• 자원환경지질
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.431-439
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• 2014

이 연구의 목적은 KURT(KAERI underground research tunnel) 지하수 내에 금속이온을 환원시키는 미생물의 존재 여부를 확인하고 배양하여, 이들의 활동에 따른 철과 망간 환원의 관찰과 환원물의 광물학적 특성을 연구함으로써, 금속환원미생물에 의한 산화상태로 존재하는 철과 망간의 환원과 광물 상전이 가능성을 확인하는 것이다. KURT 지하수 내 금속을 환원하는 미생물은 전자공여체로 포도당, 초산, 젖산, 개미산, 피루브산을, 전자수용체로 Fe(III)-citrate를 사용하여 농화배양 하였으며, 16S rRNA 분석을 통해 종 다양성을 확인하였다. 농화배양된 금속환원미생물에 의한 철과 망간의 환원과 생광물화작용을 알아보기 위해 전자공여체로 포도당, 초산, 젖산, 개미산, 피루브산을, 전자수용체로 철수산화물인 아카가나이트(akaganeite, ${\beta}$-FeOOH)와 망간산화물(manganese oxide, ${\lambda}-MnO_2$)을 이용하여 금속환원 실험을 실시하였다. 미생물 활동에 의해 형성된 환원물의 광물학적 특성은 SEM, EDX, XRD 분석을 통해 확인되었다. 연구 결과 KURT 지하수에서 금속을 환원하는 혐기성 미생물로는 Fusibacter, Desulfuromonas, Actinobacteria, Pseudomonas sp. 등이 확인되었고, 이 미생물들은 체외에서 철과 망간을 환원하여 이들 광물의 상전이를 확인하였다. 철(Fe)은 $Fe^{3+}$을 포함한 아카가나이트(${\beta}$-FeOOH)에서 $Fe^{2+}/Fe^{3+}$를 포함한 자철석($Fe_3O_4$)으로 환원되었고, 망간(Mn)은 $Mn^{4+}$를 포함한 망간산화물(${\lambda}-MnO_2$)에서 $Mn^{2+}$을 포함한 능망간석($MnCO_3$)으로 환원되었다. 이러한 지하 140 m의 KURT 지하수에서 서식하는 미생물들에 의해 철과 망간이 환원됨은 다른 중금속과 핵종원소의 환원 가능한 환경이 조성되었을 뿐 만 아니라, 미생물에 의하여 환원된 철의 재산화에 의해서도 주변 핵종원소가 환원될 수 있음을 의미한다. 따라서 이러한 직 간접적인 산화-환원 반응에 의해 KURT 지하수 내에서는 금속환원미생물들이 유해금속물질을 침전시켜 이동성을 줄일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 고준위 폐기물에서 유해물질의 유출시 핵물질의 확산을 막는데 중요한 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.82-89
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• 1984

논토양(土壤)에 볏짚을 시용(施用)하고 투수조건(透水條件)으로 수도(水稻)를 재배(栽培)하면서 경시적(經時的)으로 질소대식(窒素代識)에 관여(關與)하는 미생물(微生物)의 소장(消長)과 토양성분(土壤成分)의 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)하여 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 토양중(土壤中) Eh는 경시적(經時的)으로 저하(低下)했으며 볏짚시용구(施用區)의 Eh가 더욱 낮다. pH는 상층(上層)이 하층(下層)보다 약간 높았다. 이가철(二價鐵)은 함량(含量)이 볏짚시용(施用)으로 증가(增加)되었으며 경시적(經時的)으로 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)이었다. $NH_4$-N는 생육초기(生育初期)에 볏짚시용구(施用區)가 함량(含量)이 낮고 $NO_3$-N는 거의 검출(檢出)되지 않았다. 탈실균(脫室菌)은 담수초기(湛水初期)에 상층(上層)에서 높았으며 볏짚시용(施用)으로 생육초기(生育初期)에 약간 균수증가(菌數增加)가 있었다. 경시적(經時的)으로 탈질균(脫窒菌)은 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이었으며 질산환원균(窒酸還元菌)은 증가(增加)하였다. 암모니아 산화균(酸化菌)은 상층(上層)의 균수(菌數)가 하층(下層)보다 많았다. 아질산산화균(亞窒酸酸化菌)은 경시적(經時的)으로 감소(減少)하고 볏짚시용(施用)으로 균수(菌數)가 더욱 감소(減少)되었다. 토양중(土壤中) 이가철함량(二價鐵含量)과 탈질균(脫窒菌)과는 부(負)의 상관(相關)이 비교적 높으며 질산환원균(窒酸還元菌)과는 정(正)의 상관(相關)은 있으나 유의성(有意性)은 없었다. 암모니아산화균(酸化菌)과 그 이가철함량(二價鐵含量)과는 일정(一定)한 상관관계(相關關係)를 나타내지 못하고 있으며 $NH_4$-N 함량(含量)과도 뚜렷한 유의상관(有意相關)이 없었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권2호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2012

Background: Cigarette smoke induced release of iron could alter iron metabolism in the lungs of chronic smokers and contribute to the increase in the total oxidative burden on the lungs of smokers. In previous studies, ferritin levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in smokers were elevated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between serum ferritin concentration, smoking and lung function in Korean people. Methods: This study was based on the data acquired in the second year (2008) of the Forth National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey that was conducted from 2007 to 2009. The analysis included 2,244 subjects who were older than 20 years and had complete data from both lung function test and serum ferritin concentration. Among participants, 1,076 were male and 1,168 were female. Results: Mean serum ferritin concentrations in males were $120.3{\pm}80.1{\mu}g/L$ and $47.9{\pm}39.8{\mu}g/L$ in females. There were no differences in serum ferritin concentrations between non-smokers and smokers after adjusting for age, body mass index, and amounts of alcohol. Serum ferritin concentrations were associated with smoking amounts by simple linear regression but not associated with smoking amounts after adjustment with age, body mass index, and amounts of alcohol in both males and females. Lung function was not associated with serum ferritin concentrations. Conclusion: Our data suggested that serum ferritin concentrations are not related with smoking and lung function.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2015

목 적 : 제 1형 당뇨병을 진단 받은 소아 청소년 환자들을 대상으로 RLS를 평가하고 RLS를 동반하는 환자군과 RLS를 동반하지 않은 환자군 간의 임상적 변인과 수면의 특성을 비교하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 소아 청소년과에서 제 1형 당뇨병으로 진단 받은 7세 이상 18세 이하의 소아 청소년 55명을 대상으로 면담, 설문조사, 임상학적 검사를 시행하였다. RLS 진단은 IRLSSG 진단기준을 따랐으며 설문은 Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), International restless legs syndrome rating scale (IRLSRS)를 이용하였다. 결 과 : 55명의 대상자 중 RLS 빈도는 13명으로 23.6%였다. RLS 관련 변인으로 BMI, Hb, Iron, ferritin, TIBC, creatinine, GFR에서 두 군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. RLS 환자 13명 중 RLS 가족력을 가진 환자는 7명으로, RLS가 없는 환자의 경우와 현저한 차이를 보였다. 수면의 특성을 조사한 결과 RLS를 동반한 환자군이 RLS를 동반하지 않은 군에 비해 ESS, IRLSRS 결과가 유의하게 높았다. 결 론 : 제 1형 당뇨병을 진단 받은 소아 청소년은 RLS가 흔히 동반되었다. 임상적으로 당뇨 소아 청소년의 RLS 동반여부와 수면의 질을 평가하여 치료하는 것이 필요하겠으며 향후 보다 많은 환자를 대상으로 보다 객관적인 방법을 이용한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2008

To define the functions of the rpf genes in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which regulates pathogenicity factors in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), marker-exchange mutants of each rpf gene were generated. When the mutants were inoculated on a susceptible cultivar, the lesion lengths caused by the rpfB, rpfC, rpfF, and rpfG mutants were significantly smaller than those caused by the wild type, whereas those caused by the rpfA, rpfD, and rpfI mutants were not. Several virulence determinants, including extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production, xylanase production, and motility, were significantly decreased in the four mutants. However, the cellulase activity in the mutants was unchanged. Complementation of the rpfB and rpfC mutations restored the virulence and the expression of the virulence determinants. Expression analysis of 14 virulence genes revealed that the expression of genes related to EPS production (gumG and gumM), LPS (xanA, xanB, wxoD, and wxoC), phytase (phyA), xylanase (xynB), lipase (lipA), and motility (pitA) were reduced significantly in the mutants rpfB, rpfC, rpfF, and rpfG. In contrast, the expression of genes related to cellulase (eglxob, clsA), cellobiosidase (cbsA), and iron metabolism (fur) was unchanged. The results of this study clearly show that rpfB, rpfC, rpfF, and rpfG are important for the virulence of Xoo KACC10859, and that virulence genes are regulated differently by the Rpfs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.115-125
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• 1985

This study was undertaken to make comparative study on the effect of kinds(Cellulose, Agar) & contents(2.5%, 5%, 10%) of the dietary fiber with the normal Fe intakes(66ppm) on the Fe metabolism in rats during the four weeks of growth period Sixty-four male rats of wistar strain weighing $76.2\pm2.5g$ were randomly designed to one of the 8 groups. All the groups received basal diet with 9% casein and no acorbic acid. The results obtained are summarized following; 1) Feed consumption per 100g b.w. & body weight gain in normal Fe intake groups tended to be higher than Fe deficient groups, but, there was no significant difference among the 8 groups. However, body weight gain & feed consumption in cellulose sloops were significantly higher than agar groups in all the levels tested.(P<0.01). 2) Fecal Fe excretion per 100g b.w. increased significantly with increase in dietary fiber during the four weeks, but there was no significant increase in fecal weight per l00g b.w. & urinary Fe excretion. 3) Hemoglobin concentration & hematocrit decreased slightly in SFe-10% up with SFe - C group after fourth weeks, but, the difference was not significant. 4) In cellulose groups, serum-Fe remakendly decreased & TIBC increased with increase in the levels of cellulose during the fourth weeks. In agar groups, serum-Fe & TIBC tended to decrease with increased dietary fiber intake. Therefore, at high intakes of both fibers, the levels of transferrin saturation were similar to that of DFe group. 5) Contents of Fe in liver, kidney & spleen increased significantly only in 10% agar diet. The remaining 7 groups did not differ significantly. It may imply agar affect in Fe utilization from storage in rats. In conclusion, inhibitory effect of dietary fiber on Fe absorption depended upon the kinds & level of consumption Results from the present study shoves the effects of purified dietary fiber on Fe absorption in gastrointestinal tract and it may be different from those of dietary fibers consumed as a part of complex diet.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1004-1012
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the loess dyeability of soybean fabric using loess as colorants. Recent days, various textile products such as inner wears, sheets and interior goods are manufactured using materials dyed with loess emphasizing its improved metabolism, anti-bacterial, deodorizing properties, and far infrared ray emissions. Soybean fabric was dyed with loess solution according to concentration of loess, dyeing temperature and dyeing time. To improve washing fastness, soybean fabric and dyed soybean fabric with loess were mordanted by mordanting agents such as sodium chloride(NaCl), Acetic acid(CH₃COOH) and Aluminium Potassium Sulfate(AlK(SO₄)₂·12H₂O). Dyeability and color characteristics of dyed soybean fabric were obtained by CCM observation. Particle size distribution of loess, the dyeability(K/S) of soybean fabric, morphology and washing durability of loess dyed soybean fabric were investigated. The results obtained were as follows; Mean average diameter of loess was 1.08µm. The main components of loess used in this study were silicon dioxide(SiO₂), aluminium oxide(Al₂O₃), and iron oxide(Fe₂O₃). The content of these three component was above 75 weight %. The dyeability of soybean fabric was increased gradually with increasing concentration of loess. The optimum dyeing temperature and dyeing time were 90℃ and 60minutes expectively. The fastness to washing according to concentration of loess and mordanting method indicated good grade result as more than 4 degree in all conditions.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.793-807
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• 2006

This study was performed to estimate the effect of alphacalcidol supplementation or nutrition education on the nutrient intakes, bone mineral density and bone markers in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. The 90 CAPD subjects were randomly assigned to 3 groups (alphacalcidol group: AG, nutrition education group: NG, and control group: CG). Alphacalcidol supplementation($0.5{\mu}g/day$) was carried out for 8 months. Nutrition counseling was performed according to the patient s individual question for the first 6 months and scheduled nutrition education with individual counseling was carried out for the last 2 months. In baseline data. there were no significant differences in age, sex, family number, education years and monthly income except the NG showed significantly less duration of CAPD (p< 0.05) compared to other two groups. After intervention all three groups showed tendency of lower intakes. NG revealed less decrease in protein, especially in animal protein calcium from Ca-P binder, dietary calcium, dietary iron and niacin. NG showed significantly more increase in dry weight (p<0.05) and AG in waist circumference (p<0.001) after intervention. The groups did not show significant differences in the changes of biochemical indices related to bone metabolism. NG revealed more increase in trochanter BMD(p < 0.05) compared to other two groups. It seems that nutrition education is more effective in preventing deterioration or improving the bone and general nutrition status.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1653-1658
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• 2012

We have reported previously that a recombinant Escherichia coli co-expresses aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase, an NADP-dependent malic enzyme, and a dicarboxylate transporter-produced heme, an iron-chelated porphyrin, in a succinate-containing complex medium. To develop an industrially plausible process, a chemically defined medium was formulated based on M9 minimal medium. Heme synthesis was enhanced by adding sodium bicarbonate, which strengthened the C4 metabolism required for the precursor metabolite, although a pH change discouraged cell growth. Increasing the medium pH buffering capacity (100mM phosphate buffer) and adding sodium bicarbonate enabled the recombinant E. coli to produce heme at rates 60% greater than those in M9 minimal medium. Adding growth factors (1 mg/l thiamin, 0.01 mg/l biotin, 5 mg/l nicotinic acid, 1 mg/l pantothenic acid, and 1.4 mg/l cobalamin) also induced positive heme production effects at levels twice of heme production in M9-based medium. Porphyrin derivatives and heme were found in the chemically defined medium, and their presence was confirmed by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS). The formulated medium allowed for the production of $0.6{\mu}M$ heme, $29{\mu}M$ ALA, $0.07{\mu}M$ coproporphyrin I, $0.21{\mu}M$ coproporphyrin III, and $0.23{\mu}M$ uroporphyrin in a 3 L pH-controlled culture.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.756-763
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• 2021

Agarose is a linear polysaccharide composed of ᴅ-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-ʟ-galactose (AHG). It is a major component of the red algal cell wall and is gaining attention as an abundant marine biomass. However, the inability to ferment AHG is considered an obstacle in the large-scale use of agarose and could be addressed by understanding AHG catabolism in agarolytic microorganisms. Since AHG catabolism was uniquely confirmed in Vibrio sp. EJY3, a gram-negative marine bacterial species, we investigated AHG metabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), an agarolytic gram-positive soil bacterium. Based on genomic data, the SCO3486 protein (492 amino acids) and the SCO3480 protein (361 amino acids) of S. coelicolor A3(2) showed identity with H2IFE7.1 (40% identity) encoding AHG dehydrogenase and H2IFX0.1 (42% identity) encoding 3,6-anhydro-ʟ-galactonate cycloisomerase, respectively, which are involved in the initial catabolism of AHG in Vibrio sp. EJY3. Thin layer chromatography and mass spectrometry of the bioconversion products catalyzed by recombinant SCO3486 and SCO3480 proteins, revealed that SCO3486 is an AHG dehydrogenase that oxidizes AHG to 3,6-anhydro-ʟ-galactonate, and SCO3480 is a 3,6-anhydro-ʟ-galactonate cycloisomerase that converts 3,6-anhydro-ʟ-galactonate to 2-keto-3-deoxygalactonate. SCO3486 showed maximum activity at pH 6.0 at 50℃, increased activity in the presence of iron ions, and activity against various aldehyde substrates, which is quite distinct from AHG-specific H2IFE7.1 in Vibrio sp. EJY3. Therefore, the catabolic pathway of AHG seems to be similar in most agar-degrading microorganisms, but the enzymes involved appear to be very diverse.