure of support. The residual stress of sample decreased with increasing contract area between the sample and the support, because the larger contract area led to smaller temperature gradient throughout the sample.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 355 nm 파장의 나노초 레이저를 비정질 실리콘 박막에 조사하여 형성된 주기적 laser-induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) 구조의 분광학적 특성을 연구하였다. 지름 196 ㎛의 가우시안 빔을 단위면적당 레이저 펄스 190-280회, 레이저 빔의 세기는 100-130 mJ/cm² 범위에서 'ㄹ' 자 형태로 2차원 스캔하였다. 그 결과 Si 박막 표면에 ~300 nm 주기의 LIPSS 구조가 레이저 편광에 수직 방향으로 정렬되었다. 시료의 투과율 스펙트럼을 측정하여 transverse-electric 편광과 transverse-magnetic 편광에 대해서 각각 700 nm, 500 nm 근방에서 dip이 관측되었다. 이 현상을 설명하기 위해 1차원 격자구조 모델을 이용하여 rigorous coupled-wave analysis를 이용한 시뮬레이션을 하여 편광에 따른 도파모드 공진에 의한 특성임을 규명하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.397-404
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• 1995

반도체 세정공정에서 염기성 세정액(SCI, Standard cleaning 1, $NH_{4}$OH + $H_{2}$O_{2}$ + $H_{2}$O)은 공정상 발생되는 여러 오염물 중 파티클의 제거를 위해 널리 사용되고 있는데, SCI 조성중 $NH_{4}$OH양에 따라 세정 중 실리콘의 식각속도를 증가시킨다. 이 연구에서는 SCI 세정이 CZ(Czochralski)와 에피 실리콘 기판 표면에 미치는 영향을 단순세정과 연속적인 산화-HF 식각-SCI 세정공정을 통해 관찰되었다. CZ와 에피 기판을 8$0^{\circ}C$의 1 : 2 : 10과 1 : 1 : 5 SCI 용액에서 60분까지 단순 세정을 했을 때 laser particle scanner와 KLA사의 웨이퍼 검색장치로 측정된 결함의 수는 세정시간에 따라 변화를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 CZ와 에피 기판을 10분간 SCI 세정후 90$0^{\circ}C$에서 산화 HF식각공정을 4번까지 반복하였을 때 에피 기판 표면의 결함수는 감소하는 반면에 CZ기판에서는 직선적으로 증가하였다. 반복적인 산화-HF 식각-XCI 세정공정을 통해 생성된 CZ기판 표면의 결함은 크기가 0.7$\mu$m 이하의 pit과 같은 형상을 보여주었다. 이들 결함은 열처리 중 CZ 기판내와 표면에 산화 석출물들이 형성, 반복적인 HF 식각-SCI 세정공정을 통해 다른 부위에 비해 식각이 빨리 일어나 표면에 생성되는 것으로 여기어 진다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2004

The machining technology for the brittle materials such as ceramics are applied to the fields of MEMS(micro electromechanical system) by the progress of new machining technologies such as Etching, Diamond machining, Micro drilling, EDM(Electro discharge machining), ECDM(Electro discharge machining), USM(Ultrasonic machining), LBM(Laser beam machining), EBM(Electron beam machining). Especially, the USM technology can be applied to the dieletric brittle materials such as silicon, borosilicate glass, silicon nitride, quartz and ceramics with high aspect ratio. The micro machining system with machining force controlled position servo is developed in this paper and the optimized ultrasonic machining algorithm is constructed by the force controlled position servo control. The load cell is adapted in the force measuring and the servo control algorithm, suit for the ultrasonic machining characteristics, is estabilished with using the PID auto-tunning functions at the PMAC system which is generally adapted in the field of robot industries. The precision force signal amplifier is constructed with high precision operational amplifier AD524. The vacuum adsorption chuck which is made of titanum and internal flow line is engraved, is used in the workpiece fixing. The mahining results by USM shows that there are some deviation between the force command and the actual machining force that the servo control algorithm should be applied in the machining procedures. Therefore, the constant force controlled position servo system is developed for the micro USM system and by the examination machining process in USM, the stable USM system is realized by tracking the average value of machining force.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제48권9호
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• pp.856-860
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• 2010

Silver nanoparticles were formed on silica substrates through thin film dewetting at high temperature. The microstructural and morphological evolution of the particles were characterized as a function of processing variables such as initial film thickness, annealing time, and temperature. Silver thin films were deposited onto the silica using a pulsed laser deposition system and annealed in reducing atmosphere to induce agglomeration of the films. The film thicknesses before dewetting were in the range of 5 to 25 nm. A noticeable agglomeration occurs with annealing at temperatures higher than $300^{\circ}C$, and higher annealing temperature increases particle size uniformity for the same film thickness sample. Average particle size linearly correlates to the film thickness, but it does not strongly depend on annealing temperature and time, although threshold temperature for complete dewetting increases with an increase of film thickness. Lower annealing temperature develops faceted surface morphology of the silver particles by enhancing the growth of the low index crystal plane of the particles.