• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.457-466
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• 2009

This study puts the purpose in providing the scientific basis of dance motion as an artistic expression by analyzing the kinematic variable and the distribution factor of power affecting the motion, which is connected to the turn, right after the arabesque motion according to the existence and non existence of using the arm in the arabesque motion of modern dance. As a result of this study, arabesque turn motion, not using the upper limbs, used more turning force of head and body than the arabesque turn motion, using the upper limbs, and arabesque turn using the upper limbs obtained the turning force, using the right shoulder. The range of the hip joint on the left and the position change of left tiptoe in the Arabesque turn motion using the upper limbs is largely ascended to the vertical axis, while, the position of tiptoe in the Arabesque turn motion, not using the upper limbs is dropped to the lower part of each event. In the replacement of body center, Arabesque turn motion using the upper limbs is moved more to the turning axis than arabesque turn motion not using the upper limbs. As a result of maximum vertical ground reaction force, Arabesque turn motion using the upper limbs appeared to be a lower value than the Arabesque turn motion not using the upper limbs.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.295-313
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• 2006

Statement of problem. Higher fracture rates were reported for Branemark implants placed in the maxilla and for 3.75 mm diameter implants installed in the posterior region. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fracture of a fixture by finite element analysis and to compare different diameter of fixtures according to the level of alveolar bone resorption. Material and Methods. The single implant and prosthesis was modeled in accordance with the geometric designs for the 3i implant systems. Models were processed by the software programs HyperMesh and ANSA. Three-dimensional finite element models were developed for; (1) a regular titanium implant 3.75 mm in diameter and 13 mm in length (2) a regular titanium implant 4.0 mm in diameter and 13 mm in length (3) a wide titanium implant 5.0 mm in diameter and 13 mm in length each with a cementation type abutment and titanium alloy screw. The abutment screws were subjected to a tightening torque of 30 Ncm. The amount of preload was hypothesized as 650 N, and round and flat type prostheses were 12 mm in diameter, 9 mm in height were loaded to 600 N. Four loading offset points (0, 2, 4, and 6 mm from the center of the implants) were evaluated. To evaluate fixture fracture by alveolar bone resorption, we investigated the stress distribution of the fixtures according to different alveola. bone loss levels (0, 1.5, 3.5, and 5.0 mm of alveolar bone loss). Using these 12 models (four degrees of bone loss and three implant diameters), the effects of load-ing offset, the effect of alveolar bone resorption and the size of fixtures were evaluated. The PAM-CRASH 2G simulation software was used for analysis of stress. The PAM-VIEW and HyperView programs were used for post processing. Results. The results from our experiment are as follows: 1. Preload maintains implant-abutment joint stability within a limited offset point against occlusal force. 2. Von Mises stress of the implant, abutment screw, abutment, and bone was decreased with in-creasing of the implant diameter. 3. With severe advancing of alveolar bone resorption, fracture of the 3.75 and the 4.0 mm diameter implant was possible. 4. With increasing of bending stress by loading offset, fracture of the abutment screw was possible.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.419-429
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a new re-quantization method after FFT processing to prevent the distortion of correlation result of VCS (VLBI Correlation Subsystem). The re-quantization is used to rearrange the data bit so as to reduce the data rate processed as 16-bit of FFT result of VCS. Having done this procedure, we found that the distorted spectrum of correlation result occurred in the delay tracking experiments by the re-quantization method introduced for initial design of VCS. In order to solve this, two kinds of re-quantization method, that is, the comparison and selection-type, are proposed. The first is to re-quantize the FFT result as a valid-bit by comparing with the input data after determining the adequate threshold. The second is manually to select the valid-bit of FFT result after finding the valid-field of data according to the bit-distribution of input data. We confirmed that the second is more effective compared with the first through the experimental result, and it will be implemented without so much modification of applied method in the condition of the limited resource of FPGA. The re-quantization is, however, carried out with 4-bit in the proposed second method for FFT result, and then the distortion of correlation result is also appeared. To fix this problem, the bit for re-quantization is extended to 8-bit. The proposed 8-bit selection-type is effectively verified so that the distortion of correlation result disappeared by applying to VCS in consequence of the simulation and correlation experiments.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2001

Loop-loop electromagnetic (EM) survey in frequency domain has been carried out in order to provide basic solution to geotechnical applications. Source and receiver configuration may be horizontal co-planar (HCP) and/or vertical co-planar (VCP). Three quadrature components of mutual impedance ratio for each configuration are used to construct the subsurface image. For the purpose of obtaining the model response and validating the reasonable performance of the inversion, we obtained each responses of two-layered and three-layered earth models and two-dimensional (2-D) isolated anomalous body. The response of 2-D isolated anomalous body has been calculated using extended Born approximation for the solution of 2.5-D integral equation describing EM scattering problem. As a result of the least-squares inversion with variable Lagrangian multiplier, we could construct more resolvable image from HCP data than VCP data. Furthermore, joint inversion of HCP and VCP data made better stability and resolution of the inversion. Resistivity values, however, did not exactly match the true ones. Loop-loop EM field data was obtained with EM34-3XL system manufactured by Geonics Ltd. (Canada). Electrical resistivity survey was conducted on the same line for the comparison in advance. Since the constructed image from loop-loop EM data by 2-D inversion algorithm showed almost similar resistivity distribution to that from electrical resistivity one, we expect the developed 2.5-D loop-loop EM inversion program can be applied for the reconnaissance site survey.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.339-348
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• 2017

One of the major issues of statistical process control for variables data is monitoring both the mean and the standard deviation. The traditional approach to monitor these parameters is to simultaneously use two seperate control charts. However there have been some works on developing a single chart using a single plotting statistic for joint monitoring, and it is claimed that they are simpler and may be more appealing than the traditonal one from a practical point of view. When using these control charts for variables data, estimating in-control parameters and checking the normality assumption are the very important step. Nonparametric Shewhart-Lepage chart, proposed by Mukherjee and Chakraborti (2012), is an attractive option, because this chart uses only a single control statistic, and does not require the in-control parameters and the underlying continuous distribution. In this paper, we introduce the Shewhart-Lepage chart, and propose the design procedure to find the optimal diagnosis limits when the location and the scale parameters change simultaneously. We also compare the efficiency of the proposed method with that of Mukherjee and Chakraborti (2012).

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2017

As per current seismic design codes, diagonally reinforced coupling beams are restricted to coupling beams having aspect ratio below 4. However, a grouped diagonally reinforcement detail makes distribution of steel bars in the beam much harder, furthermore it may result in poor construction quality. This paper describes the experimental results of concrete coupling beam reinforced with high-strength steel bars (SD500 & SD600 grades). In order to improve workability for fabricating coupling beams, a headed large diameter steel bar was used in this study. Two full-scale coupling beams were fabricated and tested with variables of reinforcement details and aspect ratio. To reflect real behavior characteristic of the beam coupling shear walls, a rigid steel frame system with linked joints was set on the reaction floor. As a test result, it was noted that cracking and yielding of reinforcement were initially progressed at the coupling beam-to-shear wall joint, and were progressed to the mid-span of the coupling beam, based on the steel strain and failure modes. It was found that the coupling beams have sufficient deformation capacity for drift ratio of shear wall corresponding to the design displacement in FEMA 450-1. In this study, the headed horizontal steel bar was also efficient for coupling beams to exhibit shear performance required by seismic design codes. For detailed design for coupling beam reinforced with high-strength steel, however, research about the effect of variable aspect ratios on the structural behavior of coupling beam is suggested.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.635-642
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• 2014

In this paper, an efficient technique is developed to predict failure probability of three failure modes(case rupture, fracture and bolt breakage) related to solid rocket motor case due to the inner pressure during the mission flight. The overall procedure consists of the steps: 1) design parameters affecting the case failure are identified and their uncertainties are modelled by probability distribution, 2) combustion analysis in the interior of the case is carried out to obtain maximum expected operating pressure(MEOP), 3) stress and other structural performances are evaluated by finite element analysis(FEA), and 4) failure probabilities are calculated for the above mentioned failure modes. Axi-symmetric assumption for FEA is employed for simplification while contact between bolted joint is accounted for. Efficient procedure is developed to evaluate failure probability which consists of finding first an Most Probable Failure Point(MPP) using First-Order Reliability Method(FORM), next making a response surface model around the MPP using Latin Hypercube Sampling(LHS), and finally calculating failure probability by employing Importance Sampling.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.4
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• pp.479-486
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• 2010

We analyzed the relationships between the daily yield and quality of pine-mushroom to predict the annual production pattern and unit price of the mushroom with the records of pine-mushroom trade at Yeongdeok forestry cooperative's market for nine years (2000~2008). Although there were some exceptions due to extreme drought or extraordinary temperature, the production ratio of high quality (first and second grade) was more than 50% in early stage and decreased, while that of low quality (pileus opened and defected ones) showed increasing pattern after the production reached in peak. The ratio of high quality and that of low quality were reversed 1~9 days before the mushroom production reached the acme of daily yield, which allowed us to predict that the mushroom production would be decreased when the ratio of low quality overcomes that of high quality. The ratio of high quality preceded about 3~4 days prior to that of daily yield, and the mushroom yield showed significant correlations with the ratio of high quality mushroom prior to 3~4 days of the day with the coefficient larger than 0.5 (r=0.51 for 3 days and r=0.54 for 4 days). Thus, we concluded that the analysis of grade distribution of pine-mushroom at the market may provide a significant clue to predict production pattern of the mushroom. In addition, the price of high quality pine-mushroom showed clear negative correlations with the yield. Thus, the analysis may take a good role for the trading of pine-mushroom with providing information for predicting the price of pine-mushroom.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2013

Recent years have witnessed a strong need for eco-friendly and energy-efficient systems owing to global environmental problems. A heat exchanger is a well-known mechanical rig that has long been used in many energy systems. The use of a heat exchanger in an airplane engine has been attempted. In this case, the heat exchanger should be redesigned to be compact, lightweight, and highly reliable, and the issue of mechanical integrity gains importance. Therefore, in this study, we proposed a method for evaluating the mechanical integrity of a tube-type heat exchanger. A U-shaped single tube was used as an example, and its behavior and stress distribution were studied using fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.33-47
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to classify and analyze existing studies from various angles through systematic literature review of how human resources development has been researched in the domestic franchise business. These studies are intended to suggest the direction in which human resource development research should be conducted in the future in the franchise business. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is based on systematic literature review methodology. It has gone through the process of subject language setting, literature search routing, search term selection, literature selection, literature classification and literature analysis. The systematic literature review identified 59 peer-reviewed dissertations and scientific journal publications on the subject of HRD in Korea franchise business. Result - This study analyzed by research methods, research industries, research population and dependent variable using the systematic review process. The literature studied in the 2000s mainly led to research on education and training of franchise employees in beauty franchise business. In the literature studied since 2010, human resources development was mainly studied in the supervisor in the restaurant franchise business, and in the study of competence rather than education and training. According to the research methods, statistical methods were mostly relatively simple, such as t-test or one-way distribution analysis until the 2000s, and after 2010, in-depth and structural studies using multiple return analysis, structural method analysis, path analysis, multi-dimensional scale analysis, AHP, etc were conducted. When classified by study dependant, early research until the 2000s focused on the study of education and training, which is an independent variable, on the satisfaction of education programs, job satisfaction, and immersion. On the other hand, studies conducted since 2010 have produced more complex results using various medium variants, and those related to management performance and relationship performance have been mainly studied, rather than the satisfaction of the education itself. Conclusions - While the domestic franchise business is expanding in terms of quantity, such as the number of franchises and franchises, the development in terms of quality for the joint growth of franchises and franchisees is still lacking. In order for the franchisee to continue to grow with each other, the franchisee must identify and develop their current performance or expected capabilities through capacity modeling at various targets and levels.