• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1060-1068
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• 2007

Perchlorate contamination in aquatic system is a growing concern due to the human health and ecological risks associated with perchlorate exposure. In spite of potential risks associated with perchlorate, drinking water standard has not been established worldwide. Recently, US EPA has issued new protective guidance for cleaning up perchlorate contamination with a preliminary clean-up goal of 24.5 ppb. In Korea, the drinking water standard and discharge standard for perchlorate has not been established yet and little information is available to address perchlorate problems. Perchlorate treatment technologies include ion exchange, microbial reactor, carbon adsorption, composting, in situ bioremediation, permeable reactive barrier, phytoremediation, and membrane technology. The process description, capability, and advantage/disadvantages of each technology were described in detail in this review. One of recent trends in perchlorate treatment is the combination of available treatment options such as combined microbial reduction and permeable reactive burier. In this review, we provided a brief perspective on perchlorate treatment technology and to identify an efficient and cost-effective approach to manage perchlorate problem.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.45-55
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• 2018

PURPOSES : This study aims to survey and analyze the status of the design and completion documents output delivery system in public construction projects in order to assess the problems of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT)'s electronic delivery system, with a focus on roads and rivers, and to offer improvement measures. METHODS : This study first surveys and analyzes laws and existing study trends with regard to the design and completion documents output delivery system in public construction projects. It further analyzes the status of the output delivery system in public construction projects, including roads, rivers, expressways, water resources, and railroads. In addition, a comparative analysis of the current electronic delivery system of MOLIT and Korea Expressway Corporation in the road field is conducted, and the problems and improvement measures for MOLIT's electronic output delivery system are presented. This study seeks to analyze problems and prepare improvement measures with regard to road and river public construction projects, as ordered by MOLIT's five regional offices. RESULTS : This study sought to prepare the electronic output delivery system with regard to public construction projects and present the analysis of its major problems and improvement measures in four categories: "the preparation of electronic design documents output delivery system improvement measures including inspection and delivery," "preparation of guidelines, systems, etc., concerning electronic design documents," "preparation of improvement measures for the construction project management system and electronic design document support tools", and "linking of MOLIT's electronic output delivery system with relevant agencies and the expansion thereof to local governments." CONCLUSIONS : This study analyzed the current status and problems of the MOLIT's electronic output delivery system in the field of road and river construction projects, and presented corresponding improvement measures. This study is expected to address the problems of the MOLIT's electronic output delivery system, and to provide the foundation for the preparation of an efficient electronic output delivery system for design and completion documents. In addition, this study is expected to boost the quality and utilization of the electronic design documents output, and to exchange, share, and link construction information among relevant agencies so as to prepare the foundation for sharing construction information.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.10-27
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• 2014

HAZUS-MH is a GIS-based computer program that estimates potential losses from multi-hazard phenomena: earthquakes, floods and hurricanes. With respect to seismic disaster, characteristics of a hypothetical or actual earthquake are entered into HAZUS. Then HAZUS estimates the intensity of ground shaking and calculates the correspondent losses. In this study, HAZUS was used as a part of the preparations of the future seismic events at a coastal plant facility area. To reliably characterize the target facility area, many geotechnical characteristics data were synthesized from the existing site investigation reports. And the buildings and facilities were sorted by analyzing their material and structural characteristics. In particular, the study area was divided into 17 blocks taking into account the situation of both land development and facility distribution. The ground conditions of blocks were categorized according to the site classification scheme for earthquake-resistant design. Moreover, seismic fragility curves of a main facilities were derived based on the numerical modeling and were incorporated into the database in HAZUS. The results estimated in the study area using HAZUS showed various seismic damage and loss potentials depending on site conditions and structural categories. This case study verified the usefulness of the HAZUS for estimating earthquake losses in coastal facility areas.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.58-69
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• 2007

The vegetation area that occupies 76% in land surface of the earth can give a considerable impact on water resources, environment and ecological system by future climate change. The purpose of this study is to predict future vegetation cover information from NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) extracted from satellite images. Current vegetation information was prepared from monthly NDVI (March to November) extracted from NOAA AVHRR (1994 - 2004) and Terra MODIS (2000 - 2004) satellite images. The NDVI values of MODIS for 5 years were 20% higher than those of NOAA. The interrelation between NDVIs and monthly averaged climate factors (daily mean, maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall, sunshine hour, wind velocity, and relative humidity) for 5 river basins of South Korea showed that the monthly NDVIs had high relationship with monthly averaged temperature. By linear regression, the future NDVIs were estimated using the future mean temperature of CCCma CGCM2 A2 and B2 climate change scenario. The future vegetation information by NOAA NDVI showed little difference in peak value of NDVI, but the peak time was shifted from July to August and maintained high NDVIs to October while the present NDVI decrease from September. The future MODIS NDVIs showed about 5% increase comparing with the present NDVIs from July to August.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.48-62
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• 2018

In this study, landslide of debris flow occurred at 51 sites around Daeryounsan located in between Chuncheon-si and Hongcheon-gun during July in 2013 were investigated in field and behavior characteristics of debris flow were analyzed on the basis of records of rainfall and site investigation. According to debris flow types of channelized and hill slope, location and slope angle of initiation and deposit zone, and width and depth of erosion were investigated along entire runout of debris flow. DEM(Digital Elevation Model) of Daeryounsan was constructed with digital map of 1:5,000 scale. Land slide hazard was estimated using SINMAP(Stability INdex MAPping) and the predicted results were compared with field sites where debris flow occurred. As analyzed results, for hill slope type of debris flow, predicted sites were quite comparable to actual sites. On the other hand, for channelized type of debris flow, debris flow occurrence sites were predicted by using stability index associated with topographic wetness index. As analyzed results of 4 different conditions with the parameter T/R, Hydraulic transmissivity/Effective recharge rate, proposed by NRCS (Natual Resources Conservation Service), predicted results showed more or less different actual sites and the degree of hazard tended to increase with decrease of T/R value.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.301-308
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• 2008

We conducted the survey about the avian fauna, population, community and correlation between avian population and densities of the fallen rice grain in Cheonsu reclaimed area(Ganwol and Bunam Lake and reclaimed land) from Oct. 2006 to Mar. 2007. Total surveyed species number was 142 species, sum of maximum count of each species was 362,797 individuals, sum of average count of each species was 84,818 individuals. Comparing with early and late wintering season, number of species was stable in each survey time, but total population was decreased as the season progressed. Dominant species were Bean Geese Anser fabalis, Baikal Teals Anas formosa, White-fronted Geese Anser albifrons, Mallards Anas platyrhynchos and Pintails Anas acuta. Population fluctuation of the Bean Geese Anser fabalis, Baikal Teals Anas formosa, Mallards Anas platyrhynchos, PintailsAnas acuta was decreasing, but population of the White-fronted Geese Anser albifrons was stable. Number of species, total population were not significantly different among Ganwol, Bunam and Cheonsu Bay. Survey period was significantly correlated with species diversity and population in each area, and most community indices of each area were shown significant correlation. The density of the fallen rice grain was significantly different between the harvested rice paddy by big harvesting machine and small harvesting machine. Density of the fallen rice grain in stubble collected area was significantly different with area of stubble not collected. Density of the fallen rice grain was drastically decreased in the middle of wintering season, but not significantly different between Dec. 2006 and Feb. 2007. Avian population was strongly correlated with number of fallen rice grain in the same period.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.10-19
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the avifauna of Gap stream in Daejeon metropolitan city from September in 2001 to August in 2002. For the monthly change of bird community, survey was carried at study area per each month, the obtained results could be summarized as follows. 1. The observed birds were 12 orders 31 families 83 species and 15900 individuals, 38 species are water bird as Herons, Dabbling ducks, Diving ducks, Rails, Sandpipers & Plovers and 45 species are land bird as Raptors, Woodpeckers, Wagtails, Thrushes, Warblers, Tits, Buntings, Crows. 2. These birds could be divided 29 residents, 29 summer visitors, 18 winter visitors, 7 passage migrants. 3. Among the birds, Chinese Sparrowhawk Accipiter soloensis, Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus, Kestrel Falco tinnunculus are legally protected species as natural monuments in Korea. 4. The major dominant species were Common Teal Anas crecca, Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha, Mallard Anas platyrhynchos, Grey Heron Ardea cinerea, Magpie Pica pica, Little Egret Egretta garzetta in order, Gap stream should be appropriate habitats for dabbling ducks and herons. 5. Among the total number of 83 species, the highest number of species was 37 species in February and the lowest number of species was 27 species in June. 6. Among the total number of 15900 individuals, the highest number of individuals was 2899 individuals in December and the lowest number of individuals was 385 individuals in May. 7. Among the monthly species diversity index, the highest number of species diversity index was 2.6207 in September and the lowest number of species diversity index was 2.0716 in January.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.119-138
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• 2018

The Hmong people are one of the largest ethnic groups in Vietnam. They traditionally practice shifting cultivation for their daily subsistence. This group has a traditional governance system as well as strong clan and kinship relationships that occupy an important role in maintaining Hmong culture and livelihoods. The state's approval of the legitimate and statutory law for the Nature Reserve largely excluded local rights of access to and the use of natural resources. This study focusses on Hmong responses to the state interventions of the establishment of the Nature Reserve as well as forest land allocation. Based on Scott's contribution of Moral Economy (1976), the authors argue that local responses function as a 'risk-averter' against state intervention. Meanwhile, the intra and inter-ethnic relationships based on the 'subsistence ethic' help locals successfully mitigate state intervention. These findings help the state rethink their interventions, which have been constructed with very little respect for local differences or the desires of ethnic peoples. Furthermore, the main findings, which reveal that not only the intra-ethnic relationship but also the inter-ethnic relationship among ethnic minorities can play an important role in maintaining the Moral Economy, are expected to deepen the previous understanding on the Moral Economy, which has previously constrained its scope to the intra-ethnic relationship.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.3
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• pp.316-323
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• 2018

This study was conducted with the intention of providing basic data that are essential for establishing compensation standards for forest products and diagnosing forestry management in the future by investigating the cultivation process of major wild edible greens such as Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, Ligularia fischeri, and Allium victorialis and analyzing related incomes. According to the result, the cultivation was generally divided into the open filed cultivation and mountain cultivation by the cultivated item. The annual average income by unit area ($3.3m^2$) for each item was 6,500 won for Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum cultivated open filed, 3,200 won for Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum cultivated in the mountain, 20,400 won for Ligularia fischeri cultivated open filed, 20,900 won for Allium victorialis cultivated open filed, and 7,300 won for Allium victorialis cultivated in the mountain. Particularly, while consumer demand for Allium victorialis and Ligularia fischeri are increasing phenomenally recently, the annual average income per unit area ($3.3m^2$) for these wild edible greens grown open filed was distinctively higher than that for Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum. This can be explained by very high working expenses (land rent and labor cost) required for the cultivation of Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum compared with other items. As for Ligularia fischeri and Allium victorialis yielding high annual average income, the initial investment costs including the cost of purchasing seeds and seed stocks account for 40% of the working expenses or over and thereby requiring proper support from the government for solidifying the income source and promoting cultivation in the agricultural and mountain regions in the future.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2002

Due to the rapid development in information technology, countries of advanced information technology and multi-national information communication industries have expanding their invesment in constructing a cyber territory or a cyber city, and even a cyber globe that combines the real world with the cyber world. As such, in order to keep up with the competition with other countries to secure the Invisible Continent, Korea cannot afford to fall behind in the preparation and efforts to construct a cyber territory. Therefore in preparation for the inevitable establishment of a cyber territory, this study defined the concept of a cyber territory clearly and proposed a promotional strategy needed by the government for the establishment of a cyber territory. A cyber territory is 'the dynamic second territory that realizes various values in various aspects through organically combining innumerable active bodies in a surreal space and that are created by systematically and optimally connecting the physical topographical space and activity of the first nation to the cyberspace'. To explain further, a cyber territory is defined as another simulated space not only to manage the land systematically and deal with administrative services far the greater population, but also to contain economic activities of corporations and the citizens' everyday lives in a virtual reality by digitizing the entire territory including even the sea. In order to establish such cyber territory, it is necessary to revise related laws and policies, to foster related technology and industry as a main engine for national development, to promote public awareness, and to train related human resources.