• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권11호
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• pp.1205-1210
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• 2008

목 적: 뇌자기공명영상에서 정상소견을 보인 신생아와 뇌실주위 백질연화증을 보인 보인 미숙아와 저산소성 뇌손상 소견이 보이는 만삭아의 뇌량 크기를 비교하고 양적으로 분석하여 뇌량의 크기가 신생아시기에 신경학적 경과에 유용한 지표가 될 수 있는가에 대한 평가를 하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2002년 9월부터 2005년 2월까지 원광대학교병원에서 출생한 신생아에서 경련, 주산기 가사, 소두증, 늘어지는 영아증후군(floppy infant syndrome) 등 신경학적인 이상이 의심되어 뇌자기공명영상을 시행 후 정상소견을 보인 15명의 신생아와 이상소견을 보인 27명의 환아 등 총 42명 신생아의 뇌량 크기를 비교하였다. 선천적인 뇌 기형이 동반된 경우와 염색체 이상, 대사 이상, 신경계 감염이 동반된 예는 연구대상에서 제외 하였다. 각 군의 뇌자기공명 영상에서 시상의 정중면에서 보이는 뇌량 전후의 최장 길이와 뇌량슬부의 수평 최장 두께, 체부의 수직 최장 두께, 팽대부의 수평 최장 두께를 원광대학교병원 영상 분석 시스템의 자동 측량 방법으로 기록하였고 이렇게 얻어진 각 부위의 두께를 다시 뇌량 전후의 최장 길이로 나누어서 뇌량 전후 길이에 대한 뇌량슬, 체부, 팽대부의 두께에 대한 비율을 계산하여 얻어진 측정치를 정상소견을 보인 신생아의 수치와 저산소성 허혈성 뇌증 소견이 보이는 만삭아 19명과 뇌실주위 백질연화증이 있는 미숙아 8명의 뇌량 전후 길이에 대한 뇌량 각 부위 두께의 비를 비교 분석하였다. 결 과: 뇌량 전후의 길이에 대한 뇌량슬부와 팽대부 두께의 비는 정상 소견을 보인 대조군과의 비교에서 저산소성 허혈성 뇌증 소견이 보이는 만삭아와 뇌실주위 백질연화증 소견이 보이는 미숙아에서 각각 통계학적인 의의가 있는 차이는 보이지 않았다. 그러나 뇌량 전후의 길이에 대한 뇌량체부 두께의 비는 P value가 저산소성 허혈성 뇌증 소견이 보이는 만삭아의 경우에서는 0.042, 뇌실주위 백질연화증 소견이 보이는 미숙아의 경우에서는 0.017로 정상소견을 보인 대조군과는 통계적으로 의의 있는 차이를 보였다. 결 론: 뇌량의 크기나 모양은 대뇌백질의 부피나 백질의 수초화 정도를 나타내는 좋은 지표이므로 뇌자기공명영상에서 뇌량의 크기를 양적으로 측정하는 것은 뇌발달의 평가 및 출생 전후의 뇌손상의 정도와 범위를 평가하는데 유용할 뿐만 아니라 뇌성마비나 정신발달지체 등 향후 신경학적인 예후를 추정하는 데에도 큰 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.214-218
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• 2007

The water extracts of Samultang (Samul) has been used for treatment of ischemic heart and brain damage in Oriental traditional medicine. However, little is known about the mechanism by which the water extract of Samul rescues cells from oxidative damages in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent that is also highly ototoxic. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Samul on ciplatin-induced ototoxicity in HEI-OC1 auditory cells and organ of Corti explant culture. Cisplatin markedly decreased the viability of HEI-OC1 auditory cells. However, treatment of HEI-OC1 cells with Samul significantly reduced cisplatin-induced cell death and apoptotic characteristics through reduction of intracellular peroxide generation. Cisplatin induced cytotoxicity in isolated and cultured hair cell progenitors from postnatal rat cochleae. These progenitor cells are isolated from the lesser epithelial ridge (LER, or outer spiral sulcus cell) area of pre-plated neonatal rat cochlear segments. However, Samul completely protected the morphological changes of organ of Corti and LER. Taken together, these data suggest that the protective effects of the water extracts of Samul against cisplatin may be mediated by the reduction of intracellular peroxide generation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.622-634
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary habits and altered food preferences of stroke patients. One hundred and forty-six outpatients, who had experienced their first-ever stroke and were admitted to Asan Medical Center between July and December 2000, were studied. Using interviews, we assessed the altered food preferences, food consumption frequency, and other factors influencing the food preferences and food consumption frequency of the subjects. These results were analyzed with 2 t-tests, and multiple regression analysis, using the SPSS package program. Preferences for pork, red fish, coffee, bread and stews were higher in male stroke patients than in females. The frequency of consumption of beef, pork, white fish, red fish, egg, garlic, onion, coffee, instant noodles, bread, and culinary vegetables increased in the male stroke patients more than in the females. Food preferences were influenced by income, risk factors, subjective tastes and location of brain ischemic lesions. Food consumption frequency was affected by food preference, income, drugs, alcohol, marital status, sex, and dysgeusia. As a result of multiple regression analysis, the frequency of consumption of white fish, red fish, eggs, soy milk, milk, garlic, onions, coffee, noodles, bread, bean-paste stew, kimchi, culinary vegetables, and greasy foods were the most affected by each food preference. Our results suggest that food consumption frequency may vary with food preference, income, drugs, alcohol, marital status, sex, and dysgeusia, and nutrition education should be formulated to prevent stroke recurrence based on the food preferences, subjective tastes, and risk factors of individual stroke patients.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1083-1088
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• 2004

This Study was designed to investigate the mechanism of Prescription for Treatment Abundant Expectoration due to Deficiency of Qi(Yukgunja-Tang, YGT) on cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood f1ow(rCBF) and pial arterial diameter(PAD)] in cerebral ischemia rats. The results were as follows: Both rCBF and PAD were significantly and stably decreased by YGT (10㎎/㎏, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in Control group. Pretreatment with indomethacin(1㎎/㎏, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and methylene blue(10㎍/㎏, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase significantly but unstably increased the YGT-induced increases in rCBF during the period of cerebral reperfusion. Pretreatment with indomethacin significantly and stably decreased the YGT-induced increases in PAD during the period of cerebral reperfusion, but pretreatment with methylene blue increased unstably the YGT-induced increases in PAD during the period of cerebral reperfusion. In conclusion, the present authors thought that mechanism of YGT on cerebral hemodynamics was connected with guanylate cyclase in cerebral ischemia rats.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2007

Kyungisan (KGS) has been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent for treatment of stroke caused by deficiency of qi(氣虛). This study was performed to evaluate effects of KGS extract on the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) in rats. The result of this study were as follow ; 1. KGS significantly increased rCBF irrelevant to MABP in normal rats, 2. To prescribe KGS after pretreatment with indomethacin(IDN) decreased rCBF as compared with control group to administered only KGS in normal rats. But the change of MABP is not significantly as compared with control group. 3. To prescribe KGS after pretreatment with methylen blue( MTB) decreased MABP and rCBF as compared with control group to administered only KGS in normal rats. Especially, it significantly decreased rCBF. These results suggest that KGS increase rCBF by enlargement diameter of pial artery in brain. The active mechanism of KGS is related with prostaglandin activated by cyclooxygenase. So, I suggest that KGS has an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral blood flow and can be used for stroke.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7069-7074
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• 2013

Programmed cell death is a basic cellular process that is critical to maintaining tissue homeostasis. In contrast to apoptosis, necrosis was previously regarded as an unregulated and uncontrollable process. However, as research has progressed, necrosis, also known as necroptosis or programmed necrosis, is drawing increasing attention, not least becasu of its possible impications for cancer research. Necroptosis exhibits a unique signaling pathway that requires the involvement of receptor interaction protein kinases 1 and 3 (RIP1 and RIP3), mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) and can be specifically inhibited by necrostatins. Not only does necroptosis serve as a backup cell death program when apoptosis is inhibited, but it is now recognized to play a pivotal role in regulating various physiological processes and the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases such as ischemic brain injury, immune system disorders and cancer. The control of necroptosis by various defined trigger factors and signaling pathways now offers the opportunity to target this cellular process for therapeutic purposes. The purpose of this paper is to review current findings concerning the connections between various trigger factors and the RIP1/RIP3 signaling pathway as it relates to necroptosis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.118-121
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• 2009

Pituitary apoplexy is a clinical syndrome caused by an acute ischemic or hemorrhagic vascular accident involving a pituitary adenoma or an adjacent pituitary gland. Pituitary apoplexy may be associated with a variety of neurological and endocrinological signs and symptoms. However, isolated third cranial nerve palsy with ptosis as the presenting sign of pituitary apoplexy is very rare. We describe two cases of pituitary apoplexy presenting as sudden-onset unilateral ptosis and diplopia. In one case, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a mass in the pituitary fossa with signs of hemorrhage, upward displacement of the optic chiasm, erosion of the sellar floor and invasion of the right cavernous sinus. In the other case, MRI showed a large area of insufficient enhancement in the anterior pituitary consistent with pituitary infarction or Sheehan's syndrome. We performed neurosurgical decompression via a transsphenoidal approach. Both patients showed an uneventful recovery. Both cases of isolated third cranial nerve palsy with ptosis completely resolved during the early postoperative period. We suggest that pituitary apoplexy should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with isolated third cranial nerve palsy with ptosis and that prompt neurosurgical decompression should be considered for the preservation of third cranial nerve function.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2003년도 Annual Meeting of KSAP : International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences on Obesity
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• pp.64-64
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• 2003

It is thought that highly reactive oxygen radicals generated at the ischemia-reperfusion in case of strokes play an important role in damaging the brain. We examined the neuroprotective effects from the several medicinal herbs in the transient ischemic rat model and compared their effects with the free radical scavenging activities. Transient ischemia was induced by intraluminal occusion of the right middle cerebral artety for 120 min and reperfusion was continued for 22 h in rats. The free radical scavenging properties of medicinal herbs were examined in vitro by determination of the interaction with the 1,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) stable free radical. Aqueous extracts of 11 medicinal herbs (200 mg/kg) were orally administered, promptly prior to reperfusion and 2 h after reperfusion. Total infarction volume in the ipsilateral hemisphere of ischemia reperfusion rats was significantly lowered by the treatment of 7 medicinal herbs (Sophora flavescens, Lycopus lucidus, Sanguisorba officinalis, Caesalpinia sappan, Albizia julibrissin, Rubia akane, Psoralea corylifolia, Prunella vulgaris). However, all of these medicinal herbs did not show antioxidative activities. These results suggest that neuroprotective effects of several drugs are not always correlated with their antioxidative properties.

• 아동학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.147-161
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• 2004

This study was designed to explore developmental evaluation in healthy full-term, at risk preterm and full-term infants. Specifically the purposes of the study were to investigate Psychomotor Developmental Index(PDI) and Mental Developmental Index(MDI) based on Bayley Scales of Infant Development(1993). The subjects were 72 infants, 24 each for healthy full-term infants, 24 each for at risk preterm infants and 24 each for at risk full-term infants such as having neonatal asphyxia, hypoxic ischemic brain damage, respiratory distress syndrome. The data were analyzed through Kruskal-Wallis test and correlations to examine healthy full-term, at risk pre-term and at risk full-term infants. Results showed that there were significant differences among healthy full-term, at risk pre-term and at risk full-term infants in PDI and MDI. On the correlation with PDI and MDI, infants showed significant correlations. Early interventions for developmental improvement are required for functional outcome in these infants.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.501-504
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• 2012

Objective : To report our surgical experience using in situ end-to-side bypass for giant serpentine distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm, unsuitable for microsurgical clipping. Methods : A 49-year-old woman presented with headache and intermittent loss of consciousness. The brain computed tomography scan revealed a partially calcified mass in the interhemispheric fissure. On cerebral angiography, that was giant ($30{\times}18mm$ sized), serpentine aneurysm originating from the A2 to A3 segment of the distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA). The aneurysm was trapped with clips, and the right A3 segment to left A3 segment of DACA, end-to-side in situ bypass was performed. Surgical result was favorable, with no newly developed ischemic event in the acute recovery period. Postoperative angiography showed total occlusion of the aneurysm and good patency, with preserved distal flow. Conclusion : Giant fusiform aneurysms of the DACA are extremely rare and can be particularly challenging to treat. End-to-side A3 : A3 bypass with aneurysm trapping could be a treatment modality for these locations.