• Knee surgery & related research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.319-325
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• 2018

Purpose: Body mass index (BMI) is often used to predict surgical difficulty in patients receiving total knee arthroplasty (TKA); however, BMI neglects variation in the central versus peripheral distribution of adipose tissue. We sought to examine whether anthropometric factors, rather than BMI alone, may serve as a more effective indication of surgical difficulty in TKA. Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled 67 patients undergoing primary TKA. Correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the associations of tourniquet time, a surrogate of surgical difficulty, with BMI, pre- and intraoperative anthropometric measurements, and radiographic knee alignment. Similarly, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) was compared to BMI. Results: Tourniquet time was significantly associated with preoperative inferior knee circumference (p=0.025) and ankle circumference (p=0.003) as well as the intraoperative depth of incision at the quadriceps (p=0.014). BMI was not significantly associated with tourniquet time or any of the radiographic parameters or KOOS scores. Conclusions: Inferior knee circumference, ankle circumference, and depth of incision at the quadriceps (measures of peripheral obesity) are likely better predictors of surgical difficulty than BMI. Further study of alternative surgical indicators should investigate patients that may be deterred from TKA for high BMI, despite relatively low peripheral obesity.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.49-65
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effects of Gagamsosokmyeong-tang(Jiajianxiaoxuming-tang) on the monosodium iodoacetate(MIA) induced early state osteoarthritis in rats. Methods: Osteoarthritis was induced by injection of MIA(0.25 mg) into knee joints of rats. Osteoarthritis rats were divided into control(n=8) and treated=8 group respectively, Control group was taken distilled water and treated group was taken extracts of Gagamsosokmyeong-tang(Jiajianxiaoxuming-tang) by orally for 20 days. Body weight was measured at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 days after MIA injection. At the end of experiment, gross and histopathological examination on the articular cartilages of the knee joints were performed. Proteoglycan(PG) content of articular cartilages were analysed by safranine O staining method. The content of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$, $interleukin-1{\beta}(IL-1{\beta})$ in synovial fluids were analysed by enzyme-inked inmunosorbent assay(ELISA) method. And also cycloxygenase-2(COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase 3(MMP-3), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), calpain immunochistochemical examination on the knee joints were performed. Results: PG content in articular cartilages of the treated group was significantly increased compared with control group. Histopathological osteoarthritic score of the treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group. $TNF-{\alpha}$ content in synovial fluids, expression of iNOS and calpain in synovial membrane of the treated group were significantly decreased compared with control group. But body weight, $1L-1{\beta}$ content in synovial fluids, expression of iNOS and MMP-3 of the treated group were not significantly changed compared with control group. Conclusions: On the basis of these results, we conclude that Gagamsosokmyeong-tang(Jiajianxiaoxuming-tang) has anti-arthritic effects on the MIA induced early stage osteoarthritis in rats.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine effect of Tai-Chi exercise program on joint flexibility for osteoarthritis patients. To evaluate the effects, quasi-experimental study was used for pre and post test with a nonequivalent control group. Method: Fifty-tow subjects participated in the experiment(twenty-seven for experimental group and twenty-five for control group) and they were from two different senior citizen centers in J city. The experiment period was from April 2002 through August 2002. The experiment group took part in Tai-Chi exercise program for eighteen weeks(three times a week for four weeks and five times a week for fourteen week). The exercise was performed for 50 minutes at every time (15 minutes for warm-up, 30 minutes for Tai-Chi exercise, and 5 minutes for ending). In order to pursue study purpose, the SPSS/WIN 8.0 program was chosen for the statistical analysis; ANCOVA was employed in examining test hypothesis; t-test and $x^2$-test were used to examine homogeneity between experimental and control group. Result: The study results were as follows :Score of vertebral joint flexibility increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Score of wrist joint extension increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Score of wrist joint flexion increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Score of elbow joint extension increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Score of elbow joint flexion increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. There was a slight increase of knee joint extension in the Tai-Chi exercise group compared to control group, but without statistical significance. Score of knee joint flexion increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Score of ankle plantar flexion increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Score of ankle dorsiflexion increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Conclusion: As shown in the results, Tai-Chi exercise program can be effective nursing intervention for osteoarthritis patient to improve joint flexibility.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.193-206
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• 2005

Objective: This study is designed to compare the effects of Sulguanjul-Bang No.1 on osteoarthritis in knee joint according to formulation. Methods: 47 patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee joint were enrolled in a open clinical trial. The 47 patients were devided into two groups at random and taken Sulguanjul-bang No.1 with decoction type, suspension type respectively for8 weeks. After 8-week treatment period, the following parameters were analyzed ; Visual analogue Scale(VAS), Lysholm index score, patients' global assessment. Results: Sulguanjul-bang No.1 treatment led to significant improvement in the pain and symptoms of osteoarthritis as determined by all efficacy measures. After 8 weeks of therapy, there was significant improvement in VAS, Lysholm index and patients' global assessment. But there is no significant difference between two groups. Conclusions: Sulguanjul-bang No.1 was very beneficial pain relief effect and functional improvement irrespect of formulation, decoction type or suspension type.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.678-686
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the physiochemical characteristics of hot water extract of Caragana sinica roots and verified its protective effect on MIA-induced osteoarthritis in rats. The contents of total polyphenol and total flavonoid used in this experiment were 0.40 mg/g and 0.22 mg/g respectively. We found that the weight of all experiment groups which ingested Caragana sinica extract for three weeks evenly increased in rats with MIA-induced osteoarthritis without toxicity in the liver or kidney. In the histopathological test through the Mankin score, the extent of damage of knee joint tissue in the experiment groups to which Caragana sinica extract was administered in 5 mL/kg or 10 mL/kg was significantly lower than that of the negative control groups statistically(p<0.05). As for the grade of osteoarthritis, the extent of tissue damage of the experiment groups to which Caragana sinica extract was administered in 5 mL/kg or 10 mL/kg was lower than that of the negative control groups as well.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.262-269
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• 2018

Sparassis crispa (Wulf.) is an edible/medicinal mushroom and has been reported to biological activities such as antitumor, anti-angiogenesis, antioxidant and wound healing. However, there have not been many researches on osteoarthritis of S. crispa. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of S. crispa extract on rats with osteoarthritis induced by MIA. Osteoarthritis is a gradually developmental disease that early stage, causes joint stiffness and complains of joint pain. In addition, it gives rise to edema and hypo-function. The results of this study, S. crispa extract effectively inhibited ROS production, increased the production of antioxidant protein SOD and catalase in knee joint cartilage tissue. In addition, S. crispa extract inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes such as NOX4 and $P47^{phox}$, which are involved in the expression of COX-2, iNOS and the production of ROS. Also, S. crispa extract inhibited the destruction of synovial tissue, cartilage tissue and proteoglycans in articular cartilage in rats.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.42-51
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Tai-Chi self-help program for osteoarthritis patients. Method: This study was performed from 1th August. to 30th Dec. 2006. 27 osteoarthritis patients were participated in the Tai-Chi self-help program. Outcome measures were pain, flexibility and balance, self-efficacy. Data were analysed by SPSS WIN 12.0. Result: There were statistically significant in balance and knee flexibility. but no significant differences were found in pain and self-efficacy. Conclusion: In conclusion, Tai-Chi self-help program was proved to be an effective nursing intervention to increase the balance and flexibility. Also 12 forms of Tai-Chi self-help program has been found safely applicable to the patients with osteoarthritis for 8 weeks. A rigorous research design should be further considered to identify the long-term benefit for this population.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.307-309
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• 2004

In this study, we have evaluated and classified arthritic pathology using the auscultation of knee joint sound. Six normal persons and 11 patients with knee problem were enrolled. Six patients of Group 1 needed an orthopeadic surgery because of the ruptured wounds of meniscus or ACL(Anterior Cruciate Ligament) and 5 patients of Group 2 diagnosed as osteoarthritis. Subjects were taken knee flexion and extension being seated in a chair for 20 seconds which repeated 3 times. Also subjects stood up and sit down repeatedly in the same way. After the movement of knee was divided into 18 degrees, the pitch perturbation according to partial degrees was analyzed and the DTW(Dynamic Time Warping) method was applied for normalizing a time-axis and unpaired t-test was used for statistic results among groups. As a result, the amplitude and frequency perturbations of group 2 was higher than group 1(p<0.05) and showed a characteristic 'w-shape' in angle-amplitude graph. These results suggest that the analysis of knee joint sound might assist in early diagnosis of knee joint disease.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.109-120
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• 2010

Objective : This study was to investigate the clinical effect of Rubiae Radix pharmacopuncture on knee joint pain. Methods : The patients were treated by Rubiae Radix pharmacopuncture, Acupuncture, herbal medicine. To evaluate the effect of the treatment, The patient's symptoms were assessed by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) Score, Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score(KOOS) and physical examinations. Results : In all cases, the pain was reduced significantly according to improvement of VAS score, KOOS and active Range Of Motion(ROM) of knee joint. VAS score and KOOS of all cases were decreased. In two cases, ROM of knee joint has improved. But in one case, ROM of knee joint has still been restricted. But there are no noticeable changes in physical examinations. Conclusion : These results suggest that Rubiae Radix pharmacopuncture might be an effective method to treat patients with knee joint pain. But, It's necessary to have more observations and experiments with Rubiae Radix pharmacopuncture.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.116-135
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was intended to clarify how Jakyakkamchobuja-tang (hereinafter referred to JKBT) affects mice of C57BL/10 whose osteoarthritis was induced by papain. Methods: Osteoarthritis was induced in mice by injecting papain in the knee joint. Mice were divided into 4 groups (n=6). The normal group were not treated at all whereas the control group (OAC-control) were induced for osteoarthritis by papain and oral medicated with 200 ul of physiological saline per day. The positive comparison group (OAC-$Joins^{(R)}$) were injected with papain and after 7 days, 100 mg/kg of $Joins^{(R)}$ were medicated with 200 ul of physiological saline mixed. The experimental group (OAC-JKBT) were injected with papain and after 7 days were medicated with 400 mg/kg of JKBT mixed with 200 ul of physiological saline. OAC-$Joins^{(R)}$ and OAC-JKBT were oral medicated for each substance for a total of 4 weeks, once per day. After experiments (from 1 week after injection of papain to 4 weeks elapsed), the function of liver and kidney, inflammation cytokine values within serum, degree of revelation for inflammation cytokine genes, immune cells within blood, metabolism of arachidonic acid and amount of cartilage were measured and histopathological variations for knee joint structures were observed. Results: Functions of liver and kidney were not affected. IL-$1{\beta}$ (interleukin-$1{\beta}$), MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and TNF-${\alpha}$ (tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$) were significantly reduced and IL-6 (interleukin-6) was also reduced but not significantly. After analyzing inflammation cytokine in joints with mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid), revelation of IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) and iNOS-II (inducible nitric oxide synthase-II) were all significantly reduced. Revelation of IL-$1{\beta}$ gene was also reduced but not significantly. Neutrophil for WBC (white blood cell) within serum was significantly reduced; monocyte was also reduced but not significantly. PGE2 (prostaglandin E2), TXB2 (thromboxane B2) were significantly reduced and LTB4 (leukotriene B4) was also reduced but not significantly. Destruction of cartilage on micro CT (computed tomography)-arthrography was reduced but had no significant differences. In terms of histopathology, infiltration of inflammation, proliferation of synovial membrane, subsidence of cartilage and bone due to penetration of excessive formation of synovial cell and destruction of cartilage were small (H&E (hematoxylin and eosin), safranine O staining). Conclusions: Based on these results, Jakyakkamchobuja-tang (JKBT) is believed to be useful for suppressing the progress of osteoarthritis and its treatments because of its anti-inflammatory effects and alleviation of pain with histopathological effective efficacy.