• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.63-86
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• 2010

Personalized services directly and indirectly acquire personal data, in part, to provide customers with higher-value services that are specifically context-relevant (such as place and time). Information technologies continue to mature and develop, providing greatly improved performance. Sensory networks and intelligent software can now obtain context data, and that is the cornerstone for providing personalized, context-specific services. Yet, the danger of overflowing personal information is increasing because the data retrieved by the sensors usually contains privacy information. Various technical characteristics of context-aware applications have more troubling implications for information privacy. In parallel with increasing use of context for service personalization, information privacy concerns have also increased such as an unrestricted availability of context information. Those privacy concerns are consistently regarded as a critical issue facing context-aware personalized service success. The entire field of information privacy is growing as an important area of research, with many new definitions and terminologies, because of a need for a better understanding of information privacy concepts. Especially, it requires that the factors of information privacy should be revised according to the characteristics of new technologies. However, previous information privacy factors of context-aware applications have at least two shortcomings. First, there has been little overview of the technology characteristics of context-aware computing. Existing studies have only focused on a small subset of the technical characteristics of context-aware computing. Therefore, there has not been a mutually exclusive set of factors that uniquely and completely describe information privacy on context-aware applications. Second, user survey has been widely used to identify factors of information privacy in most studies despite the limitation of users' knowledge and experiences about context-aware computing technology. To date, since context-aware services have not been widely deployed on a commercial scale yet, only very few people have prior experiences with context-aware personalized services. It is difficult to build users' knowledge about context-aware technology even by increasing their understanding in various ways: scenarios, pictures, flash animation, etc. Nevertheless, conducting a survey, assuming that the participants have sufficient experience or understanding about the technologies shown in the survey, may not be absolutely valid. Moreover, some surveys are based solely on simplifying and hence unrealistic assumptions (e.g., they only consider location information as a context data). A better understanding of information privacy concern in context-aware personalized services is highly needed. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to identify a generic set of factors for elemental information privacy concern in context-aware personalized services and to develop a rank-order list of information privacy concern factors. We consider overall technology characteristics to establish a mutually exclusive set of factors. A Delphi survey, a rigorous data collection method, was deployed to obtain a reliable opinion from the experts and to produce a rank-order list. It, therefore, lends itself well to obtaining a set of universal factors of information privacy concern and its priority. An international panel of researchers and practitioners who have the expertise in privacy and context-aware system fields were involved in our research. Delphi rounds formatting will faithfully follow the procedure for the Delphi study proposed by Okoli and Pawlowski. This will involve three general rounds: (1) brainstorming for important factors; (2) narrowing down the original list to the most important ones; and (3) ranking the list of important factors. For this round only, experts were treated as individuals, not panels. Adapted from Okoli and Pawlowski, we outlined the process of administrating the study. We performed three rounds. In the first and second rounds of the Delphi questionnaire, we gathered a set of exclusive factors for information privacy concern in context-aware personalized services. The respondents were asked to provide at least five main factors for the most appropriate understanding of the information privacy concern in the first round. To do so, some of the main factors found in the literature were presented to the participants. The second round of the questionnaire discussed the main factor provided in the first round, fleshed out with relevant sub-factors. Respondents were then requested to evaluate each sub factor's suitability against the corresponding main factors to determine the final sub-factors from the candidate factors. The sub-factors were found from the literature survey. Final factors selected by over 50% of experts. In the third round, a list of factors with corresponding questions was provided, and the respondents were requested to assess the importance of each main factor and its corresponding sub factors. Finally, we calculated the mean rank of each item to make a final result. While analyzing the data, we focused on group consensus rather than individual insistence. To do so, a concordance analysis, which measures the consistency of the experts' responses over successive rounds of the Delphi, was adopted during the survey process. As a result, experts reported that context data collection and high identifiable level of identical data are the most important factor in the main factors and sub factors, respectively. Additional important sub-factors included diverse types of context data collected, tracking and recording functionalities, and embedded and disappeared sensor devices. The average score of each factor is very useful for future context-aware personalized service development in the view of the information privacy. The final factors have the following differences comparing to those proposed in other studies. First, the concern factors differ from existing studies, which are based on privacy issues that may occur during the lifecycle of acquired user information. However, our study helped to clarify these sometimes vague issues by determining which privacy concern issues are viable based on specific technical characteristics in context-aware personalized services. Since a context-aware service differs in its technical characteristics compared to other services, we selected specific characteristics that had a higher potential to increase user's privacy concerns. Secondly, this study considered privacy issues in terms of service delivery and display that were almost overlooked in existing studies by introducing IPOS as the factor division. Lastly, in each factor, it correlated the level of importance with professionals' opinions as to what extent users have privacy concerns. The reason that it did not select the traditional method questionnaire at that time is that context-aware personalized service considered the absolute lack in understanding and experience of users with new technology. For understanding users' privacy concerns, professionals in the Delphi questionnaire process selected context data collection, tracking and recording, and sensory network as the most important factors among technological characteristics of context-aware personalized services. In the creation of a context-aware personalized services, this study demonstrates the importance and relevance of determining an optimal methodology, and which technologies and in what sequence are needed, to acquire what types of users' context information. Most studies focus on which services and systems should be provided and developed by utilizing context information on the supposition, along with the development of context-aware technology. However, the results in this study show that, in terms of users' privacy, it is necessary to pay greater attention to the activities that acquire context information. To inspect the results in the evaluation of sub factor, additional studies would be necessary for approaches on reducing users' privacy concerns toward technological characteristics such as highly identifiable level of identical data, diverse types of context data collected, tracking and recording functionality, embedded and disappearing sensor devices. The factor ranked the next highest level of importance after input is a context-aware service delivery that is related to output. The results show that delivery and display showing services to users in a context-aware personalized services toward the anywhere-anytime-any device concept have been regarded as even more important than in previous computing environment. Considering the concern factors to develop context aware personalized services will help to increase service success rate and hopefully user acceptance for those services. Our future work will be to adopt these factors for qualifying context aware service development projects such as u-city development projects in terms of service quality and hence user acceptance.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.471-493
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• 2010

The service industry has become very important for almost every country. The same goes for Korea, as its service industry accounts for more than 60 percent of GDP. However, it is true that the competitiveness of Korea's service industry is very low compared to that of major developed countries. It is particularly true for knowledge-intensive service sectors. In this reason, Korea needs to strengthen the competitiveness of domestic service sectors. There have been many studies on service innovation models. 1his paper tries to explore how to enhance the competitiveness of Korean service industry. It argues that the science and technology will play an essential role in strengthening the competitiveness of many service sectors and technology and innovation management will be very important also for them. Therefore, based on the review on existinf models, this paper suggests a "Model of Strategic Services Innovation Management" which is composed of strategic intent, technological innovation, and organizational innovation. Based on this model this paper analyzes two cases: Wal-Mart and Incheon International Airport Co. According to our analyzes, both companies have enhanced their competitiveness significantly based on technological and organizational innovations, which have been initiated at corporate leveL Therefore, the Korean service industry should actively adopt the Strategic Services Innovation Management Model in order to enhance its competitiveness and productivity.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.67-93
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• 2014

This study aims to present a direction for local libraries on how to collect folk culture content and provide services in cooperation with public libraries across the country, with a focus on public libraries, in implementing the government policy to collect, classify, store, research, and utilize folk culture content. Results of the study drawn from literature review, surveys, case-studies are as follows: First, based on the advantage of higher accessibility than other institutions in charge of folk culture content provision, libraries should take a role to collect, store, and utilize folk culture content for public purpose of improving knowledge and interests of residents and storing local history. Second, folk culture content collection, enhanced content-creating, and user-oriented services reflecting various demands should be expanded, seeking ways to improve management conditions of folk culture content based on collaboration network between libraries, along with drawing interests and support from the local government and the central government. Thirdly, libraries should provide expanded services of collection, creation, use of folk culture content with a focus on local culture through regular and systematic study and building of folk culture content.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.25-46
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• 2021

This study was conducted as a basic study to derive improvement measures for NKIS. A survey was conducted on NKIS users and the user's perception of NKIS was analyzed to derive improvement measures for NKIS. The directions for improvement presented based on the research results are as follows. First, it is necessary to survey the demand for users by occupational group and age and to establish clear targets for NKIS main users. Second, efforts to spread policy information and services are needed. Third, it is necessary to improve and revitalize the public relations method through the introduction of new media while maintaining the direction for public relations. This study presents NKIS user inconveniences and modifications through the NKIS user survey. Through this, it will increase users' NKIS utilization and contribute to the expansion of new users. In addition, it seems that it can be used as basic data when user perception surveys are conducted on similar information portals in the future. In future research, an in-depth investigation should be conducted to identify actual users of NKIS, and customized promotional measures should be established for users who actually utilize policy information to realize NKIS goals.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.193-210
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• 2022

The rapid development of mobile technology and the improvement of network speed are providing convenience to various services, and mobile shopping malls are no exception. Although efforts are being made to promote sales by combining various technologies such as customized recommendations using big data and specialized personalization services based on artificial intelligence, most mobile shopping malls have the same detailed page information structure including detailed product information. In this context, in this study, it was determined that the content layout of the product detail page and the mobile product detail page layout tailored to the consumer's preference should be presented according to the consumer's preference. Based on Higgins' Regulatory Focus Theory, a study of consumer propensity revealed that the content layout arrangement on a product detail page, when presented in an F-shape, informs the consumer that it is organized. If presented in a Z-shape, vivid information was recognized, and it was examined whether the product attitude and purchase intention were affected. As a result, when the content layout composition was presented as a layout arrangement in the form of a sense of unity and organization, prevention-focused consumers were positively affected by product attitudes and purchase intentions, and promotion-oriented consumers felt freedom. When presented in an arrangement, it was confirmed that the product attitude and purchase intention were affected.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.65-106
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• 1986

1, The Purpose of Study This is a study on the Evaluation of the operating of Fisheries Extension Services of Korea, for performing the activities such as guiding fisheries technique as well as offering industrial information to the fishermen in fishing village. By doing so, the Fisheries Extension Sevices(FES) can materialize the continued growth of fisheries, the social and economic development of fishing village, and the increase in income by enhancing the knowledge level of Fishermen, etc. In performing fisheries policy, this activity plays a great role on the research and development activity, and it has become practical since 1976 in Korea. In order to meet immediately with the problem of fisheries technical innovation and rapid environmental changes surrounding the fisheries, the fishermen should not only enhance their scientific and comprehensive capacity in fisheries technique but abtain various effective information. Generally, as most of all the fishemen are poor in the managerial structure and scattered in fishing villages, they have little opportunity in the contact of information. As a result, it is nessessary for the FES to perform the fishing business by the extension service officials who has received special training and acquired fisheries know-how in these fields. And yet, FES is under the unfullfilled circumstance in such factors as manpower, technical know-how, equipment, and the service system etc., which is required in promoting the social, economic development of fishing village and in resolving the high technique demand of fisherman. This study on the fisheries extension services have been studied from those backgrounds. 2. Research Method The data of collecting methods which were necessary in carrying out this study was adopted by the questionaire research on the present extension service activity, through the subject of the extension services (driving agency of the work and the officials), the object(fishemen) and the 3rd observers to the extension services (the authorities concerned). The research sample was taken by the sampling extraction of total 1, 774 men from the above 3 groups. And the research was carried out from August, 1986 to October, 1986, supported from the Fisheries Extension Office (FEO) located in field during the research process. In this study, the levels of the extension operating were determined and estimated in accordance with the extension service method, morale of extension service officials and the extension service system, etc. through the collected data of the research questionaire paper. And based on this result, the essential conditions of the extension services were grasped, and also we tried to present the various activity plan necessary to promote the operating of the extension services. The questionaire research data was calculated by the computer center of National Fisheries University of Pusan, and the total result was again tried on the one demension analysis along with two dimension analysis to search out the relativity between the questionaire, and the statistical test was done $\chi$$^2$test in significance level of l~5%. 3. Contents of Study This study consists of 7 chapters and the contents are as follows : Chapter I : The object and method of the study Chapter II : The assessment and analysis of the extension services Chapter III : The contents and method of the extension services Chapter IV : Analysis of the essential conditions for the extension services Chapter V : The evaluation of activities of extension services Chapter Ⅵ : Conclusion.4. Results and RecommendationTherefore, the results of this study estimated by logical process and analysis are as follows : 1) Most of Korean fishing villages and coastal fishermen have shown much concerns about fisheries technique and social changes, thus many of them were confronted with new problems on how to adapt and to meet changes. 2) Majority of fishermen estimated FEO as an organization of specific technologies with all the thing concerning the fisheries technique in general. Therefore the fishermen wanted to utilize the FEO as an adaptable method for the modern fisheries techniques as well as the environmental changes. 3) In contrast with the fast changes of the fisheries technique, the complexity and variety of technical system and the broadness of fishing village and fishermen, it was revealed that the necessary factors such as the facilities, manpower, budget, and the level of applying techniques of the FEO located in field were highly insufficient. Accordingly, the guiding efficiency was low and the extension services did not provide full solution to the various request from fishermen. 4) It is possible to classify the activation factor for the extension service into two large dimension ; personal dimension relevant to guidance officials and work dimension relevant to the organization. And it was found that the activation level of the work dimension was far lower than the personal dimension between them. So, the activation should be done first in the dimesion to promote the activation of the extension services. 5) The extension services officials are now demoralized in general, thus it is necessary to take reality into consideration : the expense of activity, the adequate endowment of activity scope and the reasonable operation of the position class, etc to enhance its morale. However, in order to do the FES activation, first of all, the systems should be established which is lain unsettled stage until now. And there must be change in the understanding of government i.e. the fisheries extension services are the essential policy subject to build up the base of fisheries growth and modernize the fisheries management. And it should be driven positively with the recognition of the "lasting project".g project".uot;.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.549-554
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• 2014

Studies on the intelligent vehicles that are converged with IT and vehicular technologies are currently under active discussion. A variety of communication technologies for safety intelligent vehicle services are support. As such intelligent vehicles use communication technologies, they are exposed to the diverse factors of security threats. To conduct intelligent vehicle security authentication solutions, there are some factors that can be adopted ownership, knowledge and biometrics[6,7]. This paper proposes to analyze the factors to threaten intelligent vehicle, which are usually intruded through communication network system and the security solution using biometric authentication scheme. This study proposed above user's biometrics information-based authentication scheme that can solve the anticipated problems with an intelligent vehicle, which requires a higher level of security than existing authentication solution.

• Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2017

This research proposes a method to provide visually impaired persons with better medical services and to mitigate their difficulties in taking medicines in their daily lives. Normally, pharmaceutical information are distributed in a form of printed materials, but it is not accessible by those who are visually impaired. Since persons who are visually impaired by accidents or diseases are required to take more types of medicines compared to other handicapped persons, and thus it is an important matter to let them have appropriate medicines at the right time. Although there are several web sites which are run by the Ministry of Health and Welfare providing pharmaceutic information, the information on those web sites are duplicated and some of the menus are similar, and thus giving users difficulties and discomfort in finding appropriate pharmaceutical information. Since ontology can define and describe the resource in an information system more clearly, in this research, an ontology consists of pharmaceutical information and knowledge on medicines is constructed to give patients more precise information more efficiently. Also, a service in which users can have voice guidance on pharmaceutical information retrieve from the ontology-based information system by contacting RFID sticker on the medicine to the reader.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.370-377
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• 2010

An Intelligent service robot performs various complex tasks in dynamic environment, providing useful intelligent services for human users. The robot needs to continuously monitor dynamically changing environment and reactively choose the best behavior for the changing context. The selected behaviors may include nondeterministic or parallel actions. In this paper, we present a structured reactive robot programming language, SPRIT that is based on Structured Circuit Semantics (SCS). SPRIT is fully implemented as a task executor and tested for reactive robot tasks in dynamic environment to show that it can be used to explicitly represent and effectively implement the complex reactive behaviors of intelligent robot systems.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.477-488
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• 2020

This study provides the empirical testing to test the influences of contemporary leadership styles (i.e., transactional and transformational) on job satisfaction and customer satisfaction as the mediating variable between job satisfaction and customer loyalty. The approach utilized in this study was a quantitative research design using a survey model. The participants of this study were recruited from 160 front-liners in the airline's industry in Indonesia. This study employed 160 front liners (flight attendants, reservation/ticketing, and check-in-counter officers) who worked in Branch Office/General Sales Agent of Indonesian commercial airlines. The studied airlines serve domestic routes based at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. Furthermore, the data were examined the four developed hypotheses by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The primary results are: First, in the context of job satisfaction, both leadership styles (i.e., transactional and transformational) have similar influences; Second, job satisfaction affects customer satisfaction positively and significant, Third, customer loyalty is driven by passengers' satisfaction when they are utilizing the airline services. The findings imply that the working-role encouragement is essential to maximize the productivity of front-liners to serve their customer well. This research supports on developing the general knowledge based on leadership styles in the context of the airline's industry in managing the human resources strategically.