• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2011

Three hundred and fourteen low back pain patients completed the Korean version of the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (KODQ) and the Rasch analysis was then applied to identify the inappropriate items and to determine ODQ item difficulties according to a subject's characteristics. For women and youths, the 'sex life' item showed misfit statistics, whereas for older subjects it was the 'pain intensity' and 'standing' items. Also, in the acute low back group the 'pain intensity', 'standing' and 'sex life' items showed misfit statistics. For all subjects, the most difficult item was 'pain intensity', whereas the easiest item was 'walking'. But for the older and acute groups 'lifting' was the most difficult item and for those who have a visual analogue scale score of 3 or less 'sitting' was the most difficult item. These results show that differential item functioning is present in several items according to sex, age, acute and chronic pain, and VAS score. This study may be useful for adjusting the KODQ item difficulties for low back pain patients with different characteristics.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2006

본 연구는 2005년, 2006년 대학수학능력시험 직업탐구영역의 "컴퓨터 일반" 문항을 질적 연구와 양적연구로 분석하였다. 질적 연구로 내용 타당도 검사를 실시하고, 양적연구로 2-모수 문항 반응 모형에 근거한 베이지안(Bayesian) 1.0을 이용하여 문항의 난이도 및 변별도를 측정하였으며 고전검사이론 프로그램인 테스트안(Testan) 1.0을 이용하여 문항의 신뢰도 및 오답지를 분석하였다. "컴퓨터 일반" 영역의 문항들을 분석하여 문항의 질을 높이고 난이도의 정확한 예측을 하여 보다 신뢰도와 변별력 있는 문항을 개발하기 위한 자료로 제시하고자 한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a Korean version of Night Eating Questionnaire (KNEQ) and test its psychometric properties and evaluate items according to item response theory. Methods: The 14-item NEQ as a measure of severity of the night eating syndrome was translated into Korean, and then this KNEQ was evaluated. A total of 1171 participants aged 20 to 50 completed the KNEQ on the Internet. To test reliability and validity, Cronbach's alpha, correlation, simple regression, and factor analysis were used. Each item was analyzed according to Rasch-Andrich rating scale model and item difficulty, discrimination, infit/outfit, and point measure correlation were evaluated. Results: Construct validity was evident. Cronbach's alpha was .78. The items of evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestion showed high ability in discriminating people with night eating syndrome, while items of morning anorexia and mood/sleep provided relatively little information. The results of item analysis showed that item2 and item7 needed to be revised to improve the reliability of KNEQ. Conclusion: KNEQ is an appropriate instrument to measure severity of night eating syndrome with good validity and reliability. However, further studies are needed to find cut-off scores to screen persons with night eating syndrome.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.2789-2791
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• 2001

데이터 마이닝을 통해 우리는 숨겨진 지식, 예상되지 않았던 경향 그리고 새로운 법칙들을 방대한 데이터에서 이끌어내고자 한다. 본 논문에서 우리는 사용자의 구매 패턴을 발견하여 사용자가 원하는 상품을 미리 예측하여 추천하는 알고리즘을 소개하고자 한다. 제안하고 있는 item dependency map은 구매된 상품간의 관계를 수식화 하여 행렬의 형태로 표현한 것이다. Item dependency map의 값은 사용자가 A라는 상품을 구매한 후 B상품을 살 확률이다. 이런 정보를 가지고 있는 item dependency map은 홉필드 네트윅(Hopfield network)에서 연상을 위한 패턴 값으로 적용된다. 홉필드 네트웍은 각 노드사이의 연결가중치에 기억하고자 하는 것들을 연상시킨 뒤 어떤 입력을 통해서 전체 네트워크가 어떤 평형상태에 도달하는 방식으로 작동되는 신경망 중의 하나이다. 홉필드 네트웍의 특징 중의 하나는 부분 정보로부터 전체 정보를 추출할 수 있는 것이다. 이러한 특징을 가지고 사용자들의 일반적인 구매패턴을 일부 정보만 가지고 예측할 수 있다. Item dependency map은 홉필드 네트윅에서 사용자들의 그룹별 패턴을 학습하는데 사용된다. 따라서 item dependency map이 얼마나 사용자 구매패턴에 대한 정보를 가지고 있는지에 따라 그 결과가 결정되는 것이다. 본 논문은 정확한 item dependency map을 계산해 내는 알고리즘을 주로 논의하겠다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2014

For maintaining adequate psychometric properties when reducing the number of items from an instrument, item level psychometrics is crucial. Strategies such as low item correlation or factor loadings, using classical test theory, have traditionally been advocated. The purpose of this study is to describe the development of a new short form assessing the impact of low back pain on physical activity. Rasch measurement model has been applied to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Activity Measure (ICF-AM). One hundred and one individuals with low back pain aged 19-89 years (mean age: $48.1{\pm}17.3$) who live in the community were participated in the study. Twenty-seven items of lifting/carrying construct of the ICF-AM were analyzed. Ten items were selected from the construct to create a short form. Item elimination criteria include: 1) high or low mean square (out of the range: .6-1.4 for the fit statistics), 2) similar item calibrations to adjacent items, 3) person separation value, and item-person map for potential gap in person ability continuum. All 10 items of the short form fit to the Rasch model except one item (i.e., carrying toddler on back). Despite its high infit and outfit statistics (1.90/2.17), the item had to be reinstated due to potential gaps at the upper extreme of person ability level. The short form had a slightly better spread of person ability continuum compared to the entire set of item. The created short form separated individuals with low back pain into nearly 4 groups, while the entire set of items separated the individuals into 6 groups. The findings prompted multidimensional models for better explanation of the lifting/carrying domain. The item level psychometrics based on the Rasch model can be useful in developing short forms with rationally retained items.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2007

아이템 거래의 속성에 대해서는 그동안 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔으나, 막상 아이템 거래의 발생 원인에 대해서는 설문조사 등의 방법만 수행되어 왔고, 온라인 게임 내에서의 경제 분석 에 의한 연구는 이루어지지 못하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 온라인 게임 내에서의 아이템 수요와 공급에 대해 역할참석, 직접관찰, 관련자 면담 등의 방법을 사용하여 게임 내에서의 아이템 거래의 원인을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 아이템 거래가 일반 게이머들 사이에서 차지하는 비중은 크지 않으며, 인챈트를 즐기는 소수의 게이머, 혈전 및 공성전을 수행하는 사람들 사이에서 중점적으로 발생한다. 또 주된 아이템 공급자는 일반게이머가 아니라 작업장이다. 즉 아이템 거래는 소량으로 적은 액수를 거래하는 다수의 게이머와, 대량으로 많은 액수를 거래하는 소수의 매니아 게이머에 의해서 발생한다. 이러한 아이템 거래의 소수 집중적 속성을 파악하는 것은 아이템 거래와 관련된 제반 정책 및 사회적 영향을 검토하는 데에 기반 지식으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2010

본 연구는 아이템 현금거래를 단순한 정적인 체계로 접근하는 기존 연구와 달리, 거래의 진화과정에 대한 역사적 분석을 통해 아이템 현금 거래를 복잡적응계(CAS)로서 접근하였다. 아이템 현금거래는 가상경제와 현실경제 간의 융합을 보여주는 복합적 현상으로 시간에 따라 아이템의 생산과 소비 과정이 역동적으로 진화하고 있다. 본 연구는 첫째, 초기 아이템 거래가 단일한 행위자에 의해 설계된 의도적 체계가 아니라 내생적으로 창발하였음을, 둘째, 초기 거래 이후 아이템 거래는 다양한 행위자들(개인유저, 작업장, 게임 기업, 유저 커뮤니티, 중개인 등)이 자발적으로 참여하는 복잡하고 역동적인 체계로서 거래안전성과 효율성을 증가시키는 방향으로 자기조직화하고 있음을, 셋째, 복작접응계로서 아이템 거래 체계는 내부 행위자들의 욕구를 상호보완해주고 긍정적 피드백이 강력히 작동하고 있음을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 아이템 현금거래의 창발과 진화에 대한 이해가 부재한 인위적 규제가 체제 효율성을 왜곡시켜 비의도적인 정책 실패를 야기할 수 있다는 함의를 제공한다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.581-595
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 수학 교과에서 자동문항생성을 활용하여 지식의 핵심 구조인 온톨로지모형 기반의 문항모형을 CAFA 시스템을 통해 제작하는 절차를 명세하고, 생성된 문항 사례들을 탐색하는 데 있다. 이를 위한 사례로 수학 3의 대푯값과 산포도 단원의 평가준거 성취기준을 바탕으로 개념과 계산을 포함한 내용적 특성과 적용을 포함한 과정적 특성을 바탕으로 형성평가에 적합한 문항모형을 제작하였다. 하나의 문항모형에서 생성된 문항 유형은 최선답형, 정답형, 합답형, 미완성문장형, 부정형, 진위형, 배합형 등이었으며, 매체로는 Google Chart, HTML, TTS, 그림, 비디오 등을 활용할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 자동문항생성 기반의 디지털 평가 활용방안에 대한 시사점을 학생, 예비교사, 일반교사 그리고 특수교육 측면에서 논의하고, 본 연구의 한계점과 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2022

Objectives : The evaluation of academic achievement is pivotal for establishing accurate direction and adequate level of medical education. The purpose of this study was to firstly establish innovative item analysis technique of Item Response Theory (IRT) for analyzing multiple-choice test of herbology in the traditional Korean medicine education which has not been available for the difficulty of test theory and statistical calculation. Methods : The answers of 390 students (2012-2018) to the 14 item herbology test in college of Korean medicine were used for the item analysis. As for the multidimensional analysis of item characteristics, difficulty, discrimination, and guessing parameters along with item-total correlation and percentage of correct answer were calculated using Classical Test Theory (CTT) and IRT. Results : The validity parameters of strong and weak items were illustrated in multiple perspectives. There were 4 items with six acceptable index scores, and 5 items with only one acceptable index score. The item discrimination of IRT was found to have no significant correlation with difficulty and discrimination indices of CTT emphasizing attention of professionals of medical education as for the test credibility. Conclusion : The critical suggestions for the development, utilization and revision of test items in the e-learning and evidence-based Teaching era were made based on the results of item analysis using IRT. The current study would firstly provide foundation for upgrading the quality of Korean medicine education using test theory.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.100-118
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• 1991

This study was conducted in order to grasp the condition of the student's knowledge and attitude about sex. And to offer the basic materials for sex education of school health service. The objects were comprised of 464 volunteered students who study in commercial girls' high school. The material of this study was the questionaire suited to the purposed of this research which has been made through studying references. All the questionaire written by students. The self reported questionaires were collected immediately without explanation on supervision of school nurse. The data was collected from 28th to 30th of June on 1990. Analysis of the data was done utilizing SPSS for percentage, mean, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The Results are as follows; 1. General features of the objects of study School grade distribution was similar. Fathers of 41-50 years were the highest(58.3%), mothers of 41-50 years were the highest(64.3%), family of living together were the highest(87.5%), fathers of graduated high school were highest(60.7%), mothers of graduated middle school were the highest(43.0%) and neuclear families were highest(91.5%). 2. The Conditions of Knowledge about sex When 5 Point was given to "Well known" and 1 point was given to "Never known", the total average was 2.97, Especially the mean of Female physiology was shown 3.93, 73.4% of students have known. But the mean of male physiology was shown 2.23, 17.2% of students only. And Family planning item was 3.54, hymen item was 3.38, female genitalia item was 3.35, abortion item was 3.25, Intercourse and pregnancy item was 3.24, Ovulation item was 3.02, Contraception item was 2.97, Veneral disease and masturbation item was 2.82, maintenance of pregnancy item was 2.76, Anatomical differences between male and female item was 2.59, male genitalia item was 2.31, ejaculation item was 2.27. 3. The conditions of attitude about Sex When 5 point was given to "Very affirming" and 1 point was given to "Very deny" the total average was 3.20. Especially the mean of social intercourse between other sex was shown 3.92, 73.4% of students have affirmed. But the mean of psychic response on menstruation was shown 2.24, 8.8% of students only. And baby birth item was 3.72, the fact that I am a woman item was 3.53, marriage item was 3.49. Secondary body change item was 3.38, puberty item was 3.31, delivery and sexual intercourse item was 3.05, pregenancy item was 3.02, psychic condition on menarche item was 2.50. Also present counsellors about sex were teachers in charge (44.9%), friends(21.6%), mothers(20.6%), elder sisters (10.6%), mass-communications (1.5%), fathers (0.4%), school nurses and elder brother(0.2%). In addition to, future counsellors about sex were friends (37.7%), mothers(30.6%), elder sister (18.4%), school nurses (4.6%), mass communication (3.8%), teachers in charge (2.5%), elder brothers (1.4%) and fathers(1.0%). 4. Correlation between the general features and knowledge variables School grade and knowledge condition has relationship to female genitalia(P<0.05), female physiology (P<0.00), male physiology (P<0.05),ovulation (P<0.00), and femily planning (P<0.005). Fathers age and knowledge condition has relationship to male physiology(P<0.05), and abortion (P<0.05). Marrital status and knowledge condition has relationship to female physiology (P<0.01), masturbation (P<0.05). Fathers educational background and knowledge condition has relationship to masturbation (P<0.00). Mothers age and knowledge condition has relationship to family planning (P<0.05). 5. Correlation between the general futures and attituded variables Fathers age and attitude condition has relationship to psychic response on menstruation (P<0.05). Mothers age and attitude condition has relationship to fact that I am a woman (P<0.00). Mothers educational background and attitude condition has relationship to social intercourse between other sex (P<0.05). Type of family and attitude condition has relationship to puberty (P<0.01). 6. Correlation between knowledge condition and attitude condition Those who had more knowledge about sex have more affirmative response (P<0.001).