• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.164-168
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• 2005

An experimental design has been used to optimize the analysis of volatile component from fresh ginseng using solvent free solid injector (SFSI). The analysis were performed at three different sample preparing methods (fresh, oven drying and freezed drying), different injector port temperatures (100, 150, 200, 250 and $300^{\circ}C$) and different preheating time (3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 min) according to the above experimental design. The optimum conditions from analytical results were fresh sample (sample preparing methods), $250^{\circ}C$ (injector temperature) and 10 min (preheating time). Ginsengs grown for six years at Gumsan were prepared for fresh, white and red ginsengs. These fresh, white and red singsengs were analyzed for their volatile components by GC/MS equipped with SFSI according to the above the optimum conditions. A total of thirty-three volatile components were identified in fresh ginseng by SFSI, thirty-six in white ginseng and thirty-eight in red ginseng. These results suggested that the SFSI method could be used for isolating volatile component in ginsengs.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2010

Purpose : This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) nasal carriage in Korean children attending day care centers. Methods : During September and October 2009, a survey for nasal carriage of S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was conducted among children attending day care centers located in Seoul with questionnaire survey for evaluation of risk factors of acquisition of MRSA was obtained from their guardians. A culture of the anterior nares swabs using enrichment broth was executed for isolating S. aureus and oxacillin susceptibility was assessed by the disk diffusion method. Results : Out of the 428 children enrolled whose mean age was 55 months old, 163 (38.1%) were colonized with S. aureus. Of the 163 isolates, 40 (24.5%) were MRSA. The nasal carriage rate of S. aureus showed an increasing trend with increase of age. Based on the answer to the questionnaire, 9.2% and 3.6% of children had a recent history of hospitalization and surgery, respectively, and approximately 40% of children had a history of prescription of antibiotics within 1 year prior to enrollment. Of the 428 subjects, 40 (9.3%) were MRSA nasal carriers. Conclusion : S. aureus and MRSA carriage rate of children attending day care center in Korea was 38.1% and 9.3%, respectively. Continued surveillance for nasal carriage rate of S. aureus and MRSA (especially community-associated MRSA) is mandatory.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.382-396
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• 1999

This study was attempted to prove the effect of emotional stability and vital signs applying music therapy program to the children admitted in the PICU. Data were collected from July to September, 1997. The subjects were 30 patients admitted in the PICU of 'S' University Hospital which were divided into two groups of experimental and control. Each group had 15 subjects. Method was nonequivalent control group pretest-postteset repeated design, observing vital signs and activity of subjects prior, during, and after the music intervention. The study tools were cassette tapes of 'Mother's music whose babies want to listen' and Space-lab patient monitor. Data were analyzed using the $SPSS/PC+;x^2$ test and t-test to analyze of the general characteristics ; paired t-test to prove hypotheses. Result were as follows; 1. Infants lower than seven months showed changing into stable vital signs from applying the music therapy, however infants from eight months to three-year old showed no change in vital signs. 2. Vital signs changed to stabilized condition in infants lower than seven months were heart rate and respiration rate. 3. The stability of vital signs during music therapy turned back to the previous state while terminating music therapy. 4. The effect of music therapy in the state of activity had on both infants group of lower than seven months and from eight months to three-year old, particularly more effective in the later group. I recommend follows on the base of above results ; 1. As above results shows, listening to music is effective on infants and toddler, intervention with music therapy appropriate to chidlren's age is hot recommended. 2. Comparative study with noise blocking effect and music therapy effect within the ICU environment be recommended. 3. The repeated study on when the exact time is and how many repeat the music therapy to show the above mentioned effect be recommended. 4. We recommend this music therapy to be done in the recovery room, isolating room, operating room as well as ICU.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.3 s.99
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• pp.239-246
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• 2005

Biologist must have to do 2DGE biological experiment for Protein Search and Analysis. This experiment coming into being 2 dimensional image. 2DGE (2D Gel Electrophoresis : two dimensional gel electrophoresis) image is the most widely used method for isolating of the objective protein by comparative analysis of the protein spot pattern in the gel plane. The process of protein spot analysis, firstly segment protein spots that are spread in 2D gel plane by image processing and can find important protein spots through comparative analysis with protein pattern of contrast group. In the algorithm which detect protein spots, previous 2DGE image analysis is applies gaussian fitting, however recently Watersheds region based segmentation algorithm, which is based on morphological segmentation is applied. Watersheds has the benefit that segment rapidly needed field in big sized image, however has under-segmentation and over-segmentation of spot area when gray level is continuous. The drawback was somewhat solved by marker point institution, but needs the split and merge process. This paper introduces a novel marker search of protein spots by watersheds-based hierarchical threshold, which can resolve the problem of marker-driven watersheds.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the resistance of Botrytis cinerea to azoxystrobin, which belongs to strobilurin fungicides. The sensitivity of B. cinerea isolates, which were collected from infected pepper, strawberry, cucumber and tomato by a single spore isolation, to the fungicide was tested through a agar dilution method on PDA amended with fungicides and $100{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM). All isolates of B. cinerea tested in this study were classified as a sensitive and a resistant group by $1.0{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of $EC_{50}$ value to azoxystrobin. While the sensitive isolates accounted for 46.5% of B. cinerea population, the resistant ones did for 53.5%. According to the regions isolating B. cinerea, the highest isolation frequency was showed as 81.1% in Chungnam among the all. Among 4 host plants as pepper, strawberry, cucumber and tomato, the highest isolation frequency was obtained in strawberry, while the lowest was done in pepper. The isolate resistant to azoxystrobin showed the cross resistance to other fungicides included into strobilurins as kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin. In spite of an excellent efficacy of strobilurins, it should be taken care to use them in the field, because of the high risk in the fields.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.230-235
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• 1976

The current experiment has been carried out in order to find the chemical and physical properties of three species of the acorn starch. The results of the experiment are as follows. 1. Acorn is made up of 3.5-5.0% of lipid, 7.2-7.7% of protein, 71.6-76.3% of carbohydrate, and 1.9-2.2% of ash. 2. The purifying method of ether treated is better than that of 85% methanol treated for isolating pure starch. 3. Initial gelatinization temperature of the acorn starches ranged from $61-68^{\circ}C$; Quercus crispula Blume was the lowest and Quercus mongolica Fischer was the highest. On viscosity, Quercus mongolica Fischer shows the highest and Quercus crispula Blume shows the lowest. 4. It is estimated that the acorn starch lie halfway between those of the potato starch and the corn starch. By drying at $100^{\circ}C$, the crystal structure is destroyed first in the farther part of the lattice distance.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1374-1380
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• 2007

The development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology has the potential to solve for isolating pathogenic microorganisms from environmental samples than traditional plate counting methods. We have been detected pathogenic bacteria from raw water and water treatment process in Busan metropolitan city by PCR method. According to the result of survey from July 2004 to October 2005, 80 out of 92(87.0%) were positive for bacterial pathogens in raw water samples and positive rate of Shigella spp., Yersinia spp., Salmonella spp. and Legionella spp. were 46.2%, 40.7%, 17.6% and 9.9%, respectively. Pathogenic bacteria in raw water was mainly distributed through the lately Autumn to the winter and more highly detected Maeri than Mulgum region. During the period of survey in water treatment process, Shigella spp. was highly detected but all of bacterial pathogens were entirely removed after in post-ozonation step. These suggest that waters supplied in Busan metropolitan city may be safe against the pathogenic bacteria.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.25
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• pp.293-313
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• 2009

A general sequence of moral instruction in elementary school is advanced to understanding of contents, application of understanding, reflection of application. The understanding of contents as first stage of instruction is related with abstract moral concepts. A model of concept analysis as one of the moral instruction models could be applied to understand on abstract moral concept. We can find rationale of that model from the 'analysis of concept' that is proposed by John Wilson. His 'analysis of concept' is thinking technique based on informal logics of ordinal language. These technique is constituted of 'Isolating questions of concept', 'Right answers', 'Model cases', 'Contrary cases', 'Related cases', 'Borderline cases', 'Invented cases', 'Social context', 'Underlying anxiety', 'Practical results', 'Results in language'. And these techniques could be categorized some of stages like finding a concept for analysis, finding a cases for understanding, concerning on the contexts about using context, concerning on the verification of defined concept. But it has difficulties that directly applicate these stages and technique to elementary school students. For instruction in elementary school, teacher should be translated these terms about each stages and technique to terms suited for students. And it is good for students that these activity can inspire students' interests. In this thesis, I'm trying to translate original terms about concept analysis technique to terms that elementary school students can understand. And then, I'm intending to propose of moral instruction method about truth telling as a example.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.768-776
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• 2021

Current protection-coordination methods use the reverse time characteristics of the T-C curve, which is not effective for a LVDC distribution system because the protective operation time of converters and DC circuit breakers is much faster than AC protection devices. Therefore, an algorithm is proposed for fault-section isolation using the fault current slope to minimize the blackout region and coordinate between converters and protection devices in a rapid and accurate manner. The method deals with the slope characteristics of a fault current, which may depend on the fault location in an LVDC distribution system. Thus, an LVDC distribution system can be operated in a stable manner by isolating the fault section selectively before the shutdown of the main converter using slope characteristics, which change in proportion to the line impedance and fault location. A 1.5-kV LVDC distribution system was modeled to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm using PSCAD/EMTDC. The system is composed of a distribution substation, LVDC converter, and distribution lines. The simulation results confirm that the proposed algorithm is a useful tool for minimizing the fault section in an LVDC distribution system.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.244-252
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• 2023

The timeliness and accuracy of test results are crucial factors for clinicians to decide and promptly administer effective and targeted antimicrobial therapy, especially in life-threatening infections or when vital organs and functions, such as sight, are at risk. Further research is needed to refine and optimize matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based assays to obtain accurate and reliable results in the shortest time possible. MALDI-TOF MS-based bacterial identification focuses primarily on techniques for isolating and purifying pathogens from clinical samples, the expansion of spectral libraries, and the upgrading of software. As technology advances, many MALDI-based microbial identification databases and systems have been licensed and put into clinical use. Nevertheless, it is still necessary to develop MALDI-TOF MS-based antimicrobial-resistance analysis for comprehensive clinical microbiology characterization. The important applications of MALDI-TOF MS in clinical research include specific application categories, common analytes, main methods, limitations, and solutions. In order to utilize clinical microbiology laboratories, it is essential to secure expertise through education and training of clinical laboratory scientists, and database construction and experience must be maximized. In the future, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is expected to be applied in various fields through the use of more powerful databases.