• The Korean Nurse
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• v.8 no.5 s.43
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• pp.57-57
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• 1969

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2002

This study was carried out to analyze Pinus densiflora forest in islets of southwestern coast of the Korean peninsula by the phytosociological methods. As a result of the investigation of 26 quadrats, the pine forest was classified two communities and six subcommunities : Ardisia japonica - Pinus densiflora community and lsodon japonicus - Pinus densiflora community, and Farfugium japonicum subcommunity, Quercus serrata subcommunity, Typical subcommunity of Ardisia japonica - P. densiflora community, Juniperus rigida subcommunity, Pourthiaea villosa subcommunity and Typical subcommunity of lsodon japonicus - P. densiflora community. The subsidiary knowledges from this study provide practical information to clarify the syntaxonomy of natural pine forest of the Korean peninsula by the phytosociological methods.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.293-309
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• 1998

A taxonomic study for clarifying the decapod fauna of Gejedo Island, Korea was performed. Seventy nine species in 28 families were identified through the present investigation and of which 9 species of shrimps, 7 species of anomurans, and 39 species of crabs are newly added to the decapod fauna of this area. With the previously known 40 species, a total of 93 decapod species from this island and its adjacent islets are listed, and Pugettia quadridens intermedia Sakai, 1939 is redescribed with illustrations. The zoogeographical aspects of Geojedo Island are also discussed based on the composition of geographical forms of brachyuran decapods.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.8
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• pp.217-230
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• 1996

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.559-563
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• 2003

Cytokines produced by immune cells infiltrating pancreatic islets have been incriminated as important mediators of $\beta$-cell destruction in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In non insulin-dependent diabetes, cytokines are also associated with impaired $\beta$-cell function in high glucose condition. By the screening of various natural products blocking $\beta$-cell destruction, we have recently found that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) can prevent the in vitro destruction of RINm5F cell, an insulinoma cell line, that is induced by cytokines. In that study we suggested that EGCG could prevent cytokine-induced $\beta$-cell destruction by down-regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) through inhibition of NF-kB activation. Here, to verify the in vivo antidiabetogenic effect of EGCG, we examined the possibility that EGCG could also prevent the experimental autoimmune diabetes induced by the treatment of multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MLD-STZ), which is recognized as an inducer of type I autoimmune diabetes. Administration of EGCG (100 mg/day/kg for 10 days) during the MLD-STZ induction of diabetes reduced the increase of blood glucose levels caused by MLD-STZ. Ex vivo analysis of $\beta$-islets showed that EGCG downregulates the MLD-STZ-induced expression of inducible NOS (iNOS). In addition, morphological examination showed that EGCG treatment ameliorated the decrease of islet mass induced by MLD-STZ. In combination these results suggest that EGCG could prevent the onset of MLD-STZ-induced diabetes by protecting pancreatic islets. Our results therefore revealed the possible therapeutic value of EGCG for the prevention of diabetes mellitus progression.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.795-801
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• 2007

Patients with Type I diabetes mellitus have been treated with porcine insulin for several decades and pigs have recently been deemed an ideal source of microencapsulated islet cells for clinical xenotransplantation. In this study, neonatal pigs were anesthetized and sacrificed prior to a pancreatectomy. Islet cells were isolated from pancreas via collagenase digestion. Islet cells were separated and collected by hand under microscopic guidance. These cells were suspended in 1.4% sodium alginate solution and encapsulated by dropping them into 1.1% calcium chloride solution and in which the round gel in size was 250-400 ${\mu}m$ in diameter. Viability of the microencapsulated islet cells cultured in medium at $37^{\circ}C$ was assessed by MTT assay. Furthermore, insulin released in response to glucose challenge was investigated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Secretion of insulin was low in response to the basal glucose solution (4.4 mM) in medium and was significantly higher in response to the high glucose solution (16.7 mM). The viability of microencapsulated islet cells did not differ significantly over a period of 7 days; that is, the increasing pattern of insulin concentration in the culture medium after glucose stimulation interval day was similar throughout the 7 days cultivation. In summary, experimental evidences indicated that the effects of alginate-microencapsulation prolonged survival of the neonatal porcine islets in vitro cultures and the insulin response to glucose of the islets was maintained.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1309-1324
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• 2009

This study was survey a flora and life form spectrum of 11 uninhabited islets, in jeju-do. The vascular plants of each uninhabited islets were summarized as Beomseom 159 taxa, Chagwi-do 136 taxa, Daryeo-do 81 taxa, Hyeongje-do 61 taxa, Jigwi-do 39 taxa, Munseom 147 taxa, Ran-do 58 taxa, Saeseom 65 taxa, Seogeondo 60 taxa, Seopseom 183 taxa and Wa-do 46 taxa. Floristic richness was in order analyzed to be Seogeon-do 28.62, Ran-do 19.24, Daryeo-do 18.53, Wa-do 16.42, Munseom 16.14, Hyeongje-do 14.76, Seopseom 13.32, Beomseom 13.24, Chagwi-do 6.15, Saeseom 5.86 and Jigwi-do 2.51. Life form spectrum was surveyed to H-$D_5$-$R_4$-e; hemieryptophyte(H) 26.8%, not production seeds($D_5$) 54.4%, clonal growth by stolons and struck roots($R_4$) 46.9% and erect form(e) 30.3%. According to the life form spectrum hemieryptophyte dominated high portions, which suggests islet in jeju-do has hemieryptophytic climate and similar to middle parts in Korean Peninsular. However, were noticed by that it has more therophytes. As a result, Partially shows the characteristics change from the temperate climate to the warm temperate climate or a semitropical climate by a climatic change.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.340-345
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• 2008

Extract of Acanthopanax senticosus has recently been demonstrated to possess significant antidiabetic potential, in accordance with the traditional use of this plant as an antidiabetic natural health product. The present study evaluated the effects of fermented extract (FE) of this plant on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, glucose uptake, and streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes model. A 3 h pretreatment with FE prevented $IL-1{\beta}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$ toxicity in isolated rat islets. However, it did not affect insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. In addition, pretreatment of mice with FE blocked the destruction of streptozotocin-induced islets and the development of type 1 diabetes. FE reduced blood glucose level, increased insulin secretion, and improved glucose tolerance in streptozotocin-treated mice, whereas nonfermented extract (NFE) had moderate effects. Immunohistochemical staining for insulin clearly showed that pretreatment with FE blocked the STZ-induced islets destruction and restored the number of islet cells that secreted insulin to the level of the control. Although the active principles and their mechanisms of action remain to be identified, FE may nevertheless represent a novel complementary therapy and a source of novel therapeutic agents against type 1 diabetes mellitus.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2000

The regional distribution and relative frequencies of endocrine cells were studied immunohistochemically (PAP methods) in the alimentary tract and pancreas of the toad, Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor using specific antisera against bovine Sp-1/chromogranin (BCG), serotonin, bombesin, gastrin, substance P (SP), somatostatin, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and secretin. Nine kinds of endocrine cells were identified in this study. Spherical or spindleshaped immunoreactive (IR) cells were located in the gastric glands of stomach regions, in the basal portion of the epithelium of intestinal tract or esophagus, and in the exocrine or pancreatic islets with variable frequencies. In the alimentary tract, BCG-IR cells were found in the fundus and pylorus with rare and a few frequencies, respectively. Serotonin-IR cells were demonstrated in the whole alimentary tract including the esophagus. Bombesin- and SP-IR cells were restricted to the stomach regions and gastrin-IR cells were restricted to the pylorus. Somatostatin-IR cells were detected throughout the whole alimentary tract except for the large intestine, However, insulin-, glucagon-, PP-, VIP- and secretin-IR cells were not detected in the alimentary tract. In the pancreas of toad, the distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells were similar to those of other mammals. Insulin-IR cells were located in the central portion of the pancreatic islets and interspaces of exocrine portions, and glucagon-, somatostatin- and PP-IR cells were detected in the marginal regions of the pancreatic islets and interspaces of exocrine. However, other IR cells were not found in the pancreas. In conclusion, the regional distribution and relative frequency of the endocrine cells in the alimentary tract and pancreas of the toad were similar to other anuran species but some differences which might be caused by feeding habits and species specification were also observed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.109-126
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• 1998

This experiment was performed in order to investigate the effect of Rosa rugosae Radix on hyperglycemia and diabetes in streptozotocin-induced rats. In this study, the experimental rats were divided into three groups: Control group, Group-A(Aqua-acupuncture group) and Group-B(Orally administ:ered group). Under the same condition, three groups were injected 50mg/kg of streptozotocin into abdomen for 3days. And then, Control group was administered water, Group-A was administered Rosa rugosae Radix aqua-acupuncture to S36, B20 and B21. Group-B was administered Rosa rugosae Radix water extract for 14days. Then kidney weight, serum glucose levels, BUN levels, creatinine levels and Langerhans islets were measured on 7th and 14th days. The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. The kidney weight of control group was heavier than those of group-A and group-Bon 7th day. 2. The levels of serum glucose were decreased in group-A and group-B at l20minutes 14th day as compared with control group. 3. The levels of BUN were decreased in group-A and group-B as compared with control group. 4. In histological observations, Langerhans islets of control group showed disrupted or condensed nudei, and intercellular spaces between acini were enlarged. In the group-A and group-B, histological damages of the acini and Lagerhans islets were recovered as compared with control group. These results suggest that Rosa rugosae Radix can applied for the treatment of diabetes melitus.