• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.187-210
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• 2005

The acculturation of ethnic minorities is an increasingly important issue. This paper explores the role of two factors which may be related to Asian Americans' development of preferences for ethnic or non-ethnic shopping: level of acculturation and susceptibility to interpersonal influence. Several prior studies have found that strength of ethnic identification (a measure of level of acculturation) accounts for differences in consumption patterns among immigrant groups. The results of this study suggest that ethnic identification is not a unidimensional construct. Instead, two construct, ethnic identification and consumer socialization are found to be relatedto the level of influence exerted by culturally consistent in-group than "American." A strong positive relationship is found between ethnic identifi.cation and ethnocentric purchasing preferences. In contrast, no significant direct relationship between level of.consumer socialization and ethnocentric preferences is found. Implications for marketers are discussed.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.301-308
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• 2013

This study investigated the recognition and preference of foreign students to Tangpyeongchae, in order to suggest strategy for developing Tangpyeongchae acceptable for them. Questionnaires translating in Chinese and English were given to 75 Chinese and American university students in Chungnam province. A total of 70 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software(version 12.0). The students were asked about impression, recognition, preference and factors for improving acceptability of Tangpyeongchae. The respondents consisted 51(72.9%) Chinese and 19(27.1%) Americans. This research was conducted from May 11 to May 18, 2012. The results of this study were as follows : Impression after eating Tangpyeongchae got better scores than first impression by Chinese students, whereas there were no significant differences in Americans' impression. The main reason for good impression after eating it was 'good taste'. The Chinese and Americans' mean overall acceptance scores of Tangpyeongchae were 4.06 and 3.86 on 5-point scale, respectively, showing that they had high acceptance for Tangpyeongchae. Most of the Chinese students chose 'taste' as the most important factor for enhancing the popularity for Tangpyeongchae. It proposed that the control of taste may be a main factor, and then need to develop the sauce and seasonings which is suitable for Chinese taste for developing Chinese favorite Tangpyeongchae. Most of American students answered the texture should be improved for Americans' preference.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.119-150
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• 1999

In spite of recent remarkable recent development in both western and oriental medical sciences, there is still only a shallow understanding of individual differences for various prognoses of incurable diseases and immunopathy diseases. Nevertheless, the care, cure and prevention methods of Sasang Constitutional Medicine are broadly used as an effective treatment of incurable diseases like immunopathy diseases and stress-related diseases and diseases due to aging. In this sense, the establishment of classification norms is urgent and essential for the worldwide application of Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM). This study began with the confirmation process of whether Sasang Constitutional types exist in Americans. To accomodate for cultural differences, the distinguishing tool was readjusted so that Sasang Constitutional Types in Americans could be determined. Hence, the selected tool is the new QSCCII+, which is a newly revised English version of the QSCCII. QSCCII was made and standardized by Dept. of SCM in Kyung Hee Medical Center and Dr. Kim7). The evaluation methods of the old version were improved in the new QSCCII+ through necessary statistical manipulation. The original QSCCII was officially authorized by the Korean Society of Sasang Constitutional Medicine as the only computerized version of Sasang diagnostics. This study is the first attempt to design a new diagnostic tool for the classification of Sasang Constitutional types in North Americans with the revision of QSCCII. The subjects of this study were selected from the cooperative people among the students and staffs of the University of Bridgeport and the patients who visited the Clinic in the Health Science Center. This study takes for about 1 year from 1998. 8 to 1999. 8 The conclusions of the study can be summarized as follows: 1. Sasang constitutional types also exist in Americans. It can also naturally be inferred that Sasang Constitutional types exist in all human beings, for there are many different human races in America. 2. There are more So-Yang In's than any other types in American white people. This result confirms the hypothesis that there also exist Sasang Constitutional types in westerners. 3. The result of repetitive tests suggests that the new QSCCII+ is an effective diagnostic tool for westerners when we consider the constant diagnostic results of the QSCCII+. 4. Sasang Constitutional types exit in the sample group regardless of racial difference. 5. The question items that were not often checked by Americans need to be modified into more understandable expressions. 6. The standardization of diagnosis for Americans should be established by use of the QSCCII+ 7. It can be guessed that there are many Tae-yang In's among the 71 persons who could not be clearly classified by the QSCCII+. Due to the scarcity of Tae-yang-In in general, it is important to improve upon the discernability of the QSCC II+. 8. The results of the Sasang Constitutional distribution in North Americans are as follows: The percentage of So-yang In distribution in the sample group is 36.25%(87persons), that of Tae-eum In is 13.75%(33persons), and that of So-eum In is 20.41%(49persons).

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.87-93
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• 2009

The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate and compare the vowel lengths of English diphthongs and low vowels among native-English-speaking Americans and Korean college exchange students. To do this eight words and sixteen sentences were uttered and recorded by nine subjects, five Korean subjects and four American subjects. Results showed that the vowel lengths of English low vowels between American subjects and Korean subjects were different, which may lead to foreign accent of Korean speakers. Comparing the average length of English low vowels of Korean subjects with those of American subjects, we can see that American subjects tend to pronounce the English low vowels longer than Korean subjects do. In the pronunciation of diphthongs /eI/ and /ou/, Korean subjects pronounced longer than American subjects did. However, in the pronunciation of diphthongs /au/, /aI/, and /ɔI/, American subjects pronounced longer than Korean subjects did.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.1 s.139
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• pp.114-123
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to see how Korean American people use and negotiate appearance in the US. 22 Korean American women at the age of 20s to 50s were interviewed and the verbatim texts from the interviews were interpreted. Discourses on appearance style followed by consumer stories such as American vs. Korean culture, gender, class, generation as well as personal background were recorded. The results of this study revealed that Korean Americans had diverse interpretations about their appearance and styling to fit the condition of their everyday lives. Korean immigrants did not simply assimilate dominant culture over time but maintained transcultural identities depending on contexts. This study showed that researches dealing with cultural variables could have more insights about personal experiences and social meaning processes through interpretative approach.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.9-17
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• 2021

Voice onset time (VOT) is known to be a primary acoustic cue that differentiates voiced from voiceless stops in the world's languages. While much attention has been given to the sound change of Korean stops, little attention has been given to that of English stops. This study examines VOT of stop consonants as produced by English speakers in comparison to Korean speakers to see whether there is any VOT change for English stops and how the effects of stop, place, gender, and individual on VOT differ cross-linguistically. A total of 24 native speakers (11 Americans and 13 Koreans) participated in this experiment. The results showed that, for Korean, the VOT merger of lax and aspirated stops was replicated, and, for English, voiced stops became initially devoiced and voiceless stops became heavily aspirated. English voiceless stops became longer in VOT than Korean counterparts. The results suggest that, similar to Korean stops, English stops may also undergo a sound change. Since it is the first study to be revealed, more convincing evidence is necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.764-772
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of perceived body size and actual body size between Korean and USA female college students of 18 to 26 year-old. Body measurements and survey were taken from August to September, 1998. The results are as follows: 1) There were differences between the body measurements of the Korean women and US women. Among 20 body areas, except only head length and neck circumferences, American women had bigger sizes than Korean women. 2) Compared to US females, Koreans perceived their body sizes as bigger and were more dissatisfied with their bodies than Americans. 3) Those who had thinner body sizes tended to be more satisfied with their bodies.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 1997

This study investigated differences in the topic performance of 3-year-old Korean and American children. Sixteen mother and child dyads (8 Americans and 8 Koreans) were tape-recorded during naturally occurring conversations. The cape-recorded data were transcribed on the observational chechlist by Kertoy Vetter(1995). Korean children engaged in topic performance nearly twice as often as American children. Korean children engaged in topic termination/initiation and continuation more often than American children. Also, Korean children engaged in topic collaboration and incorporation more often than American children, but there was no difference in off-topic.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2009

This survey examined sex role identities (androgyny, masculinity, femininity, and undifferentiated), gender, and academic achievement scores from an international sampling of college students. For a comparison, American students and Korean students responded to survey questions on the Bem Sex Role Inventory and the Korean Sex Role Inventory respectively, reported family socio-economic status and achievement scores on the American College Testing (ACT) or Korean Scholastic Ability Test (KSAT). Results in this study indicate that a higher percentage of American students report an androgynous or undifferentiated gender role identity than do Koreans, while Korean students are more likely to show a feminine gender role identity than Americans. Although American students reported higher levels of androgyny in their gender role identity, those who fit the feminine gender role identity group showed higher ACT scores than other gender role identity types. However, in the Korean sample, the masculine gender role identity produced a higher academic achievement for both males and females.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.97-112
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• 2000

This study examines how both English native speakers and Korean speakers realize the intonational tunes of English sentences when a sentence has two different meanings, through comparison of the utterances of the two groups of speakers. The results indicate that the English native speakers realize the difference in the meanings of given sentences in terms of differences in the boundary tones, as predicted in Pierrehumbert(1980) and Pierrehumbert & Hirschberg(l990), according to whom intonation is composed of a series of pitch accents, phrase tones, and boundary tones, and the meaning of a given sentence is delivered by the composition of the individual meanings of each component. The Korean speakers, however, fail to realize the difference in meaning with its boundary tones. Rather, they realize it by the number or positions of pitch accents and paralinguistic cues such as emotions and gestures. The Korean speakers, unlike the Americans, emphasize subject in sentences.