• Journal of Ethics
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• no.82
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• pp.193-212
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• 2011

Republic of Korea had undergone a meaningful transformation from aid recipient country to aid donor country and it was the only case among OECD countries. It became the 24th member of DAC in November, 2009. Therefore, it is required that we have to expand assistance which comes up to current economic power of Republic of Korea. However there are weak theoretical consideration about the obligation and justification of foreign aid fundamentally. These researches are almost about communitarianistic, liberalistic perspectives of view but with these, it is hard to enlarge current foreign aid into international level and it also takes a passive approach in obligation to provide. With these contexts in mind, this study proposes cosmotolitanism as an new alternative of foreign aid. This paper seeks to discuss that why we should give assistance to poverty-stricken counties and checking whether we have a obligation of foreign aid or not and the way or the extent to deal with if there is a obligation to help. Cosmotolitanism suggests that whole world is obliged with helping each other to enjoy equal rights and meet the obligation for others because people of the third world countries also have their own lives on the Earth like us and they are sharing all-global plan and future together. The existing discussion took a negative, restrictive attitude but it could mention that there is great relevance to discuss about Cosmotolitanism since it connotes the obligation for the third countries and their people itself.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.235-260
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• 2009

This study aims to analyze consumption inequality of Korean elderly households. The justification for analyzing consumption inequality during old age could be summarized as follows. First, due to the rapid growth of elderly population, the intra generational inequality of older people will bring greater consequences to the society in the coming years. Second, inequality is more actualized during old age when income stops playing a major role and the everyday lives are based mostly on consumption activities. For analysis, this study used the 2nd, 5th, 7th and 9th wave of 『Korea Labor and Income Panel Study』. The findings are as follows. First, total consumption inequality of elderly households is gradually decreasing after the economic crisis. Also, the gini coefficient of consumption items representing modern consumption culture, such as expenditures on eating out and car maintenance is decreasing. However, the inequality contribution rate of such items is continually rising, indicating that whereas the elderly households in general are being assimilated to the mainstream consumption culture, the disparity between classes is continually expanding. Second, gini coefficient and inequality contribution rate of the essentials such as food and housing has decreased indicating that basic livelihoods in general has risen. Third, the inequality of education expenditure is increasing after the year 2000 which implies that the problem of education inequality in general might have an effect on elderly households.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.77-96
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics of victims, especially aggressive victims of dating violence, and examine how they constructed the dating relationship and their commitments in dating relationships. The participants were 526 female college students who had the experience of heterosexual dating relationships, whose ages ranged from 18 to 37 (M=20.10, SD=2.70). The psychological tests used in this research included the following: Straus' Conflict Tactics Scale, Foo and Margolin's Justification of Violence Scale, Korean Version of Gender-Role Scale, and Lee and Han's Relationship Measures. Results revealed that aggressive victims of dating violence were more likely to receive mild violence as well as severe violence from their dating partners than victims only, while women who were victim only experienced sexual harassments more than aggressive victims from their dating partners. Aggressive victims of dating violence had experienced fathers' domestic violence more than women who had not experienced dating violence. Victims of dating violence showed less negative attitude toward dating violence than women who had not experienced dating violence. Victims of dating violence showed stronger commitments in their dating relationships than women who had not experienced dating violence. The results of this study may provide valuable information for professionals who help victims of dating violence.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-32
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the rationale and format of music therapy interventions with patients receiving hospice or palliative care in Korea. Through this analysis, I examined whether the music intervention used was based on a valid rationale and represented the professionalism expected of today's music therapy interventions. A total of 12 studies that met the selection criteria were identified, and the overall characteristics of each study and its format were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the rationale for each study and its format were influenced by the author's research field. The analysis also showed that the research on music-based interventions in hospice or palliative care settings was insufficient and involved a mix of professional and nonprofessional interventions. The results of this study suggest that importance of researchers possessing professional competence which requires offering a clear justification for their choice of interventions, music, and instruments. Additionally, these results emphasize the need for further development of evidence-based music therapy approaches in hospice and palliative care settings as the role of music in supporting patients in these environments has gained increasing recognition and validation.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2007

Impact of thermal discharge of nuclear power plant on marine environment is naturally reflected in biogeochemical changes of seawater. Until now, many investigation activities and reports of impact analysis of marine environment were occasionally inadequate to provide sufficient justification in resolving controversial conflict of interests related with thermal discharge of nuclear power plant. From the scrutinized examination of recent 17 reports published in Korea between 2002 and 2004, the most apparent issue was inadequacy of sampling design and absence of significance of many measured parameters. In many cases, lack of statistical interpretation of raw data incurred subjective or ambiguous assessment results, which failed in deducing mutual concurrence between the parties of interest. In overall all, the main reasons for impairing integrity of previous reports seem to be inconsistency of environmental investigation procedures between research institutions, inadequate sampling design at the discretion of institutions and lack of objectivity of impact assessment based on statistical interpretation. Therefore, the primary goal of this study is to (1) discuss the blown issues on previous routine practice of seawater quality assessment procedures, and to (2) provide improved investigation procedures and rational standard criteria strictly based on statistical analysis for the better seawater quality assessment, which could be supported by scientific community, public agency, investigation institution and the other parties of interest.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.359-372
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to develop the FPHER (problem finding, prediction & discussion, hands-on & experiment, explanation & arrangement, enrichment) instructional model emphasizing the social interactions, and as applied, characteristics of verbal interactions were examined overall and with each step. For this study, this model was applied to the students in 10th grade chemistry classes in a science high school, and their group verbal interactions were recorded and analyzed. The results of this study show that most verbal interactions were classified as on-task interactions in the FPHER instructional model, where suggestions were predominant to the acceptance of opinions. There were a few interactions in the F step, and there were many suggestions relating to the solutions and lacking in confidence in the P step. There were many suggestions relating to the process and orders in the H step. Also, there were many questions, some explanation and dissatisfaction, as well as a lack of confidence in the E step. There were many high-level interactions in the R step, and mainly interactions with worksheets showing high-level problem-solving abilities. More in-depth research is needed to develop the teaching strategies that can activate student-to-student interaction and student-teacher interaction with regard to instructions, enhancing thought as counter-argument, justification or sophistication, based on the instructional model in this study.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.48
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• pp.1-40
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• 2024

Time can be the fundamental basis of religious doctrine and the foundation for a life of faith. Therefore, understanding a religion's interpretation of time and exploring its perception is accepted as one of the approaches to comprehending its principles. Based on this idea, this article delves into how chronos (measured time) and kairos (experienced time) are manifested in Daesoon Jinrihoe. In Daesoon Jinrihoe, the moment when chronos and kairos intersect is considered a moment of spiritual experience. Ethical codes are accomplished in the midst of the process of defining this time as the Heavenly Dao and adjusting human affairs accordingly. These ethics lead individuals towards a religious life. East Asian traditions also apply this logic, but Daesoon Jinrihoe differs in that it emphasizes reinterpreted ethics. Furthermore, Daesoon Jinrihoe posits that Degree Numbers (度數) are a device that ensures the transition from chronos to kairos. Degree Numbers, which are both a law of the universe's motion and a function of time, were emphasized by the Kang Jeungsan when he advocated for the discarding of old ways and the creation of the new ways. He thereby urged humans to live in accordance with time. Time is also facilitated in the dimension of ritual observances and participation, with examples including prayers, devotional offerings, and holy works (gongbu, 工夫). Those rituals of Daesoon Jinrihoe actively incorporate a unique basis of reason for this style of engagement with time, which is one of the aspects that is held to secure justification.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2023

A Study on the Introduction of Dose Constraints for Occupational Exposures: Focusing on Experts' Opinions by Field of Radiation Industry. The International Commission on Radiological Protection suggests Justification, Optimization, and Dose Limits as the three principles of radiological protection, among which, as a means of protection optimization, ICRP 103 recommends to set dose constraints. In this study, opinions are collected from experts in each category of radiation industries for stakeholder participation to qualify dose constraints. A guidance and questionnaire for analyzing the dose constraints have been developed for their collection, and opinions were collected from radiation protection experts in selected categories. 20 out of 22 experts, consisted with 91%, have assessed the dose constraints setting is necessary, and 2 experts, consisted with 9%, assessed it is unnecessary. The average of dose constraint presented by experts for RI production institutions is to be the highest level of 15.3 mSv, and light-water reactors (14.6 mSv), non-destructive inspection (14.4 mSv), heavy-water reactor and medical institutes (13.9mSv) is to be above the overall average dose constraint. In case of public institutions, the average dose constraint is to be 8.6mSv, and research institutions (8.8mSv), educational institutions (9.6 mSv), waste disposal sites (9.7 mSv), and general industries (10.6 mSv) are resulted to below the overall average dose constraint. As for the means of setting dose constraints, 8 experts out of 22 suggested setting dose constraints for each specific industry or task. And, 5 experts especially suggest setting dose constraints for the specific groups with relatively high exposure, such as workers with above the record levels. As a countermeasure for workers who exceed the dose constraints, 15 experts out of 22 expressed that the cause analyses for them and preparation for a plan of reducing them are necessary.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.23-39
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• 2004

The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 resulted not only in the establishment of the Socialist regime, but also in the critical changes in the Russian archival system. The Soviet government issued "Decree On the Reorganization and Centralization of Archival Affairs in the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic", which prepared the ground for the archival administration in USSR. After having been revised and supplemented in the 1920's, the decree, signed by V. I. Lenin, was changed into "The Decree on the Archival Administration of Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic", by which the Bolshevik government was able not only to develop the conception of the State Archival Fond with the Single Archival Fond, but also to enlarge the archival collection. Besides, it was remarkable that the archival decree of 1929 provided the justification for actual developments of the archival institution. And from the practical point of view, the decree improved the archival affairs by means of the defining of the conservation period. It was at the beginning of the Stalin's period that the decree of 1929 was issued. Therefore, it may be said that the decree was one of the proofs as well as the agricultural collectivization and the industrialization that Stalin gained the overall control of the Soviet government. It was confirmed when the Second Conference of Soviet Archivists was held from 25 May to 1 June in 1929. After this meeting, M. N. Pokrovskii, who was the director of the Archival Administration in the course of the 1920's, lost the influence over the Soviet archival organizations, which meant that the autonomy of the Soviet archivists was reduced in a great degree. The Central Archival Administration of the Bolshevik regime experienced the analogous changes. It was changed into the Central Archival Agent in 1929 when the Stalinist system became strengthened. At the same time, it was significant that the Central Archival Administration of USSR was established. However, the Soviet archival affairs became under the direct control of the N. K. V. D. in the period of the Great Purge.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.964-972
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• 2010

Objective of this research was to determine the influence of physico.chemical properties of root substrates on growth of daughter plants that were developed through plastic bag cultivation of mother plants in 'Seolhyang' strawberry propagation. Six different formulations of root substrates for daughter plant cultivation were peatmoss + vermiculite (5:5, A), peatmoss + perlite (7:3, B), coir dust + perlite (7:3, C), coir dust + peatmoss + perlite (3.5:3.5:3.0, D), rice-hull + coir dust + perlite (2:7:1, E), and rice hull + coir dust (3:7, F). The 10 cm plastic pots filled with formulated substrates were located near the plastic bag where mother plants were growing. Then the runners and daughter plants originated from mother plants were fixed on each root substrate filled into 10 cm plastic pot and daughter plants were grown in the plastic pots. The container capacity and air space showed big differences among substrates tested. The substrates E and F had the less container capacity and the higher air space than other substrates tested. This indicates that the two substrates would have difficulties in water managements during the raising of daughter plants. The substrates of A, B, and D which contained peatmoss in formulation had higher nitrogen concentrations than those containing coir dust or rice hull. The substrates of E and F which contained rice hull had lower nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations than those that contained coir. The crown diameters of daughter plants grown in substrate A were around 13 mm which is thicker than those grown in other substrates. The fresh weights of daughter plants grown in A substrate were the heaviest followed by C, F, D, E, and B. The dry weight of daughter plants showed similar tendency to those of fresh weight. The daughter plants which had heavy fresh and dry weights and thick crown diameter are considered good seedlings. Based on this justification, the substrates of A, C and F are acceptable for daughter plant growth of 'Seolhyang' strawberry.