• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.423-431
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of burn out, emotional labor and self-efficacy in nurses, and to identify predictors of burnout. Method: The participants were 268 nurses working in C university hospital in G city. Data were collected from May 1 to May 31, 2010, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 12.0. Results: The mean score per item for burnout was 3.13, the mean emotional labor score was 3.15, and the mean of self-efficacy score was 3.42. Burnout showed negative correlation with self-efficacy (r=-.339, p=.000), and showed positive correlation with emotional labor (r=.511, p=.000). Variables that predicted burnout were emotional labor, self-efficacy, gender, number of assigned patient per duty (37.8%). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate a need to develop programs for nurses to increase self-efficacy and to control the emotion, and the need for further studies to examine causal relationship among burn out, emotional labor and self-efficacy.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.37-53
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to find out efficient control plan for productivity increase. To analyze the data, the measure of question a paper was used to 5 a point measure, statistics disposition was used to SPSS, the analyze method was used to frequency analyze, trust degree analyze, difference analyze useful average value, person's correlation analyze, revolution analyze. The results of this study could be explained as follow: First, find out high change separation propensity. Secondly, was subjected important for atmosphere composition and was required strategy consideration for stable job recognition. Third, was operated affirmative to recognition about separation and was increased to job satisfaction according as a colleague relation and team work. Fourth, was increased to comparative separation propensity in case that high job satisfaction. Therefore it is required interesting labor item and treatment development about personal evaluation.

• IE interfaces
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.191-197
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• 1998

Having a reliable standard time data is very important for productivity improvement of any manufacturing company. In this study we present an estimation procedure of standard time data for companies having multi-item extremely small quantity production type and discuss a case study. Included in the discussion are the importance of setup time reduction and the roles of management supervisors, and labor.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.142-152
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• 2013

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between maternal fetal attachment and state anxiety for pregnant women in preterm labor. Methods: The subjects consisted of 56 pregnant women in preterm labor on C hospital. The data were analyzed using SPSS computer program that includes descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe? test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Age distribution was 30~39 years of age. Mean score of maternal fetal attachment was 91.50. The group whose planned pregnancy was highest showed higher maternal fetal attachment. The primigravida group showed high maternal fetal attachment. Most frequently practiced attachment item was: "I'm really looking forward to seeing what the baby looks like". The next was was: "I enjoy watching my tummy jiggle as the baby kicks inside". There was no difference in degree of anxiety by general and obstetrical characteristics. There was statistically significant of negative correlation between maternal fetal attachment and state anxiety for pregnant women with preterm labor. Conclusion: Findings provide useful information for further studies in reducing anxiety and intervention programs relating to pregnancy and preterm labor. To increase maternal fetal attachment of pregnant women with preterm labor, it is necessary to standardize prenatal education program.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.322-331
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing job satisfaction in hospice nurses. The focus was on emotional labor and burnout. Methods: Between September 30 and October 18, 2013, hospice nurses (n=63) in 5 hospitals in 4 cities completed measures of emotional labor, burnout, and job satisfaction. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with the SPSS/Win 21.0 program. Results: The mean score per item for emotional labor was 3.0, the mean of burnout score was 2.7, and the mean job satisfaction score was 3.4. Emotional labor showed a positive correlation with burnout (r=.61), and a negative correlation with job satisfaction (r=-.52). Burnout showed a negative correlation with job satisfaction (r=-.64). The factors influencing job satisfaction were burnout (${\beta}$=-.65, p<.001) and clinical experience (${\beta}$=.25, p=.007). Burnout and clinical experience explained 57.0% of the variance in hospice nurses' job satisfaction. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate a need to develop strategies to prevent burnout and control emotional labor in order to increase job satisfaction for hospice nurses.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.158-167
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship of occupational stress, emotional labor, and general characteristics to somatization, and to identify factors affecting somatization in nurses. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive research design was used to study 227 nurses. Nurses completed a 52-item self-questionnaire that included 3 concepts assessing somatization, occupational stress, emotional labor. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression. Results: Mean scales for somatization, occupational stress, and emotional labor were $22.96{\pm}7.87$, $78.73{\pm}12.29$, $29.63{\pm}3.97$ respectively. The explained variance for somatization was 35.5%. Among the variables, frequency of emotional display (${\beta}$=.136, p=.042), one of the sub-domains of emotional labor, and role overload (${\beta}$=.178, p=.023), one of the sub-domains of occupational stress and working in the ICU, OR, or ER (${\beta}$=.296, p<.001) and education level of diploma graduation (${\beta}$=.143, p=.028) significantly predicted degree of somatization. Conclusion: Findings of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of somatization and related factors for nurses in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.439-450
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was to develop the Preventive Self-Management Knowledge related to Premature Labor (PSMK-PL) scale for women of childbearing age. Methods: Preliminary items were developed based on the literature and interview results of those who experienced premature labor. The online survey was conducted and the data of 250 women were analyzed using the DIMTEST and DETECT programs by applying the item response theory. Internal consistency reliability was analyzed with Cronbach's alpha (95% CI). Results: Among the 30 preliminary items, six items were deleted. The difficulty and discrimination of the 24 final three-dimensional scales were all acceptable, respectively. Cronbach's alpha (95% CI) was .89 (.87~.91). Conclusion: The PSMK-PL scale generally consisted of items with validity, and the reliability was acceptable.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.327-332
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• 2010

In this paper we presents an approach to assessing the efficiency of freight railroad stations reflecting freight item importance weights with multiple performance indicators and multiple operational condition indicators. We evaluate 187 freight railroad stations using data envelopment analysis with assurance region. Each freight item's loading/unloading volume is used as a performance indicator. Freight labor and yard capacity are used as operational condition indicators. Freight item importance weights are reflected to the data envelopment analysis as assurance region. The evaluation results facilitates the organization's decision making by providing valuable information.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.84-101
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• 1993

The current method of rate adjustment is based on the evaluation of the financial performance of hospitals. The method has the disadvantages such as too complicated, expensive process as well as low reliability due to small sample size. This study, therefore, develops a new model for the rate adjustment with the use of the composite index. In addition to that, it examines the validity of the model by comparing the result of the new method with that of the conventional method. The idea of the new model comes from the Medicare Economic Index(MEI) on which physician fees for the Medicare patients are adjusted periodically in the United States. Medical costs are classified into three groups : labor costs, materials and other expenses. Labor costs are subdivided into physicians and other personnels. Materials are subdivided into drugs and others. Other expenses are subdivided into 5 items. Macro economic indices are selected for each cost item in order to reflect the cost inflation during the specific period. Then the composite index which integrate all items according to the ration of each item in the total costs is calculated. The result from the application of empirical data to the new model is very similar to that of the current method. Furthermore, this method is very simple and also to easy to get social concensus. This model can be replaced the current method based on the analysis of the financial performance for the adjustment of medical fees.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.218-229
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and examine the validity and reliability of a self-efficacy scale for preventive health management related to premature labor (PHMSE-PL) for women of childbearing age. Methods: Instrument development and validation were undertaken in three steps: conceptualization through a literature review and in-depth interviews, item generation and evaluation of content validity, and evaluation of construct validity and reliability. The content validity, factorial structure validity, and internal consistency reliability of the PHMSE-PL were evaluated, and cognitive interviewing was undertaken. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach's α, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The content validity was assessed by experts and was strengthened through cognitive interviews with women of childbearing age. The PHMSE-PL comprised 34 items across five factors. The construct validity of the PHMSE-PL was supported. Cronbach's α for the total scale was .97 (95% CI=.96-.97). Conclusion: An evaluation of the psychometric properties of the PHMSE-PL scale found it to be a valid and reliable tool for women of childbearing age. The scale appears to be useful for women of childbearing age to self-assess their preventive health management self-efficacy related to premature labor and for health professionals to evaluate and promote women's preventive health management.